A Comprehensive Survey on Routing and Security in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

With the continuous advances in mobile wirelesssensor networks (MWSNs), the research community hasresponded to the challenges and constraints in the design of thesenetworks by proposing efficient routing protocols that focus onparticular performance metrics such as residual energy utilization,mobility, topology, scalability, localization, data collection routing,Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In addition, the introduction ofmobility in WSN has brought new challenges for the routing,stability, security, and reliability of WSNs. Therefore, in thisarticle, we present a comprehensive and meticulous investigationin the routing protocols and security challenges in the theory ofMWSNs which was developed in recent years

A Comprehensive Survey on Routing and Security in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

With the continuous advances in mobile wirelesssensor networks (MWSNs), the research community hasresponded to the challenges and constraints in the design of thesenetworks by proposing efficient routing protocols that focus onparticular performance metrics such as residual energy utilization,mobility, topology, scalability, localization, data collection routing,Quality of Service (QoS), etc. In addition, the introduction ofmobility in WSN has brought new challenges for the routing,stability, security, and reliability of WSNs. Therefore, in thisarticle, we present a comprehensive and meticulous investigationin the routing protocols and security challenges in the theory ofMWSNs which was developed in recent years

A Novel Approach of Secure Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network

Security in mobile ad hoc network is a grand challenge problem nowadays. The security issues in MANET are mostly concentrated in two parts, establishing secure route and securely data transmission. The main security threat in MANET are integrity, non-repudiation and privacy. To combat with these security threats, many secure routing protocols has been designed to reduce the security threats in MANET. Most of the secure routing protocol available in the literature are based on certification authority or key distribution center, which leads to needs of central authority. In this thesis, we have proposed a secure routing protocol called "A Novel Approach of Secure Routing Protocol (NASRP)" to enhance the security levels in the routing protocol to prevent the network against active and passive attacks without the presence of central authority. A peer review process has been introduced to check the integrity and non-repudiation of the routing packets and key exchange packets. In the first step each node will exchange keys with their neighbours, in the second step routing packet delivery is done by the peer review process and in the final stage data delivery is done by encryption/decryption mechanism using session key

Security and Privacy Issues in Wireless Mesh Networks: A Survey

This book chapter identifies various security threats in wireless mesh network (WMN). Keeping in mind the critical requirement of security and user privacy in WMNs, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of various possible attacks on different layers of the communication protocol stack for WMNs and their corresponding defense mechanisms. First, it identifies the security vulnerabilities in the physical, link, network, transport, application layers. Furthermore, various possible attacks on the key management protocols, user authentication and access control protocols, and user privacy preservation protocols are presented. After enumerating various possible attacks, the chapter provides a detailed discussion on various existing security mechanisms and protocols to defend against and wherever possible prevent the possible attacks. Comparative analyses are also presented on the security schemes with regards to the cryptographic schemes used, key management strategies deployed, use of any trusted third party, computation and communication overhead involved etc. The chapter then presents a brief discussion on various trust management approaches for WMNs since trust and reputation-based schemes are increasingly becoming popular for enforcing security in wireless networks. A number of open problems in security and privacy issues for WMNs are subsequently discussed before the chapter is finally concluded.Comment: 62 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables. This chapter is an extension of the author's previous submission in arXiv submission: arXiv:1102.1226. There are some text overlaps with the previous submissio

Emergence in the security of protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks

This thesis is concerned with the study of secure wireless routing protocols, which have been deployed for the purpose of exchanging information in an adhoc networking enviromnent. A discrete event simulator is developed, utilising an adaptive systems modelling approach and emergence that aims to assess networking protocols in the presence of adversarial behaviour. The model is used in conjunction with the characteristics that routing protocols have and also a number of cryptographic primitives that can be deployed in order to safeguard the information being exchanged. It is shown that both adversarial behaviour, as well as protocol descriptions can be described in a way that allows for them to be treated as input on the machine level. Within the system, the output generated selects the fittest protocol design capable of withstanding one or more particular type of attacks. As a result, a number of new and improved protocol specifications are presented and benchmarked against conventional metrics, such as throughput, latency and delivery criteria. From this process, an architecture for designing wireless routing protocols based on a number of security criteria is presented, whereupon the decision of using particular characteristics in a specification has been passed onto the machine level

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: vehicular ad-hoc networks, security and caching, TCP in ad-hoc networks and emerging applications. It is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

A dynamic trust and mutual authentication scheme for MANET security

MANETs are attractive technology in providing communication in the absence of a fixed infrastructure for applications such as, first responders at a disaster site or soldiers in a battlefield (Kumar, and Mishra, 2012). The rapid growth MANET has experienced in recent years is due to its Ad Hoc capabilities that have also made it prime target of cybercrimes (Jhaveri, 2012). This has raised the question of how could we embrace the benefits of MANET without the increased security risks. MANETs have several vulnerabilities such as lack of a central point, mobility, wireless links, limited energy resources, a lack of clear line of defence, cooperative nature and non-secure communication to mention a few. This research proposes a two-phase scheme. In phase-one a novel approach is suggested by using concept of exiting trust schemes and adopting the use of Dynamic Trust Threshold Scheme (DTTS) for the selection of trusted nodes in the network and using mutual trust acknowledgement scheme of neighbour nodes to authenticate two communicating nodes. The notion of trust is used for authenticating peer nodes. The trust scheme algorithm is based on real time network dynamics, relevant to MANET conditions, as opposed to pre-determined static values. The phase-one is implemented in AODV and tested in a simulated environment using NS2. The reason for using AODV is that it’s reactive and has comparatively low routing overhead, low energy consumption and relatively better performance (Morshed, et al 2010). In order to ensure data confidentiality and end-to-end security, in phase-two, the source and destination generates a shared secret key to communicate with each other using a highly efficient Diffie Hellman Elliptic Curve scheme (Wang, Ramamurthy and Zou, 2006). The shared key is used to encrypt data between the peer nodes

Ensuring consensus on trust issues in capability-limited node networks with Blockchain technology

Σε αυτή τη διπλωματική εργασία, εξετάζουμε πώς θα μπορούσε να εφαρμοστεί το πρωτόκολλο blockchain, ώστε να διασφαλιστεί η συναίνεση των κόμβων του δικτύου σε θέματα εμπιστοσύνης, λαμβάνοντας παράλληλα υπόψη τους περιορισμένους πόρους των κόμβων. Αρχικά, θα παρουσιάσουμε το σύστημα στο οποίο θα εργαστούμε, ένα Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί ένα σχήμα ομαδοποίησης, βασισμένο στην έννοια του κόστους ανάλυσης/επεξεργασίας, μαζί με έναν μηχανισμό εμπιστοσύνης που από κοινού έχουν ως αποτέλεσμα τη διαρκή και γρήγορη ανακάλυψη κακόβουλων κόμβων. Στη συνέχεια, θα παρουσιάσουμε το πρωτόκολλο blockchain και τις κύριες έννοιές του. Μια ανασκόπηση της σχετικής εργασίας θα διεξαχθεί για να αξιολογηθούν οι διάφορες προσεγγίσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται από άλλους για την ενσωμάτωση του πρωτοκόλλου blockchain στα αντίστοιχα συστήματά τους. Στη συνέχεια, θα παρουσιαστεί αναλυτικά το Hyperledger Fabric framework, το οποίο θα βοηθήσει στην εφαρμογή του προτεινόμενου συστήματος. Τέλος, θα παρουσιαστεί το προτεινόμενο σύστημα, το οποίο συγχωνεύει τη δεδομένη προσομοίωση MANET με την τεχνολογία blockchain μέσα από το Hyperledger Fabric και θα συζητηθούν τα αποτελέσματά του. Η ανάλυσή μας θα περιλαμβάνει, επίσης, αξιολόγηση της αποτελεσματικότητάς του στην διασφάλιση της συναίνεσης των κόμβων σε θέματα εμπιστοσύνης και πιθανές μελλοντικές βελτιώσεις.In this thesis, we review how the blockchain protocol could be applied so as to ensure the consensus of the network nodes on matters of trust, while taking into account the limited resources of the nodes. First, we will present the system we will be working on, a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) which uses a clustering scheme, based on the cost of analysis/processing concept, along with a trust mechanism that together result in cluster persistence and quick discovery of malicious nodes. Then, we will introduce the blockchain protocol and its main concepts. A review of related work will be conducted to assess the various approaches utilized by others in incorporating the blockchain protocol into their respective systems. Subsequently, the Hyperledger Fabric framework, which shall aid in the implementation of the proposed system, shall be presented in detail. Finally, the proposed system, which merges the given MANET simulation with the blockchain technology enabled by Hyperledger Fabric, will be presented, and its results discussed. Our analysis will also include an evaluation of its effectiveness in addressing consensus on trust issues, and possible avenues for future enhancements

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of-the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: quality-of-service and video communication, routing protocol and cross-layer design. A few interesting problems about security and delay-tolerant networks are also discussed. This book is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks