TRANSGENIC CROPS AND THE ENVIRONMENT: MISSING MARKETS AND PUBLIC ROLE

The rapidity of change has left scant opportunity for investigation of the consequences of biotechnology adoption on long-term ecosystem or economic system functioning. Economic theory suggests that, if the "Biotechnology Revolution" is left to market forces alone,there will be neglected public goods. Theory and limited empirical evidence suggests that there are significant incentives for private firms to discount and neglect certain environmental impacts and to develop products that meet only the needs of those able and willing to pay. Negative distributional impacts on rural societies and economies will not normally enter the private calculus nor will the long-term problems of insect and plant resistance. Thus, there is a strong case for enhanced public roles with respect to the use of transgenic crops. The adoption of the precautionary approach in public policies addressing transgenic crops is one alternative to better reflect public concerns.Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Ethical purchase behaviour and social responsibility in business

This thesis is about the decisions made in markets: whether decisions and what decisions are made by consumers. It isa study in consumer sovereignty and particularly In the way this may be used In ensuring social responsibility In business. Pressure group influence on purchase behaviour, particularly in the use or threat of consumer boycotts, suggests an extension of consumer sovereignty beyond its mere technical meaning within economics to a more literal meaning. Consumer authority in the marketplace may not simply refer to the more immediate characteristics of the offering such as product features or price but, as boycotts show, other charac- teristics such as whether the firm has investments in South Africa. Consumer boycotts are but the most manifest and organised form of purchase behaviour influenced by ethical concerns. Yet ethical purchase behaviour, although found in many markets, is largely unre- cognised In the literature. The novelty of this topic and the perspective on consumer sovereignty entailed an emphasis on conceptualisation in the research. The nature of capitalism and consumer sovereignty, the ideology of marketing, the problem of the social control of business, and pressure groups in the political process and their strategies and tactics, are explored to develop an argument which supports the notion of ethical purchase behaviour. A model is proposed identifying a role for pressure groups In the marketing system, explaining ethical purchase behaviour at the micro level by recognising negative product augmentation. Survey research and case studies support the model and the argument. Guidelines for action are proposed for pressure groups and business, suggesting both seek to influence a legitimacy element in the marketing mix. At a more conceptual level, consumer sovereignty is shown to offer potential for ensuring social responsibility in busi - ness. Of the three mechanisms for social control of business, the market may be used to greater effect through ethical purchase beha- vi our. However, consumer sovereignty requires choice as well as information. Pressure groups may act as a countervailing power by providing the necessary information, but competition is essential for choice. Consumer sovereignty Is the rationale for capitalism, the political- economic system in the West. This study questions the basis of such a system if political or ethical, as well as economic decisions, are not made by consumers in markets. Hence the argument for ethical purchase behaviour becomes an argument for capitalism

Plantsman, Feb/Mar 1999

A newsletter of the New Hampshire Plant Growers\u27 Associatio

The Grizzly, March 26, 1991

First Dance Marathon for Leukemia a Success • U.S.G.A. Proposes S.A.C. Reorganization • Student Debate on Use of Force Held • College Fax for Official College Use • Residential Village Centralized • New Materials to Recycle • Financial Aid Update • The Soviets: An Inside Portrait • Communication Arts Career Night • Lange Promoted to Assistant Dean of Continuing Education • 1990 Fall Dean\u27s List • Symposium at Berman • Men\u27s Track Runs Well Despite Conditions • Women\u27s Track Makes a Splash at Greyhound Invitational • Women Win ECAC Title • Men\u27s Lacrosse Upsets Penn State Del. Co. • Women\u27s Lacrosse Hopes for Third NCAA Title • Golf Opens With a Win • Derstine First Swimming All-American • Softball Swings into Season • Men\u27s Tennis Nets Good Results • Letter: Student Apathy, Who Cares! • The New Drugstore: Nature\u27s Pharma-Sea • Don\u27t Can Your Aluminumhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1274/thumbnail.jp

2007 Guideline for isolation precautions : preventing transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Last update: July 2023

Acknowledgement: The authors and HICPAC gratefully acknowledge Dr. Larry Strausbaugh for his many contributions and valued guidance in the preparation of this guideline.Suggested citation: Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/index.htmlIsolation-guidelines-H.pd

Software Acquisition Improvement in the Aeronautical Systems Center

In the past 20 years, over 150 recommendations have been made to improve software systems development by organizations such as the Defense Science Board, National Research Council and the U.S. General Accountability Office. It has been discovered that many of these recommendation have remained unimplemented. This research had the purpose of confirming the application of these previous recommendations to improve software acquisition in the Aeronautical Systems Center. This was accomplished through interviews with 20 software practitioners in the acquisition community and the review of relevant literature. Through the analysis of the interviews and literature, this research was able to confirm that many of the recommendations have been applied in programs throughout ASC

Final report for the CORE Organic Plus funded project “Innovative design and management to boost functional biodiversity of organic orchards EcoOrchard”

Orchards are perennial cultures, and especially in organic fruit production it is essential to design and manage orchards in a way which favours predators and parasitoids over pests. Increasing plant biodiversity and habitats in such a way that beneficials are favoured is called Functional (Agro-)Biodiversity (FAB). The value of FAB for reducing pesticide use in fruit production is generally acknowledged, and many organic fruit growers try to increase it in spite of a shortage of information on FAB, economical and technical challenges and lack of situation-specific, detailed advice. To improve this situation, ECOORCHARD combined several complementary and goal oriented approaches: i) identifying and compiling still “unknown” methods already implemented by fruit growers to increase FAB in EU countries; (ii) elaborating suitable methods for collaborative application to monitor FAB on-farm and in scientific trials; (iii) conducting collaborative scientific trials with focus on the quantification of the effect of a new approach to install FAB-boosting flower strips in the inter rows and (iv) learning from each other and dissemination. Knowledge and experience on FAB management from practitioners were collected by interviews of farmers and advisors and led to a description of 24 different FAB techniques, old and new, falling under different strategies including long-term ecological infrastructures, dynamic practices and to a lesser extent redesign techniques. Country differences were significant, but ecological infrastructures were the most implemented. On average farmers combined more than 4 techniques since 13 years, and emphasized a global approach to FAB expecting multiple Ecosystem Services beyond pest regulation (economic, environmental, agronomic and working conditions), reflecting also a need for more information about FAB. The European Biodiversity Orchard-Network at http://ebionetwork.julius-kuehn.de/ now includes 200 priority papers, reports and presentations on FAB, supplemented by material provided and developed by partners, and will be continued. A review of existing FAB research on creating floral resources for beneficials in apple orchards showed relatively few studies, of which cover crops and flower strips were most studied, while agroforestry methods were at the outset and only few studies before EcoOrchard included fruit damage and yield. Methods for farmers and advisors own assessment of FAB services in orchards were selected based on performance criteria (time, materials and skill needed, information provided), and demonstrated in workshops/ on farm and a by a practical handbook on FAB assessment (available in 6 languages via EBIO-Network. In 2016 and 2017, 40 and 50 farmers tested at least one method each. The handbook was improved by experiences collected, and proved a valuable tool in communicating FAB to growers and advisors. Workshops, instructions and on farm demonstrations of methods, were appreciated and we experienced much interest to learn more about the biology and life cycle of the beneficials, important to make optimal use of them. Two different flower mixtures fulfilling FAB criteria of mainly wild types were tested in seven countries. A complex mixture of 30 perennial herb species and 8 grass species and a simple mixture with ca half the number of species. Two types of field trials were set up considering botanical or entomological/botanical aspects of these two flower strips, testing both mixtures on the level of botanical aspects. We used shared field protocols and guidelines enabling analysis in a pan-European context, providing more valuable data than could be provided by single partners, and analysed the impact on natural pest control in relation to botanical resources (with and without flower strips). Flower strips significantly increased plant diversity in orchards, and increased the presence of natural enemies in the apple trees. This led to a higher control of key apple pests and a reduction in fruit damage. Although pest suppression and damage reduction may not be enough to use this conservation biological control strategy as a stand-alone practise, flower strips can contribute to a build-up of the resilience of the apple agroecosystem against pests, reducing the need for insecticide use and favouring conservation biocontrol. We succeeded to adapt monitoring methods and practices for FAB orchard management to end-users needs and constraints, with the active participation of stakeholders and to disseminate project results within a strong, collaborative stakeholder network created in the project. Workshops in France, Sweden and Denmark were used for exchange of FAB perception and practices and disseminated results, while demonstrations or field visits were organised to widen the dissemination in partner countries. Results and materials of the EcoOrchard project such as multilingual versions of the handbook in FAB assessment and FAB management are in the EBIO-Network, organic e-prints or the project homepage. Further five scientific manuscripts are in process

Mission: Vol. 10, No. 11

Mission: Vol. 10, No. 11. The articles in this issue include: The Soul-Winners from the Editor, Looking Out, Why Elders Should Retire by Ernest D. Garrett, Opinion/Response, To the Galilean a poem by J. Dwight Thomas, More from Marty, Movies by Allan McNicol, Submission: A Biblical Response for Christian Women by David Parrish, Books by Bobbie Lee Holley, Forum, and Cross Currents