Are You a Boy or a Girl? Show Me Your REAL ID

Although many official documents and forms of identification contain a sex or gender identifier, gender, as a category on these documents, is not very helpful in confirming a person\u27s identity. If the purpose of the inclusion of gender on official documents is to accurately identify an individual, technological advances have given us more accurate methods of ensuring a person\u27s identity. Technologies such as fingerprinting, facial recognition and retinal scans are far superior methods of determining whether a person is who they claim to be. The use of gender or sex on identification cards does little to positively identify individuals, and instead, creates problems for people who do not fall neatly into either of the two currently accepted categories of sex or gender. As a weak identifier, gender should not appear as a category on a state issued driver\u27s license or official identification card, yet states no longer have the authority to decide whether to require its inclusion. The REAL ID Act of 2005 recently went into effect, establishing requirements for state issued identification cards and driver\u27s licenses. The REAL ID Act requires states to issue driver\u27s licenses and identification cards that meet certain requirements to ensure more accurate identification in the post 9/11 world. The nine minimum requirements for information that states must provide on these cards include a person\u27s gender. Although critics have attacked the REAL ID Act on many grounds as an affront to civil liberties, as an unwelcome federal intrusion to a state\u27s police powers, or as the dreaded creation of a national identification card, I argue that the government should remove gender as a required identifier for two additional reasons. First, by barring any state from removing gender or sex from identification cards, the REAL ID Act prevents any state from removing these categories in an effort to reduce the complications of inclusion that a gender identifier inflicts on its gender variant citizens. Second, including a description of gender or sex is not an accurate method of identification, in no small part because gender and sex are not fixed and may later change, so should not be required under a federal law that ostensibly seeks to improve the accuracy of identity cards. This Article first examines the limits of legal classifications that view human traits as dichotomous. Next, it reviews the medical, scientific, and legal problems created by imposing a binary of sex or gender and the resulting problems this creates for many sexual minorities. Finally, this Article examines the REAL ID Act\u27s requirement to include gender, critiquing its inclusion as a poor identifier in light of current identification technology, and a problematic or discriminatory identifier for certain sexual minorities

Utilization of Optical Character Recognition Technology in Reading Identity Cards

Along with the times, the world of banking is also required to have growth in providing services to the public. The world of banking itself has a significant contribution in daily life. However, some deficiencies that arise due to the application of the procedures used are still often encountered. This situation can be seen from the number of customer self-registration data that is still done manually. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology on Citizenship Cards can be used to get the results of accuracy and speed and get the best reading results. The purpose of this study was to use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology in reading the Identity Card (KTP). The readings from OCR can be used to compare the size of the original, medium, and small images in color and grayscale images, so that the best results can be found in the processing of personal data on Identity Cards with Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This study resulted in the accuracy of reading grayscale Identity Card (KTP) data more accurately. Where the amount of 86.32% for the accuracy of the colored Identity Card (KTP) and 88.58% for the accuracy of the grayscale Identity Card (KTP)

Biometric technology in rural credit markets

Identity theft is a common crime the world over. In developing countries, the damage caused by identity theft and identity fraud goes far beyond the individual victim, however, and ultimately creates a direct impediment to progress, particularly in credit markets. Recent research reveals that biometric technology can help reduce these problems. A biometric is a measurement of physical or behavioral characteristics used to verify or analyze identity. Common biometrics include a person’s fingerprints; face, iris, or retina patterns; speech; or handwritten signature. These are effective personal identifiers because they are unique and intrinsic to each person, so, unlike conventional identification methods (such as passport numbers or government-issued identification cards), they cannot be forgotten, lost, or stolen. Recent advances in recognition technology coupled with increases in both digital storage capacity and computer processing speeds have made biometric technology (for example, ocular or fingerprint scanners) feasible in many applications, from controlling restricted building access to allowing more effective delivery of targeted government programs with large-scale identification systems, such as those being implemented in India by the Unique Identification Authority of India. Biometric technology can also improve access to credit and insurance markets, especially in countries that do not have a unique identification system, where identity fraud—the use of someone else’s identity or a fictitious one—to gain access to services otherwise unavailable to an individual is rather common. For example, lenders in Malawi describe past borrowers who purposefully defaulted then tried to obtain a fresh loan from the same or another institution under a false identity. And, although less common in developing countries because markets are less developed, the potential for sick individuals without healthcare coverage to use the insurance policy of a friend or relative does exist. The response of lenders and insurance companies has been to restrict the supply of such services to the detriment of the greater population, not just those people committing identity fraud.Biometric technology, Commodities, conditional cash transfers, credit, Insurance, rural areas, Subsidies,

To Want Too Much: Poems

This collection of poems captures a contemporary lived experience and moment by documenting, engaging with, and annotating upon feelings of modernity, present and emerging technologies, mysticism and spirituality, and intersections with present-day social order and issues. Equal parts recording and response, this thesis is response to the strange and precarious precipice of a contemporary life, this state of being alive and always on verge of something new, something beautiful, something futuristic, fantastical, dangerous, decisive, absurd, magical. It is the poet coming to terms with his own identity, queerness, and role within a world marked by the dichotomy of extremity and conflation. He asks: what does it mean to exist as a young, queer, white person in this time? How do these times shape his life, both directly and tangentially? How do they affect his experience and identity, and, in turn, how do his identity and actions affect others? These explorations of contemporary America and personal identity have a boundless framework, which this thesis reconciles with the inclusion of a set of poems based on the major arcana cards of the traditional Ride-Waite-Smith tarot deck. This selection from a larger card-based poetry project creates an allegory to the contemporary lived experience in order to complicate and contain it. These tarot cards, as A.E. Waite wrote, embody and track the spiritual history of humankind, our souls coming out of the Eternal, passing into the darkness of the material body, and returning to the height, to a heavenly plane. This poet believes that this tarot journey, represented by the 22 major arcana cards of classical tarot decks originating over 600 years ago, has been replicated through the centuries purposefully; that it holds truth and power and is therefore a powerful lens through which to view both America’s and the poet’s own spiritual journeys. The poems of the collection thus explore a wide range of topics, engage with a poetic past and future, and explore boundaries of sonics, style, imagination, content, and form, including traditional received forms and individualized nonce forms

Hic Sunt Leones! The role of national identity on aggressiveness between national football teams

This paper examines the role of national identity in explaining on field aggression during soccer competitions between national teams. In particular, this paper empirically investigates whether differences in macro identity markers such as: the economy, religion, education, governance and power between nation-states influence football players’ aggressiveness across a range of international FIFA competitions. We analyse the finals of the FIFA World, Confederations and Under 20’s World Cups as well as the Olympic tournaments from 1994 to 2012, resulting in 1088 individual matches. Our aggression focus is derived from both the (i) weighted measure of penalties (red and yellow cards) and; (ii) the count of sanctions (fouls) issued during a game as a proxy measure for on field aggression. We generate national identity factors from a set of macro level variables in order to estimate the size of national differences, from which we determine the impact that national identity has on the emergence of on field aggression between rival countries. Our results show that these national identity factors are significant predictors of aggression, while the match specific variables seem to be of less importance. Interestingly, our results also show that these aggression factors disappear once we include referee fixed effects, indicating that while national differences are played out on the football pitch the referees are effective at controlling the aggression

Impediments to Cosmopolitan Engagement: Technology and Late-Modern Cosmopolitanism

What characterises late modern variety of cosmopolitanism from its classical predecessors is the inherent connection between cosmopolitanism and technology. Technology enables a vital dimension of the cosmopolitan experience – to move beyond the cosmopolitan imagination to enable active, direct engagement with other cultures. Different types of technologies contribute to cosmopolitan practice but in this paper we focus on a specific set of these enabling technologies: technologies which play a crucial role in regulating the free movement of people and populations. We briefly examine how three of the great surveillance states of the 20th century – Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and the German Democratic Republic – used hightech solutions in pursuing an anti-cosmopolitanism. We suggest that in the period from 2001 to the present, important elements of the cosmopolitan ethos are being closed down, and once again high-tech is intimately connected to this moment. The increasing (and proposed) use of identity cards, biometric identification systems, ITS and GIS all work to make the globalised world much harder to traverse and inhibit the full expression and experience of cosmopolitanism. The result of these trends may be that the type of cosmopolitan sentiment exhibited in western countries is an ersatz, emptied out variety with little political-ethical robustness

Beyond Paper and Plastic: A Meta-Model for Credential Use and Governance

ID cards, public transport tickets, and diplomas are examples of credentials that society has established as a means to provide trustworthy information to others. In the digital world, the emergence of self-sovereign identity as a new paradigm for the management of digital credentials aims to narrow the conceptual gap between digital and physical credentials. The ongoing digital transformation in the public sector requires dealing with a large variety of credentials in different forms systematically. However, there is still currently no generic conceptual model of credentials in the Information Systems (IS) discipline. We employ design science research to develop a unified meta-model on credentials, their use, and their governance. Our results contribute to research through an empirically grounded conceptualization of credentials and provide practitioners with a common basis to capture, analyze, and design the handling of credentials in real-world scenarios

Series and the culture of convergence: an analysis of the transmissive consumption of the house of cards series

Esse artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender como estão sendo consumidos os seriados, em especial a série House of Cards, levando em consideração as novas possibilidades trazidas pela convergência digital e o consumo dos espectadores. A hipótese aqui levantada é de que os seriados estão se alterando com as novas tecnologias para ter uma maior interação e relação com o seu público. A metodologia é baseada nas reflexões teóricas de Jenkins (2008), como Cultura da Convergência, Transmídia e Cultura Participativa. Também são trazidas questões ligadas à identidade no contexto digital, com análise dos conceitos de Santaella (2002) e Silva (2014). Desta maneira, as considerações finais apontam a estratégia de narrativa transmídia das séries, em especial da série House of Cards, que conecta o público e gera uma proximidade com a série, tornando o mundo fictício mais próximo e mais palpável.This article has the main objective to comprehend how series are being consumed, especially House of Cards, considering the new possibilities brought by digital convergence and the spectators’ consumption. The hypothesis raised in here is the changes series are being submitted to due to new technologies in order to have more interaction with its audience. The methodology is based on the theoretical reflections of Jenkins (2008), as the Convergence Culture, Transmedia and Participatory Culture. There are also questions related to identity in the digital context, with analysis of the concepts from Santaella (2002) and Silva (2014). Thus, the final consideration show the strategy of transmedia narrative of series, mainly of House of Cards, that connects its audience and creates a closer bond with the series, making the fictional world closer and more palpable