107 research outputs found
Women Philosophers in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Many women wrote philosophy in nineteenth-century Britain, and they wrote across the full range of philosophical topics. Yet these important women thinkers have been left out of the philosophical canon and many of them are barely known today. The aim of this book is to put them back on the map. It introduces twelve women philosophers - Mary Shepherd, Harriet Martineau, Ada Lovelace, George Eliot, Frances Power Cobbe, Helena Blavatsky, Julia Wedgwood, Victoria Welby, Arabella Buckley, Annie Besant, Vernon Lee, and Constance Naden. Alison Stone looks at their views on naturalism, philosophy of mind, evolution, morality and religion, and progress in history. She shows how these women interacted and developed their philosophical views in conversation with one another, not only with their male contemporaries. The rich print and periodical culture of the period enabled these women to publish philosophy in forms accessible to a general readership, despite the restrictions women faced, such as having limited or no access to university education. Stone explains how these women became excluded from the history of philosophy because there was a cultural shift at the end of the nineteenth century towards specialised forms of philosophical writing, which depended on academic credentials that were still largely unavailable to women
A Cornish palimpsest : Peter Lanyon and the construction of a new landscape, 1938-1964
The thesis examines the emergence of Peter Lanyon as one of the few truly innovative British landscape painters this century. In the Introduction I discuss the problematic nature of landscape art and consider the significance of Lanyon's discovery that direct description and linear perspective can be replaced with allusive representational elements by fusing the emotional and imaginative life of the artist with the physical activity of painting. Chapter One concentrates on the period 1936-8 when Lanyon was taught by Borlase Smart, a key figure in the St Ives art colony between the wars. Chapter Two examines the influence of Adrian Stokes and the links between Lanyon's painting and the theories developed in books such as Colour and Form and The Quattro Cento. Chapter Three analyses the period 1940-45 when Lanyon was directly influenced by the constructivism of Nicholson, Hepworth and Gabo. I look closely at their approaches to abstraction and assess Lanyon's relative position to them. The importance of Neo-Romanticism and the status of St Ives as a perceived avant-garde community is also addressed. In Chapter Four I discuss how Lanyon resolved to achieve a new orientation in his art on his return from wartime service with the RAF by synthesising constructivism, and traditional landscape. The Generation and Surfacing Series demonstrate his preoccupation with a sense of place, a fascination with the relationships between the human body and landscape and his struggle to find a technique and style that was entirely his own. His sense of existential insideness is discussed in Chapter Five through an examination of the work derived from Portreath, St. Just and Porthleven - key places in Lanyon's psychological attachment to the landscape of West Penwith. In Chapter Six I examine Lanyon's attachment to myths and archetypal forms, tracing the influence of Bergson's vitalist philosophy as well as his use of Celtic and classical motifs. Chapter Seven is a discussion of the malaise evident in Lanyon's work by 1955 and the impact of American Abstract Expressionism at the Tate Gallery a year later. In the summer of 1959 Lanyon joined the Cornish Gliding Club and Chapter Eight looks at how this necessitated a dynamic, expanded conception of the landscape and a re-thinking of relations within the picture field. The ability to dissolve boundaries encouraged him to break down distinctions between painting and construction so that abstract sculptural elements were now assembled into independent works of art. Finally, Chapter Nine assesses Lanyon's overall position in relation to his early influences and to St Ives art as a whole, his response to new directions in art coming out of London and NewYork in the early 1960s and the importance of travel as a stimulus for further realignment in his artistic and topographical horizons. His pictorial inventiveness and vitality remained unabated at the time of his death and would undoubtedly have continued to be enriched by travel abroad and contact with new movements in modem art on both sides of the Atlanti
Gospel, Maria Konopnicka, secularization, literature, somatic sympathy, sympathy
The year 2022 has been declared the Year of Maria Konopnicka by the Sejm of the Republic of Poland. The celebration of the 180th anniversary of her birth should be an occasion to reread her rich legacy and to look at various aspects of her life. The unique nature of Konopnicka’s work, as well as reductionist attempts to approach her biography, led the authors of this study to find a bridge connecting her life and work with the Gospel message from which she drew inspiration in the category of somatic sympathy. The philosophical category of somatic sympathy (symphysis) has been adopted on theological grounds, and its depth and universal character make it also transferable to literary studies, such as somatopoetics. This article proves that the category of somatic sympathy can be fully understood through the person and work of Jesus of Nazareth, and that it is one of the characteristics of Maria Konopnicka’s literary works.Rok 2022 został ogłoszony przez Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Rokiem Marii Konopnickiej. Obchody 180. rocznicy jej urodzin powinny być okazją do ponownego odczytania bogatej spuścizny autorki Roty i przyjrzenia się różnym aspektom jej życia. Wyjątkowy charakter twórczości Konopnickiej, a także redukcjonistyczne próby podejścia do jej biografii, skłoniły autorów niniejszego opracowania do znalezienia pomostu łączącego jej życie i twórczość z przesłaniem Ewangelii, z którego czerpała inspirację w kategorii cielesnego współodczuwania. Filozoficzna kategoria cielesnego współodczuwania (symphysis) została przyjęta na gruncie teologicznym, a jej głębia i uniwersalny charakter sprawiają, że można ją przenieść także na grunt literaturoznawstwa, np. somatopoetyki. Niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że kategoria cielesnego współodczuwania może być w pełni rozumiana poprzez osobę i dzieło Jezusa z Nazaretu, a także, że jest ona jedną z cech charakterystycznych dla twórczości literackiej Marii Konopnickiej
Just Sentiments: Justice and Sympathy in David Hume and Adam Smith
This thesis concerns the role of sympathy in the accounts of the approbation of justice offered by David Hume and Adam Smith. I argue for four main claims. Firstly, that Hume’s view of justice undergoes substantive revision in between his two major works in moral philosophy (Book III of the Treatise and the Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals). Second, I hold that a number of these revisions serve both to displace the importance of sympathy in Hume’s system and to make him more liable to criticisms of the view offered subsequently by Smith. Thirdly, that Smith provides a viable alternative account, which reinstates the centrality of sympathy. And fourthly, that it provides a fruitful perspective on the disagreement between Hume and Smith to consider the opposition between their two views as one over Hume’s affirmation and Smith’s rejection of the artificiality of our just sentiments
THE MIGRANT CRISIS AND PHILOSOPHY OF MIGRATION: REALITY, REALISM, ETHICS
"The Migrant Crisis and Philosophy of Migration: Reality, Realism, Ethics" is a PhD thesis by Dario Mazzola in the field of Moral and Political Philosophy, Ethics of Migration. The thesis is divided into an introduction, three main sections, two appendixes and general conclusions. The introduction presents the extent, the tradition, and the relevance of philosophy of migration and refuge, on both analytic and historical standpoints. The main body of the thesis is devoted to characterizing and criticizing the migrant crisis, to elaborate a suitable theory to deal with it normatively, and then to defend the right to free movement or open borders in the face of realistic and nationalistic objections. The two appendixes reinforce the argument, while the conclusions resume it and broadly show its implications on methodology and substantial political issues. Chapter one, which constitutes section I, is devoted to the migrant crisis and reconstructs the main problems and dynamics which constitute the phenomenon, mainly by drawing on critical and empirical literature. Chapter II and III, which compose the second section on realism, deal with the tradition of realism and the attempt at elaborating a realistic theory from within migration ethics respectively. Chapter IV and V, the most purely normative component of the thesis, defend the open-borders ideal in the light of the previous presentation of the subject-matter and of the main methodological problems. This is done by reconstructing the critiques to freedom of movement advanced by realists, proponents of freedom of association, and liberal nationalist most relevantly. In conclusion, a threefold ethical arguments defend the right to migration: the presumptive favor for liberty over restrictions, an extended version of the classic open-borders overlapping consesus between main ethical standpoints, and an argument for the integration of the right to free movement with human rights in general. The import and implications of the thesis are read and constrained in the realist(ic) way descrived in section II. Appendix I changes the perspective on the migrant crisis from the abstract to the personal and individual, and does so by showing the relevance of refugee stories to restore empathy and, by doing this, to strengthen social solidarity. Appendix II deepens the thesis that natural law theory would be comprehended within the pro open-borders consensus. In conclusion, with the same qualifications which hold for any other right, and while recognizing its subordination to more fundamental ones such as rights to life or to personal liberty and security, the right to free movement is analyzed, vindicated, and defended, even in the face of the migrant crisis
The Problem of Ethical Obligation Toward the Environment in The Developing Countries
This study aims to discuss why there is a problem of ethical obligation toward the environment in the developing countries. The main argument is how the contemporary environmental ethics paradigm is not adequate to provide an active ethical relationship between humans and their environment in developing nations. Many aspects are to support this claim. The first aspect analyzes that developing countries have their own specificity that cannot be reduced to general environmental ethics. The second aspect illustrates the necessity to analyze environmental politics within the paradigm of environmental ethics. The third aspect focuses on the obstacles of normative ethics that formulate contemporary environmental ethics. Descriptive ethics paradigm is a suggested alternative ethical paradigm that can provide hybrid environmental ethics account for developing countries. In the final section of the study, an application of this suggested ethical paradigm. This application analyzes water ethics in Egypt to show the overlapping relationship between environmental politics and general ethical system. The conclusion of this study formulates a paradigm where ethical relationship toward the environment is more reachable
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