Just Security and the Crisis of Global Governance

Pursuing security and justice jointly in global governance will be vital to human progress in the twenty-first century. Humanity lives and operates simultaneously in three spaces critical to contemporary life and governance: public, transactional and ecological. Failures in one space can cascade into others. Managing them so as to avoid such failures is an essential function of global governance. Public space is the home of governance (formal and informal) and of rights-exercising groups and individuals enjoying areas maintained for common use. Civil society fully exercising its basic human rights is essential to a well-functioning state, and well-functioning states are critical supporting elements in the present architecture of global governance. Wherever states are fragile or torn by conflict, they become fracture points in that architecture. Transactional space – the realm of trade, finance, and other markets and networks, especially digital – has experienced explosive growth in the last two decades. The new global economy is marked by openness and low costs of communication and transport but also greater vulnerability to, and opportunity for, transnational crime. Both of these spaces depend, in turn, on ecological space, the planet-wide system of systems that influence one another and set the background conditions for human life and civilisation. In none of these spaces are current tools and institutions of global governance up to the challenges they face. Mass violence in fragile states, cross-border economic shocks and cyber attacks, and the threat of runaway climate change threaten the public, transactional and ecological spaces of human existence. Getting global-governance reform right, however, will require paying close attention to the provision not just of security, but also of justice – and seeing to it that the two are mutually reinforcing.Article / Letter to editorLeiden University College The Hagu

United Nations Police Evolution, Present Capacity and Future Tasks

政治学 / Political Science and International RelationsUnited Nations policing in the context of peace operations evolved rapidly during the 1990s after three decades of serving as a minor adjunct to the principal, military, purposes of UN peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, UN policing became a recognized component of operations, but lacked doctrine, administrative structure, quality assurance in recruitment or adequate training. Each is being addressed with some urgency at present, as UN police deployments head toward 15,000 officers. Although Headquarters police support capacity has grown, the United Nations still has proportionately far fewer people at Headquarters supporting deployed personnel than do developed states, such as Australia, that deploy international police contingents. The objectives of UN police operations meanwhile remain a matter of debate: to stabilize post-conflict public security while others rebuild local police capacity or to engage actively in capacity-building and associated institutional reform. UN police support programs need to partner with development institutions that can offer the budget support for local infrastructure, equipment, and salaries that UN peacekeeping budgets cannot fund. UN programs also may need to take more account of extensive “informal” justice and security institutions in many of the post-conflict states where they work.Prepared for the GRIPS State Building Workshop 2010: Organizing Police Forces in Post-Conflict Peace-Support Operations, January 27-28th, 201

Open-Access-Policy der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)

Die Universität ermutigt ihre Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler, in ihrer Eigenschaft als Gutachter oder Herausgeber den Übergang renommierter wissenschaftlicher Zeitschriften in Open-Access-Geschäftsmodelle zu unterstützen. Die FAU ist bestrebt, die Ergebnisse öffentlich geförderter Forschung weltweit ohne Beschränkungen dauerhaft verfügbar zu machen. Zugleich soll die Autonomie der Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler bei der Wahrnehmung ihrer Rechte gestärkt werden. Unmittelbare Ziele der Open Access Strategie der FAU sind die Verbesserung der Sichtbarkeit des wissenschaftlichen Wirkens ihrer Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler und die Steigerung des Impacts. Diesen Zielen dient diese Policy

Advancing the Frontier of Peacekeeping Research

The impact of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping on conflict has received a sustained amount of attention in the empirical literature. The advent of new data on UN peacekeeping and new temporal units of analysis have enabled researchers to expand the frontiers of peacekeeping research and undertake a more nuanced examination of peacekeeping effectiveness. In this special section, a series of articles examine how UN peacekeeping affects different types of violence within conflicts and leads to different types of peaceful outcomes. Factors such as the cultural affinity between peacekeepers and local communities, the size of peacekeeping operations and the specific composition of UN forces are shown to be important variables associated with lower levels of casualties and violence and also a higher likelihood of mediation and timely peaceful settlements in civil wars. In the aggregate, these articles suggest that robust peacekeeping is associated with better outcomes in many stages of conflict

Hinweise zu Erkennung, Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19

Die Pandemie durch das neue Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 stellt unser gesamtes Gesundheitssystem vor große Herausforderungen. Trotz der globalen Forschungsanstrengungen bestehen weiterhin erhebliche Wissenslücken in Bezug auf die durch das Virus verursachte Erkrankung COVID-19. Die Evidenzgrundlage verändert sich kontinuierlich, sodass eine regelmäßige Aktualisierung der Inhalte dieses Dokumentes sowie die ergänzenden verlinkten Quellen erfolgt. Daher sollte dieses Dokument auch nur in seiner jeweils letzten Fassung Anwendung finden. Ziel des Dokuments ist es, Hinweise zum Umgang mit COVID-19-Patienten zu geben und vorhandene weiterführende Dokumente zur besseren Übersicht zu bündeln

Rethinking global cooperation: three new frameworks for collective action in an age of uncertainty

In 2022, the growing impacts of climate change have been felt across the globe, from prolonged drought in the Middle East and North Africa, to erratic monsoons in South Asia and record-breaking heat waves in Europe and China. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic—which reached the tragic milestone of one million deaths within the first eight months of this year—and the ongoing war in Ukraine and other violent conflicts have impeded global progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. To address these and other pressing global challenges, in his 2021 Out Common Agenda report, UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for a Summit of the Future to improve collective action worldwide. Among the summit’s anticipated outcomes are a Declaration on Future Generations, a Global Digital Compact, and a New Agenda for Peace. This report elaborates on the challenges, proposed major elements, and potential spoilers to be overcome by each of these global policy frameworks. It further argues that meaningful civil society engagement in the summit’s preparations can reassure all stakeholders that decisions taken in September 2023 are well-informed, enjoy broad social ownership, and generate a sense of co-responsibility in supporting their implementation.FdR – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde

Road to 2023: our common agenda and the pact for the future

Fears of rising conflict, new COVID-19 variants, irreversible climate change, and eroding collaboration in the global economy threaten to undermine the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other efforts to advance human progress. Yet, a once-in-a-generation opportunity to review and dramatically improve global tools for managing such enormous challenges, a Summit of the Future, is under serious consideration for September 2023 by the United Nations’ 193 Member States. Informed by research and policy dialogues—initially undertaken for the Albright-Gambari Commission and its follow-through, and most recently to help flesh out key proposals in the Secretary-General’s seminal report, Our Common Agenda—this report’s twenty main recommendations are intended to encourage more ambitious, forward-looking thinking and deliberation on global governance renewal and innovation in the run-up to next year’s Summit.FdR – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde