Marker hiding methods: Applications in augmented reality

© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.In augmented reality, the markers are noticeable by their simple design of a rectangular image with black and white areas that disturb the reality of the overall view. As the markerless techniques are not usually robust enough, hiding the markers has a valuable usage, which many researchers have focused on. Categorizing the marker hiding methods is the main motivation of this study, which explains each of them in detail and discusses the advantages and shortcomings of each. The main ideas, enhancements, and future works of the well-known techniques are also comprehensively summarized and analyzed in depth. The main goal of this study is to provide researchers who are interested in markerless or hiding-marker methods an easier approach for choosing the method that is best suited to their aims. This work reviews the different methods that hide the augmented reality marker by using information from its surrounding area. These methods have considerable differences in their smooth continuation of the textures that hide the marker area as well as their performance to hide the augmented reality marker in real time. It is also hoped that our analysis helps researchers find solutions to the drawbacks of each method. © 201

Wearable augmented reality system using invisible visual markers and an IR camera

ISWC'05 : IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers , Oct 18-21, 2005 , Osaka, JapanWearable augmented reality system using invisible visual markers and an IR camer

Corrección del error en el proceso de registro en los sistemas de realidad aumentada utilizando técnicas heurísticas

Desde la masificación de los primeros computadores en la década de los 90’s su uso estaba restringido a desarrollar tareas específicas y cálculos repetitivos. En la actualidad, los computadores y sistemas informáticos están permeando cada vez más las actividades humanas, convirtiéndose en lo que Weiser define como Sistemas Ubicuos [Wei99]. Este nuevo paradigma de interacción humano-máquina implica disponer de interfaces naturales que permitan una comunicación efectiva entre el usuario y la máquina, presentando grandes retos para las ciencias de la computación en cuanto al diseño de sistemas, su modelamiento y, en particular, el desarrollo de las interfaces de usuario. En este contexto, las interfaces deben entrar en consonancia con el concepto de Amplificación de la Inteligencia [Bro96][Bro96a] tal que permita la creación de sistemas capaces de amplificar o mejorar las capaces cognitivas humanas en lugar de imitarlas o reemplazarlas. En esta búsqueda de interfaces cada vez más naturales que extiendan las capacidades perceptivas humanas, surge la creación de nuevos entornos y metáforas de visualización como la Realidad Virtual (RV) y la Realidad Aumentada (RA). En particular, la realidad aumentada aparece como un nuevo paradigma de visualización e interacción humano-máquina que permite al usuario obtener información adicional (información virtual) de su entorno e incluso manipular esta información conservando su relación con el ambiente real. La obtención de dicha información adicional, se logra mediante la superposición en el ambiente real, de información virtual generada por computador. La creación de un sistema de realidad aumentada involucra varias etapas, a saber: calibración de dispositivos, extracción de características, seguimiento y registro. Esta última etapa presenta grandes retos para la creación de un ambiente de RA realista, ya que aquí se une tanto la información virtual como la real; si dicha alineación no es correcta, el sistema será visualmente incoherente. Es por esto que el registro es una etapa crítica que actualmente limita las aplicaciones de realidad aumentada. En la presente tesis, se aborda por medio de técnicas heurísticas esta limitación, que ha sido recurrente en la literatura. Como aporte se propone el uso de técnicas heurísticas, las cuales hasta ahora no han sido abordadas en la literatura, para disminuir el error existente entre la información de posicionamiento obtenida en etapas anteriores al proceso de registro (información estimada) y la información real. Dicha disminución en el error se traduce en un alineamiento real-virtual (etapa de registro) mucho más preciso y coherente, obteniendo en consecuencia sistemas o ambientes que apoyen de manera efectiva los problemas de visualización y acceso a información en una mayor cantidad de aplicaciones./Abstarct. Since the first computers appear in the early 90’s, its use was restricted to perform specific tasks and repetitive calculations. Today, computers are getting mixed in human activities more and more, becoming what Weiser [Wei99] defined as ubiquitous systems. This new paradigm of human-machine interaction implies the availability of natural interfaces that allow an effective communication between the user and the machine. It presents great challenges for computer science related to the systems design and modeling, and in particular, the development of user interfaces. In this context, the interfaces must be in relation with the concept of Intelligence Amplification [Bro96][Bro96a], that allows the creation of systems that can amplify or improve human cognitive perceptions rather than imitate or replace them. In this search for more and more natural interfaces that extend human cognitive capacities, new environments and visualization metaphors such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) rose. In particular, augmented reality appears as a new paradigm for visualization and human-machine interaction that allows the user to obtain additional information (virtual information) from his/her environment and even manipulate this information while preserving their relationship with the real world. Obtaining such information is achieved by the overlap in the real environment, virtual information generated by computer. The creation of an augmented reality system involves several steps, namely, device calibration, feature extraction, tracking and registration. This last stage presents great challenges for creating an realistic AR environment, since this stage binds both the virtual and the real information, if the alignment is not correct, the system will be visually incoherent. This is why the registration is a critical stage which currently limits the applications of augmented reality. In this thesis, this limitation is tackle by means of heuristics. Contributions include the use of heuristics to reduce the error between the position information obtained in previous stages to the registration process (information estimated) and real data. This reduction in error resulting in a real-virtual alignment (registration stage) much more accurate and consistent, thus gaining support to systems and environments to solve effectively visualization problems and access to information in a larger number of applications.Maestrí

An intelligent multi-floor mobile robot transportation system in life science laboratories

In this dissertation, a new intelligent multi-floor transportation system based on mobile robot is presented to connect the distributed laboratories in multi-floor environment. In the system, new indoor mapping and localization are presented, hybrid path planning is proposed, and an automated doors management system is presented. In addition, a hybrid strategy with innovative floor estimation to handle the elevator operations is implemented. Finally the presented system controls the working processes of the related sub-system. The experiments prove the efficiency of the presented system