151,329 research outputs found
A comprehensive explanation and exercise of the source terms in hyperbolic systems using Roe type solutions. Application to the 1D-2D shallow water equations
Powerful numerical methods have to consider the presence of source terms of different nature, that intensely compete among them and may lead to strong spatiotemporal variations in the flow. When applied to shallow flows, numerical preservation of quiescent equilibrium, also known as the well-balanced property, is still nowadays the keystone for the formulation of novel numerical schemes. But this condition turns completely insufficient when applied to problems of practical interest. Energy balanced methods (E-schemes) can overcome all type of situations in shallow flows, not only under arbitrary geometries, but also with independence of the rheological shear stress model selected. They must be able to handle correctly transient problems including modeling of starting and stopping flow conditions in debris flow and other flows with a non-Newtonian rheological behavior. The numerical solver presented here satisfies these properties and is based on an approximate solution defined in a previous work. Given the relevant capabilities of this weak solution, it is fully theoretically derived here for a general set of equations. This useful step allows providing for the first time an E-scheme, where the set of source terms is fully exercised under any flow condition involving high slopes and arbitrary shear stress. With the proposed solver, a Roe type first order scheme in time and space, positivity conditions are explored under a general framework and numerical simulations can be accurately performed recovering an appropriate selection of the time step, allowed by a detailed analysis of the approximate solver. The use of case-dependent threshold values is unnecessary and exact mass conservation is preserved
Tasty or Sustainable? The Effect of Product Sensory Experience on a Sustainable New Food Product: An Application of Discrete Choice Experiments on Chianina Tinned Beef
This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by verifying whether the degree of liking of a new food product influences people\u2019s preferences and willingness to pay from a discrete choice experiment when dealing with sustainable food products. To this purpose, we considered the case study of the introduction into the Italian market of a new food product: tinned Chianina meat. Among the attributes considered for this new product, two in particular were related to sustainability: organic breeding and the preservation of a traditional rural landscape. Half of the respondents underwent a sensory test before taking part in the hypothetical market (discrete choice experiment), while the remaining were administered the tests in reverse order. Tasting the product before the discrete choice experiment did not produce different willingness to pay (WTP) parameters as estimated by a taste factor interaction. However, separating the respondents into those who liked or disliked the product in the tasting condition revealed differences in willingness to pay results. The preferences are different for more than 50% of the attributes considered, and the magnitude of this difference is quite relevant. The WTP for one well known and certified sustainability related attribute\u2014organic breeding\u2014was not affected by the liking, while, for the other\u2014the preservation of a traditional rural landscape\u2014the effect of liking decreases the WTP. As a consequence, we suggest that tasting and liking studies should be routinely coupled with discrete choice studies when analyzing the introduction of new food products, especially when considering sustainable attributes in the experimental design. In the case of organic products where the expectations about taste are higher, neglecting to consider their sensory perception, along with the other discrete choice experiment attributes, could seriously undermine their long lasting success on the market
The Baptist Church in Warren: Rehabilitation and Preservation Report
The Baptist Church in Warren is located in the Warren Waterfront Historic National Register District. Warren also has a Voluntary Historic District. Both the National Register Nomination and the Voluntary Historic District have regulations which pertain to changes to the exterior view shed of the building. Exterior work on this project will need to abide by the State of Rhode Island and the Providence Plantations Rehabilitation Code for existing buildings and structures and the Town of Warren Department of Building and Zoning. Exterior work done on a voluntary basis, according to the Warren Voluntary Historic District guidelines, will qualify for a 20% tax credit. The Baptist Church in Warren does not meet the requirements for the local and state tax credit
Dual and chiral objects for optical activity in general scattering directions
Optically active artificial structures have attracted tremendous research
attention. Such structures must meet two requirements: Lack of spatial
inversion symmetries and, a condition usually not explicitly considered, the
structure shall preserve the helicity of light, which implies that there must
be a vanishing coupling between the states of opposite polarization handedness
among incident and scattered plane waves. Here, we put forward and demonstrate
that a unit cell made from chiraly arranged electromagnetically dual scatterers
serves exactly this purpose. We prove this by demonstrating optical activity of
such unit cell in general scattering directions.Comment: This document is the unedited Authors version of a Submitted Work
that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Photonics, copyright
American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and
published work see
http://pubs.acs.org/articlesonrequest/AOR-3yvzAibCIU6wdTuzx9c
Preserving Co-Location Privacy in Geo-Social Networks
The number of people on social networks has grown exponentially. Users share
very large volumes of personal informations and content every days. This
content could be tagged with geo-spatial and temporal coordinates that may be
considered sensitive for some users. While there is clearly a demand for users
to share this information with each other, there is also substantial demand for
greater control over the conditions under which their information is shared.
Content published in a geo-aware social networks (GeoSN) often involves
multiple users and it is often accessible to multiple users, without the
publisher being aware of the privacy preferences of those users. This makes
difficult for GeoSN users to control which information about them is available
and to whom it is available. Thus, the lack of means to protect users privacy
scares people bothered about privacy issues. This paper addresses a particular
privacy threats that occur in GeoSNs: the Co-location privacy threat. It
concerns the availability of information about the presence of multiple users
in a same locations at given times, against their will. The challenge addressed
is that of supporting privacy while still enabling useful services.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
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