Zen Puzzle Garden is NP-complete

Zen Puzzle Garden (ZPG) is a one-player puzzle game. In this paper, we prove that deciding the solvability of ZPG is NP-complete.Comment: Submitte

An Empirical Study on Collective Intelligence Algorithms for Video Games Problem-Solving

Computational intelligence (CI), such as evolutionary computation or swarm intelligence methods, is a set of bio-inspired algorithms that have been widely used to solve problems in areas like planning, scheduling or constraint satisfaction problems. Constrained satisfaction problems (CSP) have taken an important attention from the research community due to their applicability to real problems. Any CSP problem is usually modelled as a constrained graph where the edges represent a set of restrictions that must be verified by the variables (represented as nodes in the graph) which will define the solution of the problem. This paper studies the performance of two particular CI algorithms, ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithms (GA), when dealing with graph-constrained models in video games problems. As an application domain, the "Lemmings" video game has been selected, where a set of lemmings must reach the exit point of each level. In order to do that, each level is represented as a graph where the edges store the allowed movements inside the world. The goal of the algorithms is to assign the best skills in each position on a particular level, to guide the lemmings to reach the exit. The paper describes how the ACO and GA algorithms have been modelled and applied to the selected video game. Finally, a complete experimental comparison between both algorithms, based on the number of solutions found and the levels solved, is analysed to study the behaviour of those algorithms in the proposed domain

Basque Primary Adpositions from a Clausal Perspective

I would like to acknowledge financial support from the projects Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, FFI2011-29218, (INTERSYNSEM), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FFI2011-26906, as well as to the network Basquedisyn (supported by the Basque Government) and the UFI UPV/EHU UFI11/14. I am thankful to an anonymous reviewer for a very rich review of the draft, as well as to the audience of the 2011 Colloquium on Generative Grammar, held in Barcelona, and to the research colleagues at the lab IKER (UMR5478) in Bayonne, for repeated input along the years. All errors are mine.This paper has as its aim to account for an intriguing asymmetry in the domain of primary adpositions in Basque, whereby locatives seem to take a DP ground, whereas the rest of the spatial affixes require a bare nominal ground. I argue that the purported determiner heading the complement of the locative suffix is actually an allomorph of the ergative suffix, and I provide an explanation for why an independent case marker should occur precisely in locative adpositional phrases in Basque, but not in the rest of spatial cases. This explanation requires in turn reconsidering much of the well-established syntactic conclusions on which the traditional analysis of adpositional phrases in Basque rests. In this process, I develop the idea, first suggested by Koopman (2000), that adpositional phrases should be analyzed in close parallelism to the syntax of clauses. Micro-syntactic differences across dialects provide some of the crucial evidence for the proposal.L'objectiu d'aquest article és explicar una interessant asimetria detectada en el conjunt d'adposicions primàries del basc: mentre la resta d'afixos espacials s'adjunten a bases nominals escarides, les adposicions locatives semblen requerir un SD. Defenso que el pressumpte determinant que encapçala el complement del sufix locatiu és en realitat un al·lomorf del sufix ergatiu, i proporciono una explicació de per què es necessita un marcador independent de cas en aquests sintagmes adposicionals, però no en la resta de construccions espacials. L'explicació porta a reconsiderar gran part de les conclusions sintàctiques establertes sobre les quals es fonamenten les anàlisis tradicionals de les adposicions del basc. Per fer-ho, desenvolupo la idea original de Koopman (2000) que cal analitzar els sintagmes amb adposicions mantenint un paral·lelisme estricte amb la sintaxi oracional. Les diferències microsintàctiques entre els dialectes proporcionen algunes de les proves crucials de la proposta

Mustang Daily, April 26, 2011

Student newspaper of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA.https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/studentnewspaper/8183/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, Chester S.C.- April 29, 1898

The collection consists of individual issues of The Lantern a newspaper printed in Chester, South Carolina from 1897 until 1913. The editor was J. T. Bigham. This issue, scanned from microfilm, is date April 29, 1898 (volume 1, number 59)https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/chesterlantern1898/1033/thumbnail.jp

Santa Fe Daily New Mexican, 04-15-1893

https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/sfnm_news/5371/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern, Chester S.C.- April 29, 1898

The collection consists of individual issues of The Lantern a newspaper printed in Chester, South Carolina from 1897 until 1913. The editor was J. T. Bigham. This issue, scanned from microfilm, is date April 29, 1898 (volume 1, number 59)https://digitalcommons.winthrop.edu/chesterlantern1898/1033/thumbnail.jp