78,358 research outputs found
On a Deterministic Property of the Category of -almost Primes: A Deterministic Structure Based on a Linear Function for Redefining the -almost Primes (, ) in Certain Intervals
In this paper based on a sort of linear function, a deterministic and simple
algorithm with an algebraic structure is presented for calculating all (and
only) -almost primes ( , ) in
certain interval. A theorem has been proven showing a new deterministic
property of the category of -almost primes. Through a linear function that
we obtain, an equivalent redefinition of the -almost primes with an
algebraic characteristic is identified. Moreover, as an outcome of our
function's property some relations which contain new information about the
-almost primes (including primes) are presented.Comment: 10 pages. Accepted and presented article in the 11th ANTS, Korea,
2014. The 11th ANTS is one of international satellite conferences of ICM
2014: The 27th International Congress of Mathematicians, Korea. (Expanded
version
Engineering statistics
In this entry we seek to put into perspective some of the ways in which statistical methods contribute to modern engineering practice. Engineers design and oversee the production, operation, and maintenance of the products and systems that under-gird modern technological society. Their work is built on the foundation of physical (and increasingly biological) science. However, it is of necessity often highly empirical, because there simply isnt scientific theory complete and simple enough to effectively describe all of the myriad circumstances that arise even in engineering design, let alone those encountered in production, operation, and maintenance. As a consequence, engineering is an inherently statistical enterprise. Engineers must routinely collect, summarize, and draw inferences based on data, and it is hard to think of a statistical method that has no potential use in modern engineering. The above said, it is possible to identify classes of statistical methods that have traditionally been associated with engineering applications and some that are increasingly important to the field. This encyclopedia entry will identify some of those and indicate their place in modern engineering practice, with no attempt to provide technical details of their implementation. --
Open source and consumption
This article illuminates the common concepts and widely-observed practices concerning open source. Positioning 'open-source' as a common practice and a viable methodology for collaborative participatory co-production in today's knowledge society, the article explains how open-source co-production participatory methods, now also seen in mundane cultural, food and beverage production and consumption, evolve from the Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) movement, what motivate people to participate, and how such practices implicate in different sectors in contemporary societies. This article argues that the open-source practices resemble the amateur DIY cultures and can be considered as a lifestyle, elected and subscribed by some. Open source suggests that consumption is no longer simply a passive activity; it could be a personal statement, a liberating, creative and varied experience
Simulating activities: Relating motives, deliberation, and attentive coordination
Activities are located behaviors, taking time, conceived as socially meaningful, and usually involving interaction with tools and the environment. In modeling human cognition as a form of problem solving (goal-directed search and operator sequencing), cognitive science researchers have not adequately studied “off-task” activities (e.g., waiting), non-intellectual motives (e.g., hunger), sustaining a goal state (e.g., playful interaction), and coupled perceptual-motor dynamics (e.g., following someone). These aspects of human behavior have been considered in bits and pieces in past research, identified as scripts, human factors, behavior settings, ensemble, flow experience, and situated action. More broadly, activity theory provides a comprehensive framework relating motives, goals, and operations. This paper ties these ideas together, using examples from work life in a Canadian High Arctic research station. The emphasis is on simulating human behavior as it naturally occurs, such that “working” is understood as an aspect of living. The result is a synthesis of previously unrelated analytic perspectives and a broader appreciation of the nature of human cognition. Simulating activities in this comprehensive way is useful for understanding work practice, promoting learning, and designing better tools, including human-robot systems
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