Performance bond : conditional or unconditional

In construction contracts, a 'performance bond' is a bond taken out by the contractor, usually with a bank or insurance company (in return for payment of a premium), for the benefit of and at the request of the employer, in a stipulated maximum sum of liability and enforceable by the employer in the event of the contractor's default, repudiation or insolvency, as stated by Nigel M Robinson et. al. in his book, Construction Law in Singapore and Malaysia. He further added that there are two types of performance bonds: Conditional bond or default bond, whereby the surety accepts 'joint and several' responsibility for the performance of the contractor's obligations under the contract; and Unconditional bond or on-demand bond, which is a covenant by the surety (usually a bank) to indemnify the employer following contractor's default, subject to stated terms and up to a sum commonly 5% of the main contract sum. However, in Malaysia, for the past 20 years and since the famous case of Teknik Cekap Sdn Bhd v Public Bank Berhad [1995] 3 MLJ 449 to the recent Suharta Development Sdn Bhd v United Overseas Bank (M) Bhd & Anor [2005] 2 MLJ 762, the question of whether the performance bond in a construction contract is a conditional or an unconditional guarantees is still one of the issues relating to performance bond that has been discussed. Thus, in order to determine the types of performance bond applicable in a contract, a thorough understanding of the content of the bond is required. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the phrase(s) in the Performance Bond in a construction contract that determine whether the performance bond is a conditional or unconditional on demand guarantee. In order to achieve this objective, the research was conducted by analyzing relevant court cases. From the findings, it can be concluded that unless an undisputed meaning of the words in the performance bond to make the performance bond to be purely conditional or unconditional 'on-demand' bond, most court interpreted performance bond to be an on-demand performance bond which is only conditional upon the beneficiary asserting the basis of the claim upon the issuer of the bond contending that there has been breach of contract

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING PADA PERSAMAAN DAN FUNGSI KUADRAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI KELAS XI TIA SMKN 2 BOGOR

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Persamaan dan Fungsi Kuadrat di kelas XI TIA SMK  Negeri 2  Kota Bogor. (2) untuk menggambarkan proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Persamaan dan Fungsi Kuadrat di kelas XI TIA SMK  Negeri 2  Kota Bogor.(3) untuk mengukur besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang Persamaan dan Fungsi Kuadrat di kelas XI TIA SMK  Negeri 2  Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di Kelas XI TIA SMK  Negeri 2 Kota Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) hasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 58,71 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) menjadi 79,57 pada siklus 1 dan 84,86 pada siklus 2, sehingga Penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang disesuaikan dengan  materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik

Gambaran Umum Mekanisme Koping Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat III AKPER Kesdam I/BB Binjai Dalam Melaksanakan PBL

Mekanisme koping adalah tiap upaya yang diarahkan pada penatalaksanaan stress, termasuk upaya penyelesaian masalah langsung dan mekanis mepertahanan yang digunakan untuk melindungi diri.(Stuart dan Sundeen, 1998). Untuk mencapai kemampuan tersebut harus dirancang strategi belajar mengajar dalam bentuk pengalaman belajar praktek laboratorium dan pengalaman belajar praktek klinik keperawatan. Berdasarkan penggolongannya mekanisme koping dibagi menjadi dua yaitu :Mekanisme koping adaptif, dan maladaptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum mekanisme koping pada mahasiswa Program Studi D III Keperawatan Akper Kesdam I/BB Binjai dalam melaksanakan praktik belajar lapangan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sample adalah menggunakan teknik “Total Sampling”dengan jumlah 67 orang. Cara mengumpulkan data adalah dengan menyebarkan kuisioner tentang gambaran umum mekanisme koping. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 42 orang (63%) mahasiswa yang menggunakan mekanisme koping adaptif dan mahasiswa yang menggunakan mekanisme koping maladaptif yaitu 25 orang (37%). Diharapkan kepada mahasiswa tingkat III agar dapat mengatur dan membagi waktu dalam melaksanakan tugas di  dalam kelas dan saat praktik belajar lapanga

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sains Di Kelas V Dengan Metode Berbasis Masalah Dan Kooperative Learning SDN 022 Sebulu

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA, melalui model pembelajaran Berbasismasalah dan pembelajaran kooprative, pada pokok bahasan pengerjaan Gaya. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri 022 Sebulu, dengan jumlah siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran sebanyak 40 orang. Sedangkan objek penelitian adalah model pembelajaran berbasisi masalah, pada pokok bahasan Gaya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, pemberian tugas, dan tes hasil belajar. Tes hasil belajar dilaksanakan pada setiap akhir siklus. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga siklus, tiap siklus terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan mutu proses KBM dan peningkatan rata-rata nilai kelas 72.59, meningkat pada siklus 2 menjadi 77.16, dan pada siklus 3 meningkat lagi menjadi 83.87. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Berbasisi masalah dapat meningkatkan mutu proses dan hasil belajar SAINS siswa pada pokok bahasan pengerjaan Gaya, pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 022 Sebulu

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika Materi Aritmetika Sosial dan Aktivitas Belajar melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving

This study aims to: (1) improve the mathematics learning outcomes of Social Arithmetic material;(2) Improving student learning activities through problem solving learning models in class VII A of SMP Negeri 4 Ungaran. Classroom action research was conducted at SMP Negeri 4 Ungaran January-March 2019. Research subjects: 33 grade VII A students. Research results: (1) The application of problem solving learning models can improve mathematics learning outcomes. In the initial learning conditions, the average value was 63.83 with 38.46% learning completeness in the first cycle the average value was 68.59 with 56.41% learning completeness. In the second cycle the average value increased to 84.94 with a learning completeness of 87.18%. The average increase in learning outcomes is 16.35 and an increase in learning completeness is 30.77%. (2) The application of problem solving learning models can increase students' learning activities. Active learning of students in the first cycle 84.62% in the second cycle increased to 92.31%. The increase in student activity is 7.69%.Keywords: Activity, Problem Solving Learning Mode

LANGUAGE POWER IN COURTROOM: THE USE OF PERSUASIVE FEATURES IN OPENING STATEMENT

Language is a powerful tool for communication that many people can use for persuasion. In the courtroom, for example, lawyers use language to persuade the jury that their client is right and should win the case. Though many studies have discussed this issue, how language becomes powerful in the trial opening statement remains underresearched. For this reason, this study addresses a textual analysis on the patterns of language used by a lawyer in the opening statement. Such analysis provides a solid understanding of how language can become persuasive in the courtroom. The data source of this study were taken from the text of the Opening Statement by O.J. Simpson’s Defense Lawyer (Walraven, 1995). Although this text does not seem new regarding the publication date and some articles have discussed this, it is a seminal work, which can represent the construction of language power in the opening statment. To analyse the data collected from this text, the researcher adopted the model developed by Miles and Huberman (1994). This study firstly explores the overview of opening stetement persuasive features. In addition, it presents the finding and discussion which reveal that language power in the courtroom can be reflected in some persuasive features such as metaphor, repetition, and rhetorical question as found in the text of Opening Statements by O.J. Simpson’s Defense Lawyer

Konteks Organisasi, Teknologi Informasi dan Kapabilitas Knowledge Sharing Pegawai di PT PLN (Persero) Area Palembang

Rapid changes in the information age indirectly require reforms in the public sector. The public sector must continue to improve, one of which is through the creation of innovation. Innovation in the public sector is carried out through the creation of ideas that cannot be separated from the knowledge sharing process. Knowledge sharing is important for organizations considering the nature of knowledge which is complementary and no single individual masters all fields of knowledge. Unfortunately, not many public agencies have implemented knowledge management properly through the use of information technology by considering organizational culture and the type of organizational structure. The purpose of this study was to examine how the influence of internalization of organizational culture and functional organizational structure on knowledge sharing capability at PT. PLN (Persero) Palembang Area by including information technology as an intervening variable. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using a questionnaire as primary data. The sample used in this study is a census sample so that the entire population is used as research respondents. The results showed that the use of information technology mediates the effect of internalization of organizational culture on knowledge sharing capabilities but does not mediate the effect of functional organizational structures on knowledge sharing capabilities. Based on these findings, the suggestions given by the researcher are: maximizing the use of information technology while maintaining a conducive organizational culture and climate for increasing knowledge sharing capabilities

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSEPSI MUTU PELAYANAN PENGOBATAN DENGAN KEPUASAN PASIEN DI BALAI KESEHATAN KARYAWAN ROKOK KUDUS

Tujuan  umum  penelitian  ini  adalah  menganalisis hubungan antara  persepsi  mutu pelayanan  pengobatan  dengan  kepuasan  pasien  di Balai Kesehatan  Karyawan  Rokok Kudus (BKKRK),  Populasi  penelitian  adalah  pasien  rawat jalan di poli umum pengobatan pada  BKKRK  selama  bulan  April 2008 dengan  perhitungan rata-ratajumlah pasien  poli umum  BKKRK buln  Januari  - Maret  2008 sebanyak  4.248 orang.   Jumlah perhitungan sampel ditentukan  dengan perhitungan menurut rumus Slovin 3 Berdasarkan  perhitungan  diketahui  bahwa besar  sampel adalah  100  responden. Data  dianalisis dengan analisis  bivariat dan multivariat.  hasil penelitian  dari  analisis Data menyimpulkam  sebagai berikut. persepsi  mutu pelayanan dokter  dengan cukup baik (37,0%), mulu  pelayanan  perawatan  dengan tidak  baik (41,0%),  mutu petugas administrasi  cukup baik (41.0%),  mutu  keadaan  lingkungan  tidak baik  (39,0%),  dan mutu  sarana  peralatan  dan obat  dengan tidak  baik (45,0%). Puas terhadap  pelayanan dokter  (69,0%),  perawat (7 4,0 %), petugas  administrasi  (69,0%), keadaan  lingkungan (77,0%), sarana  peralatan dan  obat  (84,0%), dan terhadap pelayanan  pengobatan  di BKKRK  (8I  ,0%). Terdapat  hubungan antara persepsi pasien  terhadap  mutu pelayanan dokter dengan  kepuasan  pasien  terhadap  pelayanan pengobatan  di BKKRK  (x2 = 8,913 % p = 0,012),  hubungan  antara persepsi  pasien terhadap  mutu  pelayanan  perawat  dengan kepuasan  pasien  terhadap  pelayanan pengobatan  di BKKRK (x2 = 10,409;  p = 0,005), hubungan  antara persepsi  pasien terhadap  mutu  pelayanan  petugas  administrasi  dengan kepuasan  pasien  terhadap  pelayanan  pengobatan  di BKKRK  (x2 = 8,647;  p = 0,013), hubungan  antara  persepsi  pasien terhadap  mutu  keadaan lingkungan  dengan  kepuasan pasien  terhadap  pelayanan  pengobatan  di BKKRK  (x2 = 9,390 ; p = 0,009 ), dan terdapat hubungan  antara perse psi pasien terhadap  mutu  sarana  peralatan  dan obat dengankepuasan  pasien  terhadap  pelayanan  pengobatan  di BKKRK  (x, = 12,045; p = 0,002) Kata  kunci  : persepesi  mutu, pelayanan  pengobatan,  kepuasan  pasie

PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI TERHADAP CITRA PRODUK PADA PT. DJOJONEGORO C-1000

The purpose of the study was to determine the promotional mix containing advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal sales and direct marketing of product images as well as major considerations related to the promotion of advertising mix, sales promotion, public relations, personal sales and direct marketing of product images. Respondents in this study were 50 people based on the sampling technique carried out on a non probability sampling by incidental sampling technique with a population of 500 people. The research method used is Descriptive and Associative Method, which discusses using Spearman rank analysis and testing hypotheses, with t-test, besides that also conducted Reliability test to find out in testing and testing the Validity to find out how to use data correctly. Promotion, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, Personal Sales, and Direct Marketing based on classification fall into the very good category with an average in a good category with a weighting average of 234. which is quite strong between the promotion mix that includes advertising, sales promotion, relationships community, personal sales and direct marketing of product images, with a resistance coefficient = 0.468. From the calculation results it can be seen that the Determination coefficient = 82%, and the results of the t-test for the two-party test at a significance level of α = 5% obtained the value of t count greater than the price of t table (3,668> 1,996), then Ho is accepted and Ha is accepted . This shows an increase in the mix of promotions that add advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal sales and direct marketing has also increased the product image