1,384 research outputs found

    Automated Validation of State-Based Client-Centric Isolation with TLA <sup>+</sup>

    Get PDF
    Clear consistency guarantees on data are paramount for the design and implementation of distributed systems. When implementing distributed applications, developers require approaches to verify the data consistency guarantees of an implementation choice. Crooks et al. define a state-based and client-centric model of database isolation. This paper formalizes this state-based model in, reproduces their examples and shows how to model check runtime traces and algorithms with this formalization. The formalized model in enables semi-automatic model checking for different implementation alternatives for transactional operations and allows checking of conformance to isolation levels. We reproduce examples of the original paper and confirm the isolation guarantees of the combination of the well-known 2-phase locking and 2-phase commit algorithms. Using model checking this formalization can also help finding bugs in incorrect specifications. This improves feasibility of automated checking of isolation guarantees in synthesized synchronization implementations and it provides an environment for experimenting with new designs.</p

    (First Person)2: A Study of Co-authoring in the Academy

    Get PDF
    In (First Person)2, Day and Eodice offer one of the few book-length studies of co-authoring in academic fields since Lunsford and Ede published theirs over a decade ago. The central research here involves in-depth interviews with ten successful academic collaborators from a range of disciplines and settings. The interviews explore the narratives of these informants\u27 experience—what brought them to collaborate, what cognitive and logistical processes were involved as they worked together, what is the status of collaborated work in their field, and so on—and situate these informants within the broader discussion of collaboration theory and research as it has been articulated over the last ten years.https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/usupress_pubs/1135/thumbnail.jp

    Affordable rental housing delivery in Kenya

    Get PDF
    Rental housing sector remains a significant housing option and an essential component of a vibrant housing market and construction industry as a whole. However, rental housing markets in most developing countries have been characterized by market failure because of the inability to provide adequate rental units commensurate with the urban population's demand. One of the major reasons for the inefficiency is attributed to the little attention by the private developers/landlords towards the rental housing development, yet they are perceived to be the major players on the supply side. The main objective of this research is to critically examine the rental housing market in Kenya and determine why despite the high demand for affordable rental housing, there has not been adequate corresponding supply of good quality housing units, a phenomenon which denotes market failure. This research aims at exploring the institutional environment to find out what has hindered delivery of adequate affordable rental housing despite high demand. This study has been guided by critical realism philosophical perspective and combines the conceptualisation in the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and the theoretical richness in the New Institutional Economics (NIE) to develop the conceptual framework for analysing market failure in the rental housing market. The study utilizes mixed methods research design where both qualitative and quantitative research approaches have been employed, comprising a combination of cross-section survey of lower-middle income tenants and interviews of existing landlords, developers, key informants from the relevant public and private sector stakeholders. The main findings of this study underscore the significance of institutional environment in influencing the outcomes of the housing market, and note that as currently constituted, the institutional framework is not practically well-matched to support delivery of affordable rental housing units and as such discourages developers from the rental sector. The frameworks ranging from policy, regulatory and financial systems coupled with inferior performance of rental sector compared to development for sale systematically, but inadvertently lead to market failure in the rental housing market. This study recommends formulation of a distinct Rental Housing Policy and consequently Rental Housing Act complete with implementation framework to deal with issues intrinsic to the rental sector. It has made various and diverse contributions to the existing body of knowledge which comprise theoretical, contextual, empirical and policy perspective

    Strategic Conversation

    Get PDF
    International audienceModels of conversation that rely on a strong notion of cooperation don’t apply to strategic conversation — that is, to conversation where the agents’ motives don’t align, such as courtroom cross examination and political debate. We provide a game-theoretic framework that provides an analysis of both cooperative and strategic conversation. Our analysis features a new notion of safety that applies to implicatures: an implicature is safe when it can be reliably treated as a matter of public record. We explore the safety of implicatures within cooperative and non cooperative settings. We then provide a symbolic model enabling us (i) to prove a correspondence result between a characterisation of conversation in terms of an alignment of players’ preferences and one where Gricean principles of cooperative conversation like Sincerity hold, and (ii) to show when an implicature is safe and when it is not

    AKU-NAMA : Summer 2014, Volume 7, Issue 1

    Get PDF
    Highlights- The Right Attitude is Important- Keep Learning- On the Frontline- Convocation- Saving Lives through Early Childhood- Education - Badakhshan- Fast Medicine- Class Noteshttps://ecommons.aku.edu/aku_nama/1023/thumbnail.jp

    A revised history of the era of King Hezekiah of Judah and its background

    Get PDF
    Abstract The reason why I have called this thesis a revised history for the era of king Hezekiah, and for the background to that era, is because my reconstruction of this particular period of the history of ancient Israel and of the nations associated with it will depart quite significantly from the standard text-book versions of it. My justification for blazing this unique historical trail stems from the comments made by examiners of my 1993 MA thesis, The Sothic Star Theory of the Egyptian Calendar, to the effect that: (a) I had shown the conventional chronology of ancient Egypt - to which that of the other nations (such as Assyria, Babylonia, Israel, Ethiopia and Greece) is largely tied - to be quite unsound, and that therefore, (b) the way lies open for ‘a more acceptable alternative’. Basically, this thesis is that ‘alternative’ as I see it for the era of king Hezekiah of Judah (late C8th BC), and for the background to that era (largely commencing early C9th BC). This new thesis will be an in-depth chronological analysis and realignment of the era of Hezekiah and its background with a special focus upon trying to determine, in a revised context, who were the Judaean king’s major contemporaries and what were their origins. Though Hezekiah’s era is generally quite a well-documented one, I expect to show in this thesis that it nevertheless stands in need of a substantial renovation, due especially to the over-extended Egyptian Sothic chronology and its effect upon the current version of neo-Assyrian history with which biblical historians have attempted to align the reign of king Hezekiah. The renovation to be undertaken in this thesis will reveal the era of Hezekiah to be in fact a most complex one; a meeting place for some extremely significant events in the history of Egypt/Ethiopia, Anatolia, Syro-Palestine, Greece and Mesopotamia. Introductory Section I review in Chapter 1, in a general way, the problems associated with the faulty chronology of Egypt, after having, in the Introduction, set the historical scene for Hezekiah, identifying the major nations at his time, and hinting at where the problems may lie and what sort of solutions will be proposed. A new set of chronological ‘anchors’ for the reign of king Hezekiah will be suggested. VOLUME ONE: A CHRONOLOGICAL REALIGNMENT OF KING HEZEKIAH AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES Part I: In Search of ‘A More Acceptable Alternative’ to the Conventional Background for the Era of Hezekiah In Chapter 2 I take an initial step back in time, in order to introduce a conglomerate of new peoples who appeared in the ancient Near East - ‘Indo-Europeans’ as I shall be generally calling them - amongst whom, as I shall argue, were the ancestors of some of the most important kings of Hezekiah’s day. Following on from this will be the introduction, in Chapter 3, of an early C9th BC king - arising from these immigrant peoples - whom I shall proceed to identify as a great ancestor-king, affecting major kingships contemporaneous with Hezekiah. This background analysis will continue on into Chapter 4, into the mid-late C9th BC, with the introduction of a second significant king, generally thought to have been a descendant of the first, who will be of crucial dynastic importance affecting Hezekiah’s time, especially in regard to Egypt. Part II: King Hezekiah and His Mesopotamian Contemporaries Revised In this section I consider the problems that specifically relate to the era of king Hezekiah and his connections primarily with Mesopotamia (mainly Assyria and Babylonia). In the first chapter, on Judah/Israel (Chapter 5), I examine the chronology of Hezekiah’s reign in its relation to the kingdom of Israel and the major events associated with the latter. Of special interest here will be the incident of the fall of Samaria. I shall, in regard to this incident, reconsider, and alter, the current dates for king Hezekiah himself; these, I shall argue, being based upon a faulty chronology of Assyria. Related to all of this will be Chapter 6, my lengthy revision of neo-Assyrian history, in which I shall arrive at some quite startling conclusions that will serve to shave off thirty years or more from the conventional estimate. Only as a result of these reduced dates though, shall I argue, can there be attained a proper correspondence between king Hezekiah and his Mesopotamian contemporaries, with the resulting chronological realignment becoming the very foundation stone for a new chronology of Judah/Israel. This revision will continue on into Chapter 7, with Babylonia. There I shall examine the major problems and propose solutions that I think will serve to bring a chronologico-historical harmony and alignment right across the board. Part III: King Hezekiah and His Egyptian Contemporaries Revised An even more complex task than attempting to bring into proper alignment the history of Mesopotamia for the Hezekian era will be that of grounding king Hezekiah’s Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries. My discussion here will be dependent upon the conclusions already reached in Part I, in relation to the two seminal kings of foreign origin discussed there in detail. In Chapter 8, I shall set out in summary form all of the major Egypto-Ethiopian activity - and its agents - thought to have been concurrent with the reign of king Hezekiah. Then, in Chapter 9 and Chapter 10, respectively, I shall focus upon the influence, on the nation of Egypt, of those two seminal kings already discussed, with a view later to identifying in the fullest possible way all of Hezekiah’s major Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries. Chapter 11 will afford me with the opportunity of bringing the revised history right to the dawn of the era of Hezekiah; whilst in Chapter 12, now fully within the Hezekian era, I shall finally be able to propose specific answers - based on my lengthy (of necessity) revision of the background Egyptian history - to what will have turned out to be two extremely difficult questions to answer: namely, Who were king Hezekiah’s main Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries (and what were their origins)? and: To which dynasties did these particular pharaohs belong? VOLUME TWO: SENNACHERIB’S INVASIONS OF HEZEKIAH’S KINGDOM AND HIS DEFEAT Part I: Sennacherib’s Invasions of King Hezekiah’s Kingdom Having attempted to establish, in VOLUME ONE, a most comprehensive, revised alignment of king Hezekiah with all of his major contemporaries, from Egypt/Ethiopia to Mesopotamia, I now proceed to tackle vexed problems associated with the king’s reign in regard to the incursions of Assyria into the Judaean kingdom. For example: Did Sennacherib king of Assyria launch a major attack on Jerusalem once or twice? and: What actually happened to Sennacherib’s army of 185,000? My revision of neo-Assyrian history has now hopefully made it possible for me to provide a firm answer to the first question, to which I shall dedicate Chapter 1. Part II: Demise of the Assyrian Army and of Sennacherib To answer the second question, I shall be drawing also upon the pseudepigraphal Book of Judith in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. This action-packed book holds, I believe, the very key to what happened to the ill-fated Assyrian army. But I must at the same time fully integrate the Book of Judith with Kings, Chronicles and Isaiah for the era of Hezekiah so that there can be no doubt about the former’s relevance. This detailed work will simply be an extension of VOLUME ONE, in which I had sought to confirm who were king Hezekiah’s contemporaries. But it will also add a fascinating new dimension to it. The Epilogue will provide me with an opportunity to discuss the aftermath of the Assyrian defeat and what befell some of the leading characters whom we shall have encountered. It will also serve as a lead-in to my Excursus on Isaiah, whose primary purpose will be to highlight the prophet’s celebrated rîle - according to this revision - in Assyria, subsequent to Israel’s victory. A reconstructed history (chronology) needs a revised stratigraphy to underpin it all. Throughout this thesis I shall also be endeavouring to lay down a sound, basic stratigraphy for king Hezekiah and his contemporaries and for the background to Hezekiah’s era

    A revised history of the era of King Hezekiah of Judah and its background

    Get PDF
    Abstract The reason why I have called this thesis a revised history for the era of king Hezekiah, and for the background to that era, is because my reconstruction of this particular period of the history of ancient Israel and of the nations associated with it will depart quite significantly from the standard text-book versions of it. My justification for blazing this unique historical trail stems from the comments made by examiners of my 1993 MA thesis, The Sothic Star Theory of the Egyptian Calendar, to the effect that: (a) I had shown the conventional chronology of ancient Egypt - to which that of the other nations (such as Assyria, Babylonia, Israel, Ethiopia and Greece) is largely tied - to be quite unsound, and that therefore, (b) the way lies open for ‘a more acceptable alternative’. Basically, this thesis is that ‘alternative’ as I see it for the era of king Hezekiah of Judah (late C8th BC), and for the background to that era (largely commencing early C9th BC). This new thesis will be an in-depth chronological analysis and realignment of the era of Hezekiah and its background with a special focus upon trying to determine, in a revised context, who were the Judaean king’s major contemporaries and what were their origins. Though Hezekiah’s era is generally quite a well-documented one, I expect to show in this thesis that it nevertheless stands in need of a substantial renovation, due especially to the over-extended Egyptian Sothic chronology and its effect upon the current version of neo-Assyrian history with which biblical historians have attempted to align the reign of king Hezekiah. The renovation to be undertaken in this thesis will reveal the era of Hezekiah to be in fact a most complex one; a meeting place for some extremely significant events in the history of Egypt/Ethiopia, Anatolia, Syro-Palestine, Greece and Mesopotamia. Introductory Section I review in Chapter 1, in a general way, the problems associated with the faulty chronology of Egypt, after having, in the Introduction, set the historical scene for Hezekiah, identifying the major nations at his time, and hinting at where the problems may lie and what sort of solutions will be proposed. A new set of chronological ‘anchors’ for the reign of king Hezekiah will be suggested. VOLUME ONE: A CHRONOLOGICAL REALIGNMENT OF KING HEZEKIAH AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES Part I: In Search of ‘A More Acceptable Alternative’ to the Conventional Background for the Era of Hezekiah In Chapter 2 I take an initial step back in time, in order to introduce a conglomerate of new peoples who appeared in the ancient Near East - ‘Indo-Europeans’ as I shall be generally calling them - amongst whom, as I shall argue, were the ancestors of some of the most important kings of Hezekiah’s day. Following on from this will be the introduction, in Chapter 3, of an early C9th BC king - arising from these immigrant peoples - whom I shall proceed to identify as a great ancestor-king, affecting major kingships contemporaneous with Hezekiah. This background analysis will continue on into Chapter 4, into the mid-late C9th BC, with the introduction of a second significant king, generally thought to have been a descendant of the first, who will be of crucial dynastic importance affecting Hezekiah’s time, especially in regard to Egypt. Part II: King Hezekiah and His Mesopotamian Contemporaries Revised In this section I consider the problems that specifically relate to the era of king Hezekiah and his connections primarily with Mesopotamia (mainly Assyria and Babylonia). In the first chapter, on Judah/Israel (Chapter 5), I examine the chronology of Hezekiah’s reign in its relation to the kingdom of Israel and the major events associated with the latter. Of special interest here will be the incident of the fall of Samaria. I shall, in regard to this incident, reconsider, and alter, the current dates for king Hezekiah himself; these, I shall argue, being based upon a faulty chronology of Assyria. Related to all of this will be Chapter 6, my lengthy revision of neo-Assyrian history, in which I shall arrive at some quite startling conclusions that will serve to shave off thirty years or more from the conventional estimate. Only as a result of these reduced dates though, shall I argue, can there be attained a proper correspondence between king Hezekiah and his Mesopotamian contemporaries, with the resulting chronological realignment becoming the very foundation stone for a new chronology of Judah/Israel. This revision will continue on into Chapter 7, with Babylonia. There I shall examine the major problems and propose solutions that I think will serve to bring a chronologico-historical harmony and alignment right across the board. Part III: King Hezekiah and His Egyptian Contemporaries Revised An even more complex task than attempting to bring into proper alignment the history of Mesopotamia for the Hezekian era will be that of grounding king Hezekiah’s Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries. My discussion here will be dependent upon the conclusions already reached in Part I, in relation to the two seminal kings of foreign origin discussed there in detail. In Chapter 8, I shall set out in summary form all of the major Egypto-Ethiopian activity - and its agents - thought to have been concurrent with the reign of king Hezekiah. Then, in Chapter 9 and Chapter 10, respectively, I shall focus upon the influence, on the nation of Egypt, of those two seminal kings already discussed, with a view later to identifying in the fullest possible way all of Hezekiah’s major Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries. Chapter 11 will afford me with the opportunity of bringing the revised history right to the dawn of the era of Hezekiah; whilst in Chapter 12, now fully within the Hezekian era, I shall finally be able to propose specific answers - based on my lengthy (of necessity) revision of the background Egyptian history - to what will have turned out to be two extremely difficult questions to answer: namely, Who were king Hezekiah’s main Egypto-Ethiopian contemporaries (and what were their origins)? and: To which dynasties did these particular pharaohs belong? VOLUME TWO: SENNACHERIB’S INVASIONS OF HEZEKIAH’S KINGDOM AND HIS DEFEAT Part I: Sennacherib’s Invasions of King Hezekiah’s Kingdom Having attempted to establish, in VOLUME ONE, a most comprehensive, revised alignment of king Hezekiah with all of his major contemporaries, from Egypt/Ethiopia to Mesopotamia, I now proceed to tackle vexed problems associated with the king’s reign in regard to the incursions of Assyria into the Judaean kingdom. For example: Did Sennacherib king of Assyria launch a major attack on Jerusalem once or twice? and: What actually happened to Sennacherib’s army of 185,000? My revision of neo-Assyrian history has now hopefully made it possible for me to provide a firm answer to the first question, to which I shall dedicate Chapter 1. Part II: Demise of the Assyrian Army and of Sennacherib To answer the second question, I shall be drawing also upon the pseudepigraphal Book of Judith in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3. This action-packed book holds, I believe, the very key to what happened to the ill-fated Assyrian army. But I must at the same time fully integrate the Book of Judith with Kings, Chronicles and Isaiah for the era of Hezekiah so that there can be no doubt about the former’s relevance. This detailed work will simply be an extension of VOLUME ONE, in which I had sought to confirm who were king Hezekiah’s contemporaries. But it will also add a fascinating new dimension to it. The Epilogue will provide me with an opportunity to discuss the aftermath of the Assyrian defeat and what befell some of the leading characters whom we shall have encountered. It will also serve as a lead-in to my Excursus on Isaiah, whose primary purpose will be to highlight the prophet’s celebrated rîle - according to this revision - in Assyria, subsequent to Israel’s victory. A reconstructed history (chronology) needs a revised stratigraphy to underpin it all. Throughout this thesis I shall also be endeavouring to lay down a sound, basic stratigraphy for king Hezekiah and his contemporaries and for the background to Hezekiah’s era

    Efficient Decision Support Systems

    Get PDF
    This series is directed to diverse managerial professionals who are leading the transformation of individual domains by using expert information and domain knowledge to drive decision support systems (DSSs). The series offers a broad range of subjects addressed in specific areas such as health care, business management, banking, agriculture, environmental improvement, natural resource and spatial management, aviation administration, and hybrid applications of information technology aimed to interdisciplinary issues. This book series is composed of three volumes: Volume 1 consists of general concepts and methodology of DSSs; Volume 2 consists of applications of DSSs in the biomedical domain; Volume 3 consists of hybrid applications of DSSs in multidisciplinary domains. The book is shaped upon decision support strategies in the new infrastructure that assists the readers in full use of the creative technology to manipulate input data and to transform information into useful decisions for decision makers

    Climate Change, new Metanarrative for Humanity : Climate Policy in the western Mediterranean

    Get PDF
    “Why is there not an adequate and efficient answer to climate change?” is a question that has been haunting millions of people around the world for the last decades, and that is growingly being made by all publics. Despite the scientific consensus on climate change, the necessary measures to deter this phenomenon are still far from the speed and range necessary to effectively address it (when there are any measures at all). Metanarratives are the grand histories that humankind tells itself to guide its practices and actions. They either work towards solving this civilisational crisis or to stop any effective solutions. The current metanarrative of globalised capitalist positivism is one of the main obstacles to stopping the climate crisis, but there is a conflict of metanarratives in the world today, and new possibilities are coming into existence. Potential future metanarratives for a different climate will either be survival of the fittest or civilising tools when human civilisation is in its most dangerous moment. The current metanarrative underpins capitalist dominance and is perpetuated through capitalist ideology and hegemony, locking humanity into a path of irreversible climate change. The unavoidable systematic change needed to effectively tackle climate change will go as deep as the social construction of what “human nature” is and what relations humans have to each other and the environment. Through an adaptation of Michael Burawoy’s extended case method a methodology has been developed to evaluate the appearance of a new climate change metanarrative articulated with social justice, a climate justice potential metanarrative. A historical study on the evolution of public policy and climate policy in particular for three countries in the western mediterranean - Portugal, Spain and Morocco - was conducted. A revision of information about each of the countries, focusing on the evolution of climate and future scenarios, as well as social, economical, political and industrial tendencies, was done. There were 1107 interviews conducted for this thesis, 46 of which were face-toface and structured. A methodological tool was developed to quantify the difference between really existing climate policy and climate action that would achieve the affirmed goals of stopping climate collapse on the three countries. Over the course of three years post-Paris Agreement enquiries were conducted in Portugal (in the ClimAdaPT.local project), in Spain and Morocco, focusing on national and local politicians, academia, social movements and private enterprises. From believing into climate change until supporting effective climate policies, there is a long path where world views, political affiliation and ideology, cultural values, perception of risks, experiencing climate change, notions of international and social justice, attribution of responsibilities and public participation play a very important role. The inquiries revealed that many personal and collective blocks are determinant in the path into reaching policies that effectively respond to the climate crisis, and that shifting world views and experiences that affect this path will be tested in the coming years. This is a qualitative expression of the current metanarrative of globalised capitalist positivism and the political clashes of the present moment open the door to new metanarratives, including a potential metanarrative of climate justice. Together with other researchers ‘climate policy gap’ graphics were developed for Portugal, Spain and Morocco to help reveal this divide and quantify the under-reaction between diagnosis and action, through layers of political indecision, mis-communication, insufficient action and the power of the fossil fuels industries. The climate policy gaps for the three nations revealed overshoots on even the most ambitious levels of emissions reductions pledged when compared to trajectories compatible with 1.5ÂșC or 2ÂșC limits. This research suggests that there is a built-in feature of under-reaction in climate policy, which staves off any emission pathways compatible with stopping a temperature rise above 1.5ÂșC by 2100. The climate policy gap is a political and methodological tool that reveals systemic shortcomings of climate action, its visibility identifies benchmarks and sectors that should be activated to close these gaps in response to the growing popular demands for climate justice and it quantifies the gap between a metanarrative of globalised capitalist positivism and what is necessary to prevent reaching even the Paris Agreement’s targets. 2018 and 2019 saw the emergence of a much stronger climate justice movement. The three most relevant components of this movement - Blockadia, Youth Climate Strikes (Fridays for Future) and Extinction Rebellion - have combined efforts in a global call for civil disobedience and insurgency on political lines that respond to the climate science that calls for a 50% greenhouse gas global cuts by 2030. They have put in the forefront the issue of social justice. Growingly radical Green New Deals' versions and campaigns such as Climate Jobs are creating political programs for a social revolution in line with German jewish philosopher Walter Benjamin’s idea of revolution as the emergency break when history moves in a catastrophic direction. An early critic of the dangers posed by the threats of progress and technological development led by capitalism, Benjamin proposed an alternative view of revolution: it is not inevitable or a natural result of the contradiction between productive forces and productive relations, but rather an interruption of an historical evolution that is leading to catastrophe. These movements and programs are not enough for the emergence of a new climate justice potential metanarrative, although they are necessary conditions for it. In conclusion, there are signs of the emergence of a climate justice potential metanarrative, with a push for the creation of new institutions, adaptation of old ones, public perception of the dimension of the problem of climate change and effective legislative response to it. Some of the most expressive characteristics of this potential metanarrative were outlined: a human awakening full of impetus for social reordering; a redistribution of power, wellbeing and cooperation; a new notion of prosperity inside natural limits and just resource redistribution; reconnection of knowledges and sciences; the need for a public and participatory science to address human’s and earth’s needs; the teleology of humanity’s collective survival; understanding and respecting life system’s cycles, favouring life’s diversity as an efficient tool against the current increase in entropy in the ecosphere; acknowledging and integrating the care economy into daily life, with the coresponsibilization of men and women for care and maintenance activities; recovering indigenous people’s knowledge of biomimicry as a collective tool, promoting human beneficial effects on life cycles and ecosystems; understanding capitalist production’s incompatibility with basic life system’s principles. A new potential metanarrative for climate change is a historical novelty, but only such a novel Grand History can give humanity a chance to overcome the biggest threat it has ever faced
    • 

    corecore