The relationship between employees' occupational self-efficacy and perceived transformational leadership-replication and extension of recent results

The relationship between transformational leadership and self-efficacy is not yet fully explained. Different hypotheses have been posed ranging from positive to negative relationships between the constructs. The aim of this study is to further clarify how transformational leadership and self-efficacy relate. In addition, this paper considers possible moderators of this relationship. Task demands and climate are tested as moderators of the relationship between transformational leadership and self-efficacy. Although the relationships between transformational leadership and self-efficacy are virtually zero in the correlational analysis, interaction effects of transformational leadership and task demands are found. In an overall analysis, task demands is the best predictor for self-efficacy

Is charisma hyper-romanticism? Empirical evidence from new data and a meta-analysis

In prior research, mixed results were obtained with respect to the relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. In this paper, we first present new studies originating from different contexts (students and employees) and different countries and, second, we meta-analyse these studies together with prior studies in order to shed light on the relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. In the meta-analysis, we considered the following moderators: field/employees vs. experimental/student samples, geographical region, and type of assessment of transformational leadership. The results indicate a positive relationship between Romance of Leadership and the perception of transformational leadership. Only the moderating effect of region of origin was significant. In line with social constructivism and information processing approaches of leadership, our results indicate that the perception of leadership comprises more than merely the actual behaviour the leader exhibits. Des résultats contradictoires ont été obtenus dans le passé en ce qui concerne la relation entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. Dans cet article, nous présentons d’abord de nouvelles recherches portant sur des populations différentes (des étudiants ou des salariés) provenant de plusieurs pays, puis dans un second temps nous effectuons une méta-analyse regroupant ces travaux et des études antérieures afin d’y voir plus clair dans la relation entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. On a, dans la méta-analyse, pris en considération les variables régulatrices suivantes: l’origine géographique des échantillons d’étudiants (travaux expérimentaux) ou de salariés (enquêtes sur le terrain) et le type d’évaluation du leadership transformationnel. Les résultats vont dans le sens d’une relation positive entre la Romance du Leadership et la perception du leadership transformationnel. Il n’y a que la région d’origine qui présente un effet régulateur significatif. Dans la continuité du constructivisme social et des travaux concevant le leadership comme un traitement de l’information, nos résultats indiquent que la perception du leadership dépasse le comportement observable du leader

The Willingness to Pay for Job Amenities: Evidence from Mothers' Return to Work

This study is the first to estimate mother's marginal willingness to pay (MWP) for job amenities directly. Its identification strategy relies on German maternity leave length. The key aspect of the maternal leave framework is that mothers can decide whether and when to return to their guaranteed job. Thus, in contrast to previous studies that analyze the job search of employed workers, this framework allows us to overcome the limitation of not observing the wage/amenity offer process. A theoretical model of the leave length decision is derived from a random utility approach. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and the Qualification and Career Survey, this model is estimated by a discrete duration method. The MWP for amenities can be inferred through the estimated elasticities of the leave length with respect to the amenities and the wage. The results provide evidence that mothers are willing to sacrifice a significant fraction of their wage to reduce hazards (22%) and to enjoy a flexible working schedule (36-56%)

Securely Attached, Strongly Committed? On the Influence of Attachment Orientations on Organizational Commitment

The paper at hand is the first that explores the notion of attachment orientations, i.e. attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance, influencing individual attachment towards an organization, i.e. employees' affective, normative and continuance commitment. Findings of a questionnaire survey reveal positive correlations of attachment anxiety with affective, normative and continuance commitment. Attachment avoidance in contrast was found to contribute only to the prediction of affective commitment. Reconsidered, our results imply low affective, normative and continuance commitment for secure employees, i.e. for employees low in anxiety and low in avoidance. Implications of the findings, regarding the question of whether organizations should abstain from the employment of secure workers, are discussed.Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die bislang unerforschte Annahme eines Einflusses von dispositioneller Bindungsangst und Bindungsvermeidung auf die Bindung an Arbeitsorganisationen, d.h. auf affektives, normatives und austauschbezogenes Commitment, untersucht. Ergebnisse aus einer Fragebogenuntersuchung belegen mittlere Zusammenhänge zwischen Bindungsangst und affektivem, normativem sowie austauschbezogenem Commitment, während Bindungsvermeidung sich nur in Bezug auf das affektive Commitment als signifikanter Prädiktor erweist. Umgekehrt betrachtet implizieren unsere Ergebnisse niedriges affektives, normatives und austauschbezogenes Commitment bei ArbeitnehmerInnen mit sicherer Bindung, d.h. bei ArbeitnehmerInnen mit niedriger Bindungsangst und niedrigerer Bindungsvermeidung. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen wird diskutiert, ob sicher gebundene ArbeitnehmerInnen die schlechteren ArbeitnehmerInnen sind und Organisationen daher besser beraten wären, Personen mit sicherer Bindung nicht einzustellen

Desarrollo infantil en uruguay : una aproximación a sus determinantes

Por último, el estudio efectuado por Katzkowicz y Querejeta (2017) también analiza el efecto de la asistencia escolar en el desarrollo infantil y muestra que la asistencia a centros educativos tiene efectos positivos en las distintas dimensiones del test ASQ-3, los cuales son más pronunciados para los niños pertenecientes a los quintiles de ingresos más altos. A partir de la estrategia empírica utilizada, se observa, en términos generales, qué características de los niños, características socioeconómicas del hogar, variables referentes a las madres durante el embarazo, variables respecto a los recién nacidos y prácticas de crianza, tienen un efecto positivo en los indicadores de ASQ-3 y CBCL para las distintas olas, y al considerar la varia-ción entre olas.The analysis of child development has become extremely important in recent years because of the influence it has throughout people's life cycle. This paper aims to provide evidence on the situation of early childhood in Uruguay by analyzing its characteristics and determinants. In order to carry out this study, a characterization of early childhood is conducted and different econometric models are applied to evaluate the determinants of child development. For this purpose, the ASQ-3 and CBCL tests collected by the National Child Development and Health Survey are used. In general terms, the characteristics of children and socioeconomic characteristics of households, variables referring to mothers during pregnancy and to newborns, and child-rearing practices have a positive effect on development. Early childhood policies are fundamental to contributing to adequate child development

Early Birds in Day Care: The Social Gradient in Starting Day Care and Children's Non-Cognitive Skills

In recent years, almost all children below school age in Western industrialized countries have some experience of attending day care institutions. However, the age at which children enter day care and therefore the overall time spent in day carevaries substantially. We investigate the potential impact of later day care entry on the social and emotional behaviour of children, one important aspect of non-cognitive skills. Based on the English sample of the Millennium Cohort Study, we analyse the effects on children's development at the age of five and seven, using propensity score techniques. We find clear evidence of effects on children's development at the age of seven: Later day care entry increases children's peer-problems and reduces prosocial behaviour. We find that boys with low educated mothers and from families with a household income below the poverty line are most strongly affected

Teaching Implicit Leadership Theories to develop leaders and leadership – How and why it can make a difference

Implicit leadership theories (ILTs) are lay images of leadership, which are individually and socially determined. We discuss how teaching ILTs contributes to developing leaders and leaderships by raising self- and social awareness for the contexts in which leadership takes place. We present and discuss a drawing exercise to illustrate different ILTs and discuss the implications for leaders and leadership, with a particular focus on how leaders claim, and are granted, leader identities in groups

Moving to an Earnings-Related Parental Leave System Do Heterogeneous Effects on Parents Make Some Children Worse Off?

Can moving to an earnings-related parental leave system influence children s well-being and are heterogeneous effects on parents carried over to the entire family, making special groups of children worse off than others? To answer this question, this study exploits a large and unanticipated parental leave reform in Germany as a natural experiment. By replacing a means-tested by an earnings-related system the reform affected different groups of families to a variable extent. I find significant negative effects on newborns personality, while 2-3-year-old children improve their basic life skills and language skills. The first effect is especially pronounced in families who would be subject to a non-positive change in the overall benefit amount compared to the pre-reform situation, the second one is rather driven by those coming out as the reform s winners

A question of fit:cultural and individual differences in interpersonal justice perceptions

This study examined the link between employees’ adult attachment orientations and perceptions of line managers’ interpersonal justice behaviors, and the moderating effect of national culture (collectivism). Participants from countries categorized as low collectivistic (N = 205) and high collectivistic (N = 136) completed an online survey. Attachment anxiety and avoidance were negatively related to interpersonal justice perceptions. Cultural differences did not moderate the effects of avoidance. However, the relationship between attachment anxiety and interpersonal justice was non-significant in the Southern Asia (more collectivistic) cultural cluster. Our findings indicate the importance of ‘fit’ between cultural relational values and individual attachment orientations in shaping interpersonal justice perceptions, and highlight the need for more non-western organizational justice research