Food security problems and imperatives of the North Caucasus macro-region subjects

This article concerns the analysis of food security in the North Caucasian macro-region. Any State is faced the challenge to provide safe food of domestic production to its population. This task is particularly relevant due to the emergence of a series of challenges and threats for country food sovereignty and its solution is impossible without active state support. The subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District have been selected as objects for this research. To identify the problems in country food security, the authors analyzed the global rating «The Global Food Security Index" of the world's states. The authors also studied the internal and the external, economic and political objective and subjective factors and the potential for food security of macro-region. The authors analyzed the dynamics of development of the main types of agricultural production, the self-reliance level and production of basic foods, norms and actual food consumption. The authors show that with current sanctions and Russian anti-sanctions, there is a possibility of significant increase in agricultural production. The article draws conclusions on the significant differentiation of population per capita incomes by regions of the country and consumption of staple food. This study made it possible to identify the main problems and their impact on current Agro-Food market of the Russian Federation. The study recommends measures to strengthen food security by operational regional monitoring and by defining the evaluation indicators system of the level of food security comparable to systems at the international level.peer-reviewe

Experimental Study of the Effect of Composite Solvent and Asphaltenes Contents on Efficiency of Heavy Oil Recovery Processes at Injection of Light Hydrocarbons

The current state of research in the field of solvent injection techniques for increase of heavy oil production efficiency is discussed in the chapter. As a result of a series of experiments on the physical modeling of oil displacement processes in a porous medium in large-sized model, features of asphaltene precipitation and the formation of fixed residual oil upon injection of solvent based on light alkanes are revealed. The oil displacement by n-hexane was studied and the difference in the composition of residual oil in the zones of dispersion and diffusion has been shown. The influence of the composition of asphaltenes peculiarities on the dynamics of oil recovery and on the accumulated oil recovery during the injection of n-hexane, as well as the composition and quantity of asphaltenes precipitated in the porous medium, has been estimated. The effect of toluene and nonylphenol additives on the proportion of asphaltenes in the residual oil and cumulative oil recovery has been evaluated using the Ashalchinskoye field oil as an example of heavy oil in the physical modeling of injection of n-hexane as the base solvent

Oil production from local oil

Acids in oil are one of the raw materials needed to prevent corrosion in the oil industry, as well as raw materials needed for the extraction of oil. In this case, the fractions of the oil acids are first separated and the oils in the various cyclic compounds are extracted from them. Oil acids are widely used in the most important sectors of the economy; The annual industrial demand for naphthenic acids is several times higher than their production. Despite the sharp deficit, a large part of the oil acids were lost in the refineries. Therefore, research on the discovery of sources of petroleum acids is urgent, and it is necessary to study the detailed composition of natural oil acids, which are separated from the high fat content in them

Isolation of Porphyrins from Heavy Oil Objects

The chapter describes the opportunities of extracting porphyrins by polar solvents (acetone, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropanol, and acetonitrile) and sulfuric acid from various highly molecular petroleum fractions and residues. It has been found that the predissolution of petroleum objects such as asphaltenes and resins in aromatic solvents allows improving the extraction of porphyrins by means of reducing their association with polycondensed heteroatomic structures. Based on the absorption spectra and mass spectra, primary types of porphyrins in obtained extracts were revealed. The distinctions between porphyrin extractions in resins and asphaltenes were revealed. Sulfuric acid extraction allows producing highly concentrated primary extracts of demetallated porphyrins. The share of porphyrin fractions in obtained extractions was 13.0–24.2 wt%, which depends on the concentration of metal porphyrins in initial asphaltenes and resins

Genome wide association mapping of grain arsenic, copper, molybdenum and zinc in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown at four international field sites

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Biodiversity of Mineral Nutrient and Trace Element Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

In order to grow on soils that vary widely in chemical composition, plants have evolved mechanisms for regulating the elemental composition of their tissues to balance the mineral nutrient and trace element bioavailability in the soil with the requirements of the plant for growth and development. The biodiversity that exists within a species can be utilized to investigate how regulatory mechanisms of individual elements interact and to identify genes important for these processes. We analyzed the elemental composition (ionome) of a set of 96 wild accessions of the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana grown in hydroponic culture and soil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of 17–19 elements were analyzed in roots and leaves from plants grown hydroponically, and leaves and seeds from plants grown in artificial soil. Significant genetic effects were detected for almost every element analyzed. We observed very few correlations between the elemental composition of the leaves and either the roots or seeds. There were many pairs of elements that were significantly correlated with each other within a tissue, but almost none of these pairs were consistently correlated across tissues and growth conditions, a phenomenon observed in several previous studies. These results suggest that the ionome of a plant tissue is variable, yet tightly controlled by genes and gene×environment interactions. The dataset provides a valuable resource for mapping studies to identify genes regulating elemental accumulation. All of the ionomic data is available at www.ionomicshub.org

Teaching Russian Language And Literature Based On Modern Technologies

This article states that teaching the Russian language and literature in a modern pandemic in a new way, without abandoning the traditional process with the help of modern technologies. In addition, methods of teaching the Russian language and literature based on pedagogical technologies in the process of distance learning were identified

Mathematical modelling of regulatory mechanisms of cell groups functioning at norm and at unregulated cell division

This paper presents a method for modeling organs and tissues based on the equations of the functional unit of organs and tissues (FUOT) and mathematical models for the main cellular functions: division, growth, differentiation, performance of specific functions, aging, apoptosis and natural death. The elements of FUOT are cells. The analysis shows that there are short circuits of regulation, which in specific realizations of cell development correspond to stable or partially stable cellular structures. This can occur as a normal phenomenon in the form of an adaptive response to stressful influences, and as an abnormal pathological condition. Such partial FUOT can be called minifuot. The study of the proliferative minifuot equations show the presence of a nonzero stable equilibrium position, and a stable limit cycle in the first quadrant. The results of these studies can be useful in studying the mechanisms of cell groups functioning at norm and at unregulated cell division

To Teach Students to Think Creatively in Etiquette Lessons

This article discusses the growing interest and attention to the use of pedagogical technologies in the educational process today, the study of each subject in primary education, which forms the basis of general secondary schools. The use of pedagogical technologies in the teaching process provides methodological recommendations on how to create the basis for deep learning of students