Las cónicas y otras curvas maravillosas

En el cursillo construiremos algunos lugares geométricos por medio de envolventes de familias de curvas. Iniciamos con algunas construcciones básicas que se pueden desarrollar con instrumentos de trazo, continuamos con construcciones de lugares geométricos, instancia en la que resulta más útil apoyarse en la geometría dinámica (e.g., GeoGebra). Finalizaremos con un proceso en doble vía para asociar lugares geométricos con sus ecuaciones

Recovery of wheat heritage for traditional food: genetic variation for high molecular weight glutenin subunits in neglected/underutilized wheat

Club wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum (Host) Mackey), macha wheat (T. aestivum L. ssp. macha (Dekapr. & A.M. Menabde) Mackey) and Indian dwarf wheat (T. aestivum L. ssp. sphaerococcum (Percival) Mackey) are three neglected or underutilized subspecies of hexaploid wheat. These materials were and are used to elaborate modern and traditional products, and they could be useful in the revival of traditional foods. Gluten proteins are the main grain components defining end-use quality. The high molecular weight glutenin subunit compositions of 55 accessions of club wheat, 29 accessions of macha wheat, and 26 accessions of Indian dwarf wheat were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. Three alleles for the Glu-A1 locus, 15 for Glu-B1 (four not previously described), and four for Glu-D1 were detected. Their polymorphisms could be a source of genes for quality improvement in common wheat, which would permit both their recovery as new crops and development of modern cultivars with similar quality characteristics but better agronomic traits

Eficacia del ganciclovir tópico como alternativa terapéutica de la queratitis epitelial herpética

ResumenObjetivoComparar el uso del ganciclovir con el del aciclovir, usados de forma tópica, para la curación de la queratitis epitelial herpética en menos de 7 días.Materiales y métodosSe diseñó un ensayo clínico aleatorizado comparativo de pacientes con queratitis epitelial herpética del Centro de Oftalmología de la Fundación Santos y de la Garza Evia. Se establecieron 2 grupos de tratamiento: gel de ganciclovir 0.15% y ungüento de aciclovir 3%; aplicados 5 veces al día hasta el cierre de la dendrita y después 3 veces al día durante 3 días más. Se evaluó diariamente a los pacientes hasta el cierre de la úlcera y se aplicó un cuestionario de síntomas con una escala validada.ResultadosSe reclutaron 23 pacientes: 13 tratados con ganciclovir (56.5%) y 10 (43.4%) con aciclovir (p=0.94); la edad promedio fue de 47.69 años (DE±18.6) para el primer grupo y de 56.8 años (DE±9.6) para el segundo (p=0.17). El tamaño de la úlcera inicial fue similar en ambos grupos: 2.3mm (±1.85) en aciclovir y 3.0mm (±0.94) en ganciclovir. En el primer día la mediana del tamaño de la úlcera en aciclovir fue de 1.5mm (RIC=1.8) y en ganciclovir 1mm (RIC=1.9) (p=0.257), lo cual no muestra una diferencia clínicamente significativa. Al día 7, la úlcera había cerrado a 0mm (RIC=0) en todos los casos de ganciclovir comparado con 1mm promedio en el grupo de aciclovir (RIC=1.7) (p=0.000).ConclusionesEl ganciclovir demostró una curación de la queratitis epitelial en menos de 7 días, comparado con aciclovir.AbstractObjectiveTo compare the healing rate in less than 7 days with the use of ganciclovir or acyclovir in patients with epithelial herpetic keratitis.Materials and methodsWe designed a randomized clinical trial including patients with epithelial herpetic keratitis seen at Centro de Oftalmología de la Fundación Santos y de la Garza Evia. There were 2 treatment groups: 0.15% ganciclovir gel and acyclovir 3% ointment, applied 5 times a day until the dendrite closed, and then 3 times a day for 3 days. We evaluated patients daily until the ulcer healed. A validated symptom scale was provided in each visit.ResultsWe recruited 23 patients: 13 treated with ganciclovir (56.5%) and 10 (43.4%) with acyclovir (P=.94), the mean age was 47.69 years (SD±18.6) for the first group, and 56.8 years (SD±9.6) for the second (P=.17). The initial ulcer size was similar in both groups: 2.3mm (±1.85) in acyclovir and 3.0mm (±0.94) in ganciclovir. On the first day the median ulcer size was 1.5mm acyclovir (IQR=1.8) and ganciclovir 1mm (IQR=1.9) (P=0.257), which does not show a clinically significant difference. At day 7, the ulcer had closed to 0mm (IQR=0) in all cases of ganciclovir compared with acyclovir 1mm (IQR=1.7) (P=.000).ConclusionsThe healing rate of ganciclovir in less than 7 days for EK was superior compared with acyclovir

Potential Use of Wild Einkorn Wheat for Wheat Grain Quality Improvement: Evaluation and Characterization of Glu-1, Wx and Ha Loci

Wild einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. aegilopoides (Link) Thell.) is a diploid wheat species from the Near East that has been classified as an ancestor of the first cultivated wheat (einkorn; T. monococcum L. ssp. monococcum). Its genome (Am), although it is not the donor of the A genome in polyploid wheat, shows high similarity to the Au genome. An important characteristic for wheat improvement is grain quality, which is associated with three components of the wheat grain: endosperm storage proteins (gluten properties), starch synthases (starch characteristics) and puroindolines (grain hardness). In the current study, these grain quality traits were studied in one collection of wild einkorn with the objective of evaluating its variability with respect to these three traits. The combined use of protein and DNA analyses allows detecting numerous variants for each one of the following genes: six for Ax, seven for Ay, eight for Wx, four for Gsp-1, two for Pina and three for Pinb. The high variability presence in this species suggests its potential as a source of novel alleles that could be used in modern wheat breeding

Allelic Variation of Puroindolines Genes in Iranian Common Wheat Landraces

Wheat is one of the most widely grown crops in the world. One of the traits that defines wheat quality is grain hardness, which is determined by puroindolines (PINA and PINB) proteins encoded with Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 genes. In this study, the diversity of Pina-D1 and Pinb-D1 was evaluated in a collection of 271 Iranian common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) landraces, whose kernels had previously been classified as hard or semi-hard based on PSI analysis. Three alleles previously described as associated with hard grain were detected in the collection: Pinb-D1b in 11 accessions, Pinb-d1ab in 175 accessions, and Pinb-d1p in 80 accessions. In addition, a novel allele tentatively named Pinb-d1ak was detected in Pinb-D1 and was characterized by a change at position 140 of the deduced protein (cysteine/tyrosine). On average, the accessions with this allele showed a lower PSI value than the accessions with other Pin allele. This means that this novel allele may be associated with harder grains than other Pin alleles and could be used by breeding programs targeting different grain hardness levels. This study highlights the importance of conserving and characterizing wheat genetic resources that could be used as sources of genetic variability in breeding programs

Degradación biológica de lignina presente en residuos de nopal para la obtención de celulosa

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo el desarrollo de un proceso biotecnológico para la obtención de celulosa. A partir de la fermentación de espinas de Opuntia ficus-indica proveniente del Residuo Agroindustrial generado en la Delegación Milpa Alta, Ciudad de México. El microorganismo Fycnoporus cinnabarinus realizó la fermentación en un biorreactor homogéneo. En este trabajo se evalúo la eficiencia de la deslignificación, bajo diferentes condiciones de operación: pH de 4 y 6, temperatura de 30 ºC y 50 ºC, y un tamaño de partícula de 0.075 mm y 0.25 mm. La deslignificación de la materia prima se evaluó mediante espectroscopia IR. Además se determinaron durante las fermentaciones las concentraciones de biomasa y azúcares reductores totales, empleando el reactivo de Bradford y el método del ácido 3, 5- Dinitrosalicílico (DNS) respectivamente.The objective of this work was the development of a biotechnological process to obtain cellulose. From the fermentation of Opuntiajicus-indica thorns from the Agroindustrial Residue generated in the Milpa Alta Delegation, Mexico City. The microorganism Fycnoporus cinnabarinus carried out the fermentation in a homogeneous bioreactor. In this work the efficiency of the delignification was evaluated, under different operating conditions: pH of 4 and 6, temperature of 30 ºC and 50 ºC, and a particle size ofü.074 mm and 0.25 mm. The delignification ofthe waste was evaluated by IR spectroscopy. In addition, the concentrations of biomass and total reducing carbohydrates were determined during the fermentations, using the Bradford reagent and the 3, 5- Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, respectively

Characterization of patients diagnosed with vulvar lichen sclerosus

Introducción: el liquen escleroso vulvar es una dermatosis inflamatoria crónica y progresiva, infradiagnosticada y subtratada, con tendencia a la malignización. El diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento precoz son fundamentales.Objetivo: caracterizar las pacientes con diagnóstico de liquen escleroso vulvar.  Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, de serie de casos. La muestra coincide con el universo por lo que el muestreo fue no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se incluyeron las mujeres con liquen escleroso vulvar, atendidas en el municipio Chambas desde enero de 2015 hasta septiembre de 2022, se excluyeron las pacientes con historias clínicas incompletas. Como medida de resumen de la información se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas (porcentaje).Resultados: existió predominio del grupo de edades 60 – 69 años (66,7 %) y color de piel blanca (71,4 %). El 52,4 % perteneció al área Julio Castillo. La media de edad fue de 64,8±6,217 años. El prurito vulvar e hipopigmentación estuvieron presentes en el 100 % de las pacientes. El 61,9 % de las mujeres desarrollaron una neoplasia vulvar intraepitelial diferenciada. En el 48,2 % de los casos el tiempo de evolución fue mayor de tres años. Recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico el 71,4 %.Conclusiones: la enfermedad predominó en la tercera edad; la hipopigmentación y el prurito vulvar fueron una constante en las pacientes estudiadas, la mayoría desarrolló una neoplasia intraepitelial vulvar diferenciada con más de tres años de evolución de las lesiones y el tratamiento quirúrgico fue la conducta más aplicada.Introduction: Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic and progressive inflammatory dermatosis, underdiagnosed and undertreated, with a tendency to malignancy. Timely diagnosis and early treatment are essential.Objective: To characterize patients with a diagnosis of vulvar lichen sclerosus attended in the health areas of Chambas municipality, Ciego de Avila.Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, case series study was conducted. The sample coincides with the universe so the sampling was intentional non-probabilistic. Women with vulvar lichen sclerosus, treated in Chambas municipality from January 2015 to September 2022, were included, patients with incomplete medical histories were excluded. Absolute and relative frequencies (percentage) were used as a summary measure.Results: There was a predominance of the age group 60-69 years (66,7 %) and white skin color (71,4 %). 52,4 % belonged to the white group. The 52,4 % belonged to the Julio Castillo area. The mean age was 64,8±6,217 years. Vulvar pruritus and hypopigmentation were present in 100 % of the patients. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia developed in 61,9 % of the women. In 48,2 % of the cases the time of evolution was longer than three years. They received surgical treatment 71,4 %.Conclusions: The disease predominated in the elderly; Hypopigmentation and vulvar pruritus were a constant in the patients studied, most developed a differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with more than three years of evolution of the lesions and surgical treatment was the most applied behavior

La Gestión Integral de Riesgos de Desastres en El Salvador, su institucionalización, compromisos y avances, a partir de la Adopción de los Marcos Internacionales de HYOGO y SENDAL, periodo 2011-2016.

Contexto histórico de la gestión de riesgos de desastres – Avances en la gestión de riesgos de desastres y los nuevos compromisos internacionales del país – Fortalecimiento institucional en la gestión integral de riesgo de desastres

Relationship between commonly defined metabolic health phenotypes and obesity with lung function in a working population: A cross-sectional study

Background: Four phenotypes relate metabolism and obesity: metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) people with obesity and metabolically healthy (MHNO) and unhealthy (MUNO) people without obesity. No studies have addressed the association between these categories and lung function in the working population. Objectives: The aim was to determine the relationship of phenotypes to lung ageing as measured by lung age and its relationship to lung dysfunction. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a working population. The outcome variable was lung function assessed by lung age. The four phenotypes of obesity and metabolic health (MHNO, MHO, MUO and MUNO) were determined using NCEP-ATP III criteria. Lung dysfunctions were classified into restrictive, obstructive, and mixed patterns. Results: The mean age of the participants was 43.7 years, ranging from 18 to 67 years. Of the 1860 workers, 51.3 % were women. The prevalences found were 71.4 %, 12 %, 10.6 % and 6 % for MHNO, MUO, MHO, and MUNO, respectively. MHO (β = 0.66; p = 0.591) was not associated with increased lung ageing compared with MHNO, but MUO (β = 7.1; p < 0.001) and MUNO (β = 6.6; p < 0.001) were. Concerning pulmonary dysfunctions, MUNO (OR = 1.93; p < 0.001) and MUO (OR = 2.91; p < 0.001) were found to be related to the presence of a restrictive pattern, and MUNO (OR = 2.40; p = 0.028) to the mixed pattern. Conclusion: The results show that metabolic abnormalities, not obesity, are responsible for premature lung ageing and, therefore, lung function decline. In our study, having obesity without metabolic abnormality was not significantly associated with the presence of dysfunctional respiratory patterns