Optimisation of mortar with Mg-Al-Hydrotalcite as sustainable management strategy lead waste

This study analyses how a Mg-Al-Hydrotalcite with carbonate in the interlayer influences the hydration of mortar allowing the management of lead waste (solid or liquid) in a cement-based material. First, the compatibility of hydrotalcite with the cementitious matrix was studied through heat of hydration, workability, consistency, compressive strength and mineralogical phase formation. The changes produced by the incorporation of hydrotalcite were not drastic and the compatibility with the cement was verified. Lead was added in oxide and nitrate form to mortar with or without hydrotalcite and the same properties were evaluated, including a leaching test. The incorporation of lead delayed the hydration, this effect being increased by the hydrotalcite, which happened in the first instants of hydration. The addition of hydrotalcite counteracted the negative effect of lead in compressive strength values. The interaction between the hydrotalcite and the lead waste was favoured by the formation of plumbites under the pH conditions of cement hydration. Consequently, this interaction would seem to be superficial. The lead leaching decreased to values included in the “Non-Hazardous” limit of the environmental classification, very close to “Inert”. All mortars were produced by two mixing procedures to establish differences. When hydrotalcite was included, the compressive strength was higher in the second procedure and lead leaching showed better behaviour in the first procedure. This research expands the possibilities of the management of solid and liquid waste contaminated with lead by using a Mg-Al-Hydrotalcite in cement-based matrices

Aerobic Energy Expenditure and Intensity Prediction During a Specific Circuit Weight Training: a Pilot Study

During circuit weight training (CWT), workloads, index of intensity as well as estimation of energy expenditure (EE) have been under estimated. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate physiological variables and gender related differences, including intensity prediction and EE, during CWT at different intensities. Twenty six subjects were assessed in a CWT, fourteen men and twelve women. The CWT program was performed at six different intensities, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 85% of 15RM. Seven exercises made up the circuit: sitting bench press, leg press, lat pull down, shoulder press, hamstring curl, biceps curl, and triceps cable push downs. A polar heart rate monitor and a portable metabolic system were used to measure heart rate (HR), intensity measured relative to the HR reserve, cardiorespiratory variables, EE and EE relative to muscle mass (EEMM). Differences between genders were observed at the following variables: HR, intensity measured relative to the HR reserve (in percentage), VO2, VCO2, VE, RER, aerobic EE and EEMM. The EE was significantly higher in men during the six intensities, but differences did not exist for EEMM from 70% to 85%. In addition HR, load and body weight were used to predict intensity and two gender specific equations were obtained for men and women [I (%) = 57.265 + 0.512HR - 0.696HRmax + 1.035 Loadavg + 0.188 Body Weight (R2=0.92; SEE=4.9%) for men; I (%) = 4.036 + 0.412HR% + 1.667 Loadavg (R2=0.79; SEE=7.7%) for women]. Thus, we conclude that gender related differences are present during CWT for EE, even when expressed relative to muscle mass, in addition HR, work load and body weight can estimate the intensity during CWT

Análisis del gasto energético en entrenamiento con cargas en circuito. Comparación de cargas elevadas vs ligeras.

El entrenamiento con cargas es uno de las más frecuentes actividades deportivas, tanto de europeos (más de 38 millones de personas) como de americanos (más de 40 millones). Por este motivo conocer el gasto energético de esta actividad podría suponer un enorme beneficio para la planificación de actividades de pérdida de peso. Seis hombres y seis mujeres realizaron un circuito sin descansos en dos días diferentes. El primer día a intensidad ligera (menor del 60%) y otro día a intensidad elevada (superior al 70%). Existen diferencias significativas entre ambos protocolos así como entre géneros, debidas fundamentalmente al componente genético (composición fibrilar y composición corporal). En conclusión los protocolos de entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad consumen mayor cantidad de energía aeróbica que los de baja intensidad

Las prácticas sociales campesinas y su implicación en el contexto escolar y social.

Identificar los saberes y las prácticas sociales campesinas de los habitantes de la vereda Monterrey; con el fin de generar encuentros que permitan develar la importancia de la participación comunitaria desde lo común de estas prácticas y saberes en el contexto social y escolar.La cultura y apuestas colectivas como bien común de las comunidades rurales permiten que estas se mantengan y transformen en sus propios términos a través de los saberes y prácticas ancestrales, saberes y prácticas que se están perdiendo cada día, tal vez debido a políticas globalizantes que desconocen lo rural, lo regional y lo autóctono. Los saberes y prácticas culturales campesinas son fundamentales para las comunidades rurales, pues estos son lo que las identifican y caracterizan, siendo elementos esenciales en su cultura campesina, se transmiten de generación en generación, a través de la educación informal y la formal. La primera se da especialmente a través de la familia, padres a hijos y comunidad en general. La segunda sujeta a un modelo estándar y homogenizante en el país, determinado por la ley 115 de 1994, “Ley General de Educación”, impartida en los establecimientos educativos, bajo la vigencia de prácticas pedagógicas descontextualizadas que no tienen en cuenta el saber ancestral, impactando directamente la cultura de las comunidades campesinas. Así esta investigación se centra en la comunidad rural de alta montaña de la vereda Monterrey, perteneciente al corregimiento de Monterrey, del municipio de Buga, Valle del cauca, comunidad conformada por 89 familias campesinas, indagando a miembros representativos de la comunidad y la escuela, con quienes nos propusimos identificar sus saberes y prácticas sociales campesinas en el contexto social y escolar que permita un proceso de apropiación cultural, es decir que a partir del reconocimiento de esos saberes y prácticas se valore la importancia de estos en la preservación y transformación cultural de su propia identidad como manera de resistencia ante la cultura urbana que cada día los invade a través de las nuevas tecnologías y de las disposiciones urbanizantes de la ciudad

Las prácticas sociales campesinas y su implicación en el contexto escolar y social.

Identificar los saberes y las prácticas sociales campesinas de los habitantes de la vereda Monterrey; con el fin de generar encuentros que permitan develar la importancia de la participación comunitaria desde lo común de estas prácticas y saberes en el contexto social y escolar.La cultura y apuestas colectivas como bien común de las comunidades rurales permiten que estas se mantengan y transformen en sus propios términos a través de los saberes y prácticas ancestrales, saberes y prácticas que se están perdiendo cada día, tal vez debido a políticas globalizantes que desconocen lo rural, lo regional y lo autóctono. Los saberes y prácticas culturales campesinas son fundamentales para las comunidades rurales, pues estos son lo que las identifican y caracterizan, siendo elementos esenciales en su cultura campesina, se transmiten de generación en generación, a través de la educación informal y la formal. La primera se da especialmente a través de la familia, padres a hijos y comunidad en general. La segunda sujeta a un modelo estándar y homogenizante en el país, determinado por la ley 115 de 1994, “Ley General de Educación”, impartida en los establecimientos educativos, bajo la vigencia de prácticas pedagógicas descontextualizadas que no tienen en cuenta el saber ancestral, impactando directamente la cultura de las comunidades campesinas. Así esta investigación se centra en la comunidad rural de alta montaña de la vereda Monterrey, perteneciente al corregimiento de Monterrey, del municipio de Buga, Valle del cauca, comunidad conformada por 89 familias campesinas, indagando a miembros representativos de la comunidad y la escuela, con quienes nos propusimos identificar sus saberes y prácticas sociales campesinas en el contexto social y escolar que permita un proceso de apropiación cultural, es decir que a partir del reconocimiento de esos saberes y prácticas se valore la importancia de estos en la preservación y transformación cultural de su propia identidad como manera de resistencia ante la cultura urbana que cada día los invade a través de las nuevas tecnologías y de las disposiciones urbanizantes de la ciudad

Discriminant analysis of the specialty of elite cyclist

The different demands of competition coupled with the morphological and physiological characteristics of cyclists have led to the appearance of cycling specialities. The aims of this study were to determine the differences in the anthropometric and physiological features in road cyclists with different specialities, and to develop a multivariate model to classify these specialities and predict which speciality may be appropriate to a given cyclist. Twenty male, elite amateur cyclists were classified by their trainers as either flat terrain riders, hill climbers, or all-terrain riders. Anthropometric and cardiorespiratory studies were then undertaken. The results were analysed by MANOVA and two discriminant tests. Most differences between the speciality groups were of an anthropometric nature. The only cardiorespiratory variable that differed significantly (p < 0.05) was maximum oxygen consumption with respect to body weight (VO2max/kg). The first discriminant test classified 100% of the cyclists within their true speciality; the second, which took into account only anthropometric variables, correctly classified 75%. The first discriminant model allows the likely speciality of still non-elite cyclists to be predicted from a small number of variables, and may therefore help in their specific training

A comparison between petrous bone and tooth, femur and tibia DNA analysis from degraded skeletal remains

Skeletal remains are the only biological material that remains after long periods; however, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, andpHaffect DNA preservation, turning skeletal remains into a challenging sample for DNA laboratories. Sample selection is a key factor, and femur and tooth have been traditionally recommended as the best substrate of genetic material. Recently, petrous bone (cochlear area) has been suggested as a better option due to its DNA yield. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of petrous bone compared to other cranium samples (tooth) and postcranial long bones (femur and tibia). A total amount of 88 samples were selected from 38 different individuals. The samples were extracted by using an organic extraction protocol, DNA quantification by Quantifiler Trio kit and amplified with GlobalFiler kit. Results show that petrous bone outperforms other bone remains in quantification data, yielding 15–30 times more DNA than the others. DNA profile data presented likeness between petrous bone and tooth regarding detected alleles; however, the amount of DNA extracted in petrous bones allowed us to obtain more informative DNA profiles with superior quality. In conclusion, petrous bone or teeth sampling is recommended if DNA typing is going to be performed with environmentally degraded skeletal remains

Longitudinal Changes in Response to a Cycle-Run Field Test of Young Male National "Talent identification" and Senior Elite Triathlon Squads.

This study investigated the changes in cardiorespiratory response and running performance of 9 male ?Talent Identification? (TID) and 6 male Senior Elite (SE) Spanish National Squad triathletes during a specific cycle-run test. The TID and SE triathletes (initial age 15.2±0.7 vs. 23.8±5.6 years, p=0.03; tests through the competitive period and the preparatory period, respectively, of two consecutive seasons: Test 1 was an incremental cycle test to determine the ventilatory threshold (Thvent); Test 2 (C-R) was 30 min constant load cycling at the Thvent power output followed by a 3-km time trial run; and Test 3 (R) was an isolated 3-km time trial control run, in randomized counterbalanced order. In both seasons the time required to complete the C-R 3-km run was greater than for R in TID (11:09±00:24 vs. 10:45±00:16 min:ss, pmenor que 0.01; and 10:24±00:22 vs. 10:04±00:14, p=0.006, for season 2005/06 and 2006/07, respectively) and SE (10:15±00:19 vs. 09:45±00:30, pmenor que 0.001 and 09:51±00:26 vs. 09:46±00:06, p= 0.02 for season 2005/06 and 2006/07, respectively). Compared to the first season, completion of the time trial run was faster in the second season (6.6%, pmenor que 0.01 and 6.4%, pmenor que 0.01, for C-R and R test, respectively) only in TID. Changes in post-cycling run performance were accompanied by changes in pacing strategy but only slight or non-significant changes in the cardiorespiratory response. Thus, the negative effect of cycling on performance may persist, independently of the period, over two consecutive seasons in TID and SE triathletes; however A improvements over time suggests that monitoring running pacing strategy after cycling may be a useful tool to control performance and training adaptations in TID. O2max 77.0±5.6 vs. 77.8±3.6 mL·kg-1·min-1, NS) underwent three TE D EP C

Usefulness of Microbiome for Forensic Geolocation: A Review

Forensic microbiomics is a promising tool for crime investigation. Geolocation, which connects an individual to a certain place or location by microbiota, has been fairly well studied in the literature, and several applications have been found. The aim of this review is to highlight the main findings in this field, including the current sample storage, DNA extraction, sequencing and data analysis techniques that are being used, and its potential applications in human trafficking and ancient DNA studies. Second, the challenges and limitations of forensic microbiomics and geolocation are emphasised, providing recommendations for the establishment of this tool in the forensic science community

GITAD 2020: quality assurance test through 20 years of experience

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi. org/10.1007/s00414-022-02802-4.GITAD (Grupo Iberoamericano de Trabajo en Análisis de DNA) was founded in 1998 as the first operational group of AICEF (Academia Iberoamericana de Criminalística y Estudios Forenses), formally created in 1999. The mission and the vision of GITAD are to promote the development of forensic genetics in Ibero-American countries and to achieve the maximum level of innovation and quality in each country, and with that aim, a proficiency test was developed. Since 1999, the member laboratories receive four reference samples with the objective of obtaining the genetic profile with their routine protocols, a theoretical exercise since 2003, and since 2007, it was incorporated a forensic sample, which changes every year. The consensus results and the different discrepancies are discussed in an annual meeting. This article illustrates the evolution of the proficiency test through 20 years from different points of view: the increase of participant laboratories, the evolution of the different DNA typing techniques reported by the Ibero-American participant laboratories, the challenges that the proficiency test have met, and future perspectives for a continuous improvement of the proficiency test, especially regarding its accreditation under ISO 17043Universidad de Granada/CBU