Amenaza en el ciberespacio: ciberdelitos sexuales contra menores. En especial los delitos de Online Child Grooming y Sexting

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo el análisis de los ciberdelitos sexuales contra menores, en especial el delito de Online Child Grooming o ciberacoso sexual a menores y el delito de Sexting regulados en el artículo 183 ter 1 y 2 del Código Penal, respectivamente. Actualmente, cada vez son más los menores que hacen uso de Internet y las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación sin control alguno, y sin ser conscientes de los peligros que se pueden encontrar detrás de las pantallas de sus móviles u ordenadores. De esta forma, se ha abierto un amplio abanico de posibilidades para los depredadores sexuales, ya que estos medios tecnológicos les permiten, no solo beneficiarse del anonimato, sino también poder contactar de forma más rápida y sencilla con sus posibles víctimas menores de edad. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo es concienciar sobre la existencia de esta mala praxis que pone en riesgo a todos los menores de edad, así como las medidas necesarias para prevenir este tipo de ciberdelitos de naturaleza sexual

The Use of P63 Immunohistochemistry for the Identification of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

6 páginas, 2 figuras, 3 tablas.Introduction While some targeted agents should not be used in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), other agents might preferably target SCCs. In a previous microarray study, one of the top differentially expressed genes between adenocarcinomas (ACs) and SCCs is P63. It is a well-known marker of squamous differentiation, but surprisingly, its expression is not widely used for this purpose. Our goals in this study were (1) to further confirm our microarray data, (2) to analize the value of P63 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in reducing the number of large cell carcinoma (LCC) diagnoses in surgical specimens, and (3) to investigate the potential of P63 IHC to minimize the proportion of “carcinoma NOS (not otherwise specified)” in a prospective series of small tumor samples. Methods With these goals in mind, we studied (1) a tissue-microarray comprising 33 ACs and 99 SCCs on which we performed P63 IHC, (2) a series of 20 surgically resected LCCs studied for P63 and TTF-1 IHC, and (3) a prospective cohort of 66 small thoracic samples, including 32 carcinoma NOS, that were further classified by the result of P63 and TTF-1 IHC. Results The results in the three independent cohorts were as follows: (1) P63 IHC was differentially expressed in SCCs when compared to ACs (p<0.0001); (2) half of the 20 (50%) LCCs were positive for P63 and were reclassified as SCCs; and (3) all P63 positive cases (34%) were diagnosed as SCCs. Conclusions P63 IHC is useful for the identification of lung SCCs.This work was partially funded by grants from Fundacion Mutua Madrileña to EC, FLR, and LPA; CIBER Respiratory Disease to ALE (ISCIII-CB06/06); and Red Temática de Investigacion Cooperativa en Cancer (RTICC) to MSC (RD06/0020/0062). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells into Peripheral Blood for Autologous Transplantation Seems Less Efficacious in Poor Mobilizers with the Use of a Biosimilar of Filgrastim and Plerixafor: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis

Introduction: Biosimilars of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF) have shown similar efficacy to originator filgrastim (Neupogen® [NEU]; Amgen Inc.) as prophylaxis in neutropenia and in the mobilization of stem cells in patients receiving combination chemotherapy with G-CSF. Methods: This was a retrospective study in which the characteristics of stem cell mobilization treated with a G-CSF alone were compared in 216 patients and 56 donors. The two G-CSF compared were NEU and the biosimilar filgrastim Zarzio® (Sandoz GmbH) (referred to hereafter as BIO). Primary objectives were mobilization rate (minimum of 10 × 103/ml CD34+ on day 4 of treatment [day +4]) and use of the immunostimulant plerixafor (PLEX) in each group. Results: The general characteristics of the patients receiving NEU (n = 138) and those receiving BIO (n = 78) did not differ significantly. PLEX was used in 24% of BIO patients and in 25.7% of NEU patients. The median CD34+ cell count on day +4 was significantly lower in BIO patients who needed PLEX than in those who did not (2.4 vs. 4.8 × 103/ml; p = 0.002), as was the final CD34+ cell count (2.5 vs. 3.3 × 106/kg; p 0.03). Mobilization failure rate was higher in the BIO group than in the NEU group (20 vs. 0%; p = 0.01). With respect to donors, more than one apheresis was needed in three BIO donors, one of them with PLEX. The use of BIO was the only risk factor for mobilization failure in patients who needed PLEX (hazard ratio 10.3; 95% confidence interval 1.3-77.8). Conclusion: The study revealed that BIO had a lower efficacy for stem cell mobilization when the only treatment was G-CSF, especially in poor mobilizers needing PLEX

Prospective phase II trial of extended treatment with rituximab in patients with B-cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

Background and Objectives The elective treatment of patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders is controversial. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with extended doses of rituximab adapted to the response in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation. Design and Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, phase 11 trial. Patients were treated with reduction of immunosuppression and four weekly infusions of rituximab. Those patients who did not achieve complete remission (CR) received a second course of four rituximab infusions. The primary end-point of the study was the CR rate. Results Thirty-eight patients were assesable. One episode of grade 4 neutropenia was the only severe adverse event observed. After the first course of rituximab, 13 (34.2%) patients achieved CR, 8 patients did not respond, and 17 patients achieved partial remission. Among those 17 patients, 12 could be treated with a second course of rituximab, and 10 (83.3%) achieved CR, yielding an intention-to-treat CR rate of 60.5%. Eight patients excluded from the trial because of absence of CR were treated with rituximab combined with chemotherapy, and six (75%) achieved CR. Event-free survival was 42% and overall survival was 47% at 27.5 months. Fourteen patients died, ten of progression of their post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Interpretation and Conclusions These results confirm that extended treatment with rituximab can obtain a high rate of CR in patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after solid organ transplantation without increasing toxicity, and should be recommended as initial therapy for these patients

Carcinoma bronquioloalveolar en España: un cáncer de pulmón infrecuente y diferente

Objetivo: Describir una serie de casos de carcinoma bronquioloalveolar (CBA) tratados quirúrgicamente por los 19 hospitales del Grupo Cooperativo de Carcinoma Broncogénico de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (GCCB-S) entre 1993 y 1997. Pacientes y métodos: Del total de 2.944 casos de carcinoma broncogénico no microcítico (CBNM), 82 (3%) eran CBA. Se compararon las características clínicas y el pronóstico de los CBA con los de los restantes 2.862 CBNM. Resultados: Los CBA ocurren menos frecuentemente en varones (el 64,6 frente al 93,5%; p = 0,001), tienen menos comorbilidad en general (el 50 frente al 62%; p < 0,05) y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en particular (el 33 frente al 47,2%; p < 0,05). Otras características con diferencias significativas son la mayor frecuencia de que el CBA sea un hallazgo casual y la menor probabilidad de que en el momento del diagnóstico exista historia de pérdida de peso o peor estado clínico. Por estadios clínicos, la clasificación Ic es significativamente más frecuente en los CBA (el 87 frente al 75%; p = 0,001), diferencia que se incrementa en la estadificación Ip (el 68,5 frente al 47%; p < 0,01). Considerando la población de CBNM con resección completa en estadio Ip, y una vez excluida la mortalidad operatoria, los CBA presentan una supervivencia global a los 5 años del 65% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 51-79%), significativamente superior al resto de CBNM no CBA, en que es del 53% (IC del 95%, 50-56%) (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: En España, entre los casos de cáncer de pulmón operado, el CBA es muy infrecuente (3%) y presenta características clínicas diferentes del resto de los CBNM. Controlando con los factores pronósticos más básicos (estadio Ip y resección completa), la supervivencia del CBA es significativamente superior