54 research outputs found

    Redes empresariales, inversión directa extranjera y monopolio: el caso de Telefónica, 1924-1965

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    Este trabajo analiza el papel de las redes empresariales en la evolución de la inversión directa extranjera en España. Para ello se estudia en profundidad el caso de una de las inversiones estadounidenses más relevantes en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, Telefónica, empresa cuya creación fue fruto de la acción conjunta de la multinacional International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) y de algunos grupos financieros españoles, especialmente los bancos Urquijo e Hispano Americano. La investigación muestra cómo la red tejida por la empresa americana y sus socios, cuyos tentáculos llegaron hasta las administraciones de ambos países, facilitó su entrada y devenir en España, así como la continuidad de su gestión en la empresa telefónica hasta fechas posteriores a la nacionalización

    H. Dienel, Linde. History of a Technology Corporation. 1879-2004

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    Redes empresariales, inversión directa extranjera y monopolio: el caso de Telefónica, 1924-1965

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    Este trabajo analiza el papel de las redes empresariales en la evolución de la inversión directa extranjera en España. Para ello se estudia en profundidad el caso de una de las inversiones estadounidenses más relevantes en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, Telefónica, empresa cuya creación fue fruto de la acción conjunta de la multinacional International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) y de algunos grupos financieros españoles, especialmente los bancos Urquijo e Hispano Americano. La investigación muestra cómo la red tejida por la empresa americana y sus socios, cuyos tentáculos llegaron hasta las administraciones de ambos países, facilitó su entrada y devenir en España, así como la continuidad de su gestión en la empresa telefónica hasta fechas posteriores a la nacionalización.This paper analyses the role played by business networks in the evolution of foreign direct investment in Spain. For this purpose it is studied the case of one of the most important US investments in the country during the 20th century, Telefónica, whose foundation in 1924 responded to the joint action of the International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT) and some Spanish business groups, particularly the banks Urquijo and Hispano Americano. The research shows how the network developed by the US multinational and its Spanish partners, which included contacts even within the American and the Spanish governments, facilitated the entry and survival of the foreign company, as well as the continuity of the American management after the nationalization of Telefónica in 1945

    The Long-Term Impact of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in Spain: New Insights into an Old Topic

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    The role of foreign capital and technology in the economic and social progress of late-developing countries remains a controversial issue in both academic and policy circles. In this essay, we examine the case of Spain in the light of the academic literature from the 1960s to the present. First, we identify and contextualize the intellectual concerns and controversies of two important generations of economists and historians and their approaches to the specific issue of multinational enterprises (MNEs). We then discuss what we consider to be the seven major contributions of recent Spanish scholarship in terms of: 1/ new quantitative evidence on FDI inward flows and firm demography analyses of foreign MNEs; 2/ new approaches to the transfer of technology by MNEs; 3/ collective and individual case studies of foreign MNEs, with a focus on their impact on local capabilities; 4/ identification of patterns of investment by MNE home countries; 5/ identification and study of the local actors of inward FDI; 6/ new perspectives gained from the history of international relations; and 7) new evidence on processes leading from inward FDI to outward FDI. We argue that the time is ripe for comprehensive re-assessments of the long-term impact of foreign MNEs and the role of Spain in the global economy

    The Long-Term Impact of Foreign Multinational Enterprises in Spain: New Insights into an Old Topic

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    The role of foreign capital and technology in the economic and social progress of late-developing countries remains a controversial issue in both academic and policy circles. In this essay, we examine the case of Spain in the light of the academic literature from the 1960s to the present. First, we identify and contextualize the intellectual concerns and controversies of two important generations of economists and historians and their approaches to the specific issue of multinational enterprises (MNEs). We then discuss what we consider to be the seven major contributions of recent Spanish scholarship in terms of: 1/ new quantitative evidence on FDI inward flows and firm demography analyses of foreign MNEs; 2/ new approaches to the transfer of technology by MNEs; 3/ collective and individual case studies of foreign MNEs, with a focus on their impact on local capabilities; 4/ identification of patterns of investment by MNE home countries; 5/ identification and study of the local actors of inward FDI; 6/ new perspectives gained from the history of international relations; and 7) new evidence on processes leading from inward FDI to outward FDI. We argue that the time is ripe for comprehensive re-assessments of the long-term impact of foreign MNEs and the role of Spain in the global economy

    La guerra fría y los empresarios españoles: la articulación de los intereses económicos de Estados Unidos en España, 1950-1975

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    En este trabajo se examinan algunos efectos de la alianza política y militar entre España y Estados Unidos durante los años cincuenta y sesenta del siglo XX. Se examina la ayuda técnica, entendida como el conjunto de programas oficiales, contratos e inversiones privadas que sirvieron para transferir a España las técnicas de producción y organización norteamericanas. El análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo revela que tanto dicha ayuda como los círculos pro-americanos formados a su alrededor, en parte sustentados en relaciones de negocios anteriores, fueron esenciales en la articulación de los intereses económicos estadounidenses en España. El caso español muestra que la política económica exterior norteamericana de la Guerra Fría favoreció, si bien sólo indirectamente, a la comunidad empresarial de aquel país. En segundo lugar, el trabajo proporciona material e ideas para analizar el «milagro» español como un proceso de crecimiento exógeno.This article examines some effects of the political and military alliance between Spain and the United States on the Spanish business community in the 1950s and 1960s. The technical aid is taken to be the set of official programs and private contracts and investments that helped disseminate in Spain the techniques and ideas associated with the American model. The articulation process of the economic interests of the United States in Spain is quantitatively and qualitatively analysed. Our research reveals that technical aid and the pro-American circles formed around it, which were partially based on existing business relations, were essential to such process. The Spanish case shows therefore, first, that US foreign economic policy favoured, even if only indirectly, American business during the Cold War. Second, this work provides material and ideas to analyse the Spanish «miracle» as a rather exogenous growth process.La investigación forma parte del proyecto del Plan Nacional de I+D+I SEC2000-1084Publicad
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