Future Greener Seaports:A Review of New Infrastructure, Challenges, and Energy Efficiency Measures

Recently, the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) for power distribution systems is growing immensely. This advancement brings several advantages, such as energy sustainability and reliability, easier maintenance, cost-effective energy sources, and ecofriendly. The application of RESs in maritime systems such as port microgrids massively improves energy efficiency and reduces the utilization of fossil fuels, which is a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, ports are receiving several initiatives to improve their energy efficiency by deploying different types of RESs based on the power electronic converters. This paper conducts a systematic review to provide cutting-edge state-of-the-art on the modern electrification and infrastructure of seaports taking into account some challenges such as the environmental aspects, energy efficiency enhancement, renewable energy integration, and legislative and regulatory requirements. Moreover, the technological methods, including electrifications, digitalization, onshore power supply applications, and energy storage systems of ports, are addressed. Furthermore, details of some operational strategies such as energy-aware operations and peak-shaving are delivered. Besides, the infrastructure scheme to enhance the energy efficiency of modern ports, including port microgrids and seaport smart microgrids are delivered. Finally, the applications of nascent technologies in seaports are presented

Transition to electric buses networks: a mixed-fleet approach

As the environmental concerns increase, companies are called upon to adopt environmentally friendly solutions in their operations. Since the transportation sector counted for about ¼ of the global carbon dioxide emissions in 2010, transport providers agencies have been aiming to incorporate electric vehicles in their operations. This trend is observable in bus urban networks. In order to electrify the bus fleet and make the respective fleet planning decisions, it is necessary to address the necessary infrastructure requirements considering some operational constraints and the company´s objectives. This dissertation proposes a tool based on an optimization model, the MixedBusFleet, that aims to support transport providers to achieve the electrification of their fleets by minimizing investment costs, operational costs and the external costs of emissions. The MixedBusFleet model considers: (i) location of charging station; (ii) frequency of charging; (iii) charging strategy; (iv) battery type; (v) fleet dimension and; (vi) an emissions factor. The literature analyzed throughout this study identified that there is no previous work that incorporates all these planning objectives in one approach. Therefore, the proposed model aims to fill this gap. To illustrate the potential of the model, it was applied to part of the network of a public transport company operating in Lisbon. The case study comprised of 17 bus routes with predefined demand. The results showed that 133 buses are required to serve all the demand requiring a total investment of €24 950 000 and 5 fast charging facilities were installed in final stops.À medida que as preocupações ambientais aumentam, as empresas são incentivadas a adotar soluções ecológicas nas suas operações. O setor de transporte foi responsável por cerca de ¼ das emissões globais de dióxido de carbono em 2010, então, as empresas de transportes têm procurado incorporar veículos elétricos nas suas operações. Para eletrificar uma frota de autocarros e tomar as respetivas decisões de planeamento, é necessário considerar as necessidades de infraestruturas, algumas restrições operacionais e os objetivos da empresa. Esta dissertação propõe uma ferramenta baseada num modelo de otimização, o MixedBusFleet, que visa apoiar as empresas na eletrificação das suas frotas, minimizando os custos de investimento, custos operacionais e os custos externos de emissões. O modelo MixedBusFleet considera: (i) localização da estação de carregamento; (ii) frequência de carregamento; (iii) estratégia de carregamento; (iv) tipo de bateria; (v) dimensão da frota e; (vi) um fator de emissão. A literatura analisada ao longo deste projeto não identificou estudos que incorporassem todos os objetivos de planeamento indicados numa abordagem. O modelo proposto visa então, preencher essa lacuna. Para ilustrar a o potencial do modelo, o mesmo foi aplicado a parte de uma rede de transporte público em Lisboa. O estudo de caso é composto por 17 rotas de autocarros com procura pré-definida. Os resultados revelaram que são necessários 133 autocarros para satisfazer a totalidade da procura, o que requer um investimento total de €24 950 000 e que é necessária a instalação de 5 estratégias de carregamento rápido em paragens

Small Electric Vehicles

This edited open access book gives a comprehensive overview of small and lightweight electric three- and four-wheel vehicles with an international scope. The present status of small electric vehicle (SEV) technologies, the market situation and main hindering factors for market success as well as options to attain a higher market share including new mobility concepts are highlighted. An increased usage of SEVs can have different impacts which are highlighted in the book in regard to sustainable transport, congestion, electric grid and transport-related potentials. To underline the effects these vehicles can have in urban areas or rural areas, several case studies are presented covering outcomes of pilot projects and studies in Europe. A study of the operation and usage in the Global South extends the scope to a global scale. Furthermore, several concept studies and vehicle concepts on the market give a more detailed overview and show the deployment in different applications

Carbon Free Boston: Summary Report 2019

Carbon Free Boston was developed through comprehensive engagement with City staff, utilities, neighboring municipalities, regional authorities, state agencies, industry experts, and community representatives, among others, and was supported by comprehensive analysis using models that project feasible pathways to carbon neutrality by 2050. To ensure meaningful and actionable outcomes, we looked across scales and considered opportunities and challenges associated with specific actions at the city, state, and regional levels. We also addressed disparities in communities' capacity both to mitigate climate damages and to benefit from the transition to a carbon-neutral city.Supporting technical reports and other resources are also available on the project web site: http://sites.bu.edu/cfb

Harmonizing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Transportation and Land-Use Planning in California Cities

Abstract: Recent extreme weather events in California—wildfires, drought, and flooding—make abundantly clear the need to plan effective responses to both the causes and the consequences of climate change. A central challenge for climate planning efforts has been identifying transportation and land-use (TLU) strategies that simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions (“mitigation”) and adapt communities so that they will be less affected by the adverse impacts of climate change (“adaptation”). Sets of policies that collectively address both mitigation and adaptation are known as “integrated actions.” This study explores municipal climate planning in California to determine whether cities incorporate integrated actions into their plans, assess the potential drivers of conflict between mitigation and adaptation in municipal plans, and identify ways the State of California can help cities more effectively incorporate integrated actions. The study methods consisted of a detailed analysis of climate planning documents from 23 California cities with particularly long histories of climate planning, plus interviews with 25 local, regional, and state officials who work on municipal climate planning. The authors found that some cities did adopt packages of integrated actions, and, promisingly, two cities with recently updated climate plans explicitly focused on the need for integrated actions. However, most cities addressed climate mitigation and adaptation in separate efforts, potentially reducing synergies between the two types of action and even creating conflicts. Since the first generation of climate action plans focused primarily on mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), adaptation strategies have not yet been effectively or fully combined into mitigation plans in many cities. Also, a cross-comparison of plan content and interview data suggests that cities often had sets of policies that could potentially create conflicts—mitigation policies that would undermine adaptation capacity, and vice versa. In addition, where a city did adopt integrated actions, these efforts are typically not labeled as such, nor do the policies appear within the same policy document. The study findings suggest promising steps that both municipal and state governments can take to support integrated TLU actions at the local level. For example, cities can proactively link the content in climate mitigation and adaptation plans—a process that will require building the capacity for cross-collaboration between the various departments in charge of developing, implementing, and monitoring climate-related plans. As for the state government, it can provide funding specifically for planning and implementing integrated actions, offer technical support to help municipalities adopt programs and projects that produce integrated mitigation and adaptation benefits, and fund research in the area of integrated actions

Automation, Electrification, and Shared Mobility in Freight

Caltrans 65A0674 Task Order 009USDOT Grant 69A3551747109Understanding the potential benefits and unintended consequences of automation and electrification revolutions in freight is challenging for academics, practitioners, and decision-makers. On one hand, these revolutions could help mitigate the disproportionate impacts of freight transportation on externalities and improve efficiency; on the other hand, they could generate additional issues such as right-of-way conflicts, crashes, and traffic incidents. To shed light on these issues, this report conducts an extensive review of the state-of-the-practice of such innovations for both long-haul and last-mile freight distribution. The study concentrates on the potential barriers, challenges, and opportunities of the different innovations, and discusses the market readiness of some of the technologies. Finally, the authors discuss planning considerations for the advent and widespread use of these innovations, and provide research and policy considerations

MaaS(Mobility as a Service) platform application plan

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2020Smart mobility is the most important part to build a smart city. This is because the city's population growth continues to intensify traffic congestion, and traffic infrastructure such as roads occupies large parts of the cities, making it difficult to realize a citizen-centric city. This capstone project aims to study a plan to apply the Mobility as a Service (MaaS) Platform in Korea's smart mobility policies. First, to understand the status quo, Sejong's MaaS application plan was reviewed among domestic smart mobility policies. Second, in the literature review part, technical terms such as Smart Mobility, MaaS, innovation ecosystem, and data economy were defined, and domestic policy measures were suggested through the analysis of MaaS application cases in Finland and Singapore. Compared to other countries, Korea is well-equipped with ICT infrastructure, and people adapt quickly to new technologies, making it suitable for applying Smart Mobility services. However, without a deep understanding of the domestic situation, it is not easy to apply the overseas MaaS model directly to Korea. To provide a sustainable Smart Mobility service, it is necessary to define a smart mobility strategy in Korea, build a mobility ecosystem, and increase data utilization to build a Korean-style MaaS platform model.1. Introduction 2. Literature Review 3. Governmental Policies on Smart Mobility 4. Policy RecommendationsOutstandingmasterpublishedSumi SO

100% Renewable Energy Transition: Pathways and Implementation

Energy markets are already undergoing considerable transitions to accommodate new (renewable) energy forms, new (decentral) energy players, and new system requirements, e.g. flexibility and resilience. Traditional energy markets for fossil fuels are therefore under pressure, while not-yet-mature (renewable) energy markets are emerging. As a consequence, investments in large-scale and capital intensive (traditional) energy production projects are surrounded by high uncertainty, and are difficult to hedge by private entities. Traditional energy production companies are transforming into energy service suppliers and companies aggregating numerous potential market players are emerging, while regulation and system management are playing an increasing role. To address these increasing uncertainties and complexities, economic analysis, forecasting, modeling and investment assessment require fresh approaches and views. Novel research is thus required to simulate multiple actor interplays and idiosyncratic behavior. The required approaches cannot deal only with energy supply, but need to include active demand and cover systemic aspects. Energy market transitions challenge policy-making. Market coordination failure, the removal of barriers hindering restructuring and the combination of market signals with command-and-control policy measures are some of the new aims of policies.The aim of this Special Issue is to collect research papers that address the above issues using novel methods from any adequate perspective, including economic analysis, modeling of systems, behavioral forecasting, and policy assessment.The issue will include, but is not be limited to: Local control schemes and algorithms for distributed generation systems; Centralized and decentralized sustainable energy management strategies; Communication architectures, protocols and properties of practical applications; Topologies of distributed generation systems improving flexibility, efficiency and power quality; Practical issues in the control design and implementation of distributed generation systems; Energy transition studies for optimized pathway options aiming for high levels of sustainabilit