Insidensi dan Identifikasi Penyakit Layu pada Terong (Solanum melongena L.) di Desa Tanjung Pering, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Hamidson H, Adrian R, Umayah A, Gunawan B. 2022. Insidence and identification of wilt disease in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in Tanjung Pering Village, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatera. In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 963-973. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Wilt disease of the Fusarium group is a necrotrophic plant disease that has a wide host range and distribution throughout the world. This pathogen can infect at least 408 plant species worldwide. This field practice aims to determine the percentage level and intensity of attack and identify the cause of wilt disease in eggplant in Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The method used in this field practice is carried out by conducting a survey or direct observation in the field to calculate the percentage level and intensity of wilt disease attack on eggplant, then identification is carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, and infectious tests are carried out in experimental land to prove pathogens. cause of wilt disease in eggplant. The results of this field, the cause of wilt disease in eggplant in Tanjung Pering Village, North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency is caused by the fungus Fusarium sp with an average percentage of wilt disease of 42.54% and an average intensity of wilt disease of 40.90% in the field

Hyperspectral Analysis of Pine Wilt Disease to Determine an Optimal Detection Index

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pine wood nematode (PWN) which causes pine wilt disease, is currently a serious problem in East Asia, including in Japan, Korea, and China. This paper investigates the hyperspectral analysis of pine wilt disease to determine the optimal detection indices for measuring changes in the spectral reflectance characteristics and leaf reflectance in the Pinus thunbergii (black pine) forest on Geoje Island, South Korea. In the present study, we collected the leaf reflectance spectra of pine trees infected with pine wilt disease using a hyperspectrometer. We used 10 existing vegetation indices (based on hyperspectral data) and introduced the green-red spectral area index (GRSAI). We made comparisons between non-infected and infected trees over time. A t-test was then performed to find the most appropriate index for detecting pine wilt disease-infected pine trees. Our main result is that, in most of the infected trees, the reflectance changed in the red and mid-infrared wavelengths within two months after pine wilt infection. The vegetation atmospherically resistant index (VARI), vegetation index green (VIgreen), normalized wilt index (NWI), and GRSAI indices detected pine wilt disease infection faster than the other indices used. Importantly, the GRSAI results showed less variability than the results of the other indices. This optimal index for detecting pine wilt disease is generated by combining red and green wavelength bands. These results are expected to be useful in the early detection of pine wilt disease-infected trees

Biocontrol of Wilt Disease on Pepper Using Endophytic Bacteria in Malang Indonesia

Wilt disease is one important disease on pepper that cause by Ralstonia solanacearum, be potential limiting factor of product  and impact on economic country. Control of  it using some technique have not been success. Biocontrol of it using endophytic bacteria is one alternative control methods and support sustainable agriculture. The object of these experiment are to select of endophytic bacteria that was pepper bacterial wilt disease. There are 10 isolates successfully isolated and two isolates are Ps1 and Ps8 can inhibit of wilt disease based on antagonistic test in vitro using seed coat method and ananforming inhibition zone size 4-7 mm so ability suppress of wilt disease in vivo test in green house.  In vivo test in green house using pepper plant that 30 days age and aplicate of endophytic bacteria using root soak technique. The result show the two isolates are Ps1 and Ps8 have incubation period 15-16 days and significantly suppress disease incidence until 8.07-9.19%. Keywords: wilt disease, endophytic bacteria, biocontro

KAJIAN BEBERAPA ISOLAT Pseudomonad fluorescens DAN METODE APLIKASI TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN CABAI (Capsicum annum L.) DI LAHAN

Pseudomonads fluorescens bacteria are biological agents that can suppress plant disease development and growth promoter. The objective of this research was to study of isolate Pseudomonads fluorecens who has the most excellent in suppressing the development of chili plants to wilt disease and spur growth. This research was conducted in the Laboratory Health Plant the Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” East Java and in the Agricultural Land Ketimang Village, Regency Wonoayu, District of Sidoarjo using Randomized Block Design (RBD). This study is a factorial experiment (two factors). The first factor is kinds isolate Pseudomonads fluorescens with four (4) levels: Control / distilled water (P0), isolates Pf B (P1), isolates Pf 122 (P2) and isolates Pf 160 (P3). The second factor is the method of application of biological agents with two (2) levels, the submersion method (C1) and the sprinkling method (C2). The results showed that treatment of Pf 122 is the most excellent in suppressing the development of wilt disease, followed Pf and Pf B 160 consecutive able to suppress the development of wilt disease in pepper by 31.35%, 24.69% and 23.02 %. Treatment of Pf 122 is the most excellent in spurring the growth of chili plants in the land. Keywords: Pseudomonads fluorescens, Chili Plants Wilt Disease, Method of Application

Regeneration of Different Plant Functional Types in a Masson Pine Forest Following Pine Wilt Disease

Pine wilt disease is a severe threat to the native pine forests in East Asia. Understanding the natural regeneration of the forests disturbed by pine wilt disease is thus critical for the conservation of biodiversity in this realm. We studied the dynamics of composition and structure within different plant functional types (PFTs) in Masson pine forests affected by pine wilt disease (PWD). Based on plant traits, all species were assigned to four PFTs: evergreen woody species (PFT1), deciduous woody species (PFT2), herbs (PFT3), and ferns (PFT4). We analyzed the changes in these PFTs during the initial disturbance period and during post-disturbance regeneration. The species richness, abundance and basal area, as well as life-stage structure of the PFTs changed differently after pine wilt disease. The direction of plant community regeneration depended on the differential response of the PFTs. PFT1, which has a higher tolerance to disturbances, became dominant during the post-disturbance regeneration, and a young evergreen-broad-leaved forest developed quickly after PWD. Results also indicated that the impacts of PWD were dampened by the feedbacks between PFTs and the microclimate, in which PFT4 played an important ecological role. In conclusion, we propose management at the functional type level instead of at the population level as a promising approach in ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation

Identification of Distribution the Pineapple Mealybug Wilt Disease in the Pineapple plant in North Tapanuli

Pineapple is one of the commodities of horticultural crops of fruits that have been developed by generations of people in the North Tapanuli Regency. Pineapple is a commodity mainstay of the community, where the planting spread in several districts, such as Sipahutar, Pangaribuan, Siborongborong and Tarutung. Sipahutar District is a pineapple production center in North Tapanuli Regency. Pineapple from Sipahutar, famous since the first because it has advantages compared with other pineapple that has a sweeter taste, water content slightly and texture more dense. The problem in pineapple cultivation lately is wilting mealybug disease because the losses incurred are very large. The purpose of this study was to detect and study infections from mealybug wilt disease in the field and the spread of mealybug wilt disease in some villages of pineapple planting centers in North Tapanuli region. The results of this study are expected to be information in controlling mealybug wilt disease in pineapple plant