Fault Detection and Classification using Wavelet and ANN in DFIG and TCSC Connected Transmission Line

This paper presents fault detection and classification using Wavelet and ANN based methods in a DFIG-based series compensated system. The state-of-the art methods include Wavelet transform, Fourier transform, and Wavelet-neuro fuzzy methods-based system for fault detection and classification. However, the accuracy of these state-of-the-art methods diminishes during variable conditions such as changes in wind speed, high impedance faults, and the changes in the series compensation level. Specifically, in Wavelet transform based methods, the threshold values need to be adapted based on the variable field conditions. To solve this problem, this paper has proposed a Wavelet-ANN based fault detection method where Wavelet is used as an identifier and ANN is used as a classifier for detecting various fault cases. This methodology is also effective under SSR condition. The proposed methodology is evaluated on various fault and non-fault cases generated on an IEEE first benchmark model under varying compensation levels from 20% to 55%, impedance faults, and wind velocity from 6m/sec to 10m/sec using MATLAB/Simulink, OPALRT(OP4510) manufactured real-time digital simulator environment, Arduino board I/O ports communicating with external PC in which ANN model dumped, using Arduino support package of MATLAB. The preliminary results are compared with the state-of-the-art fault detection method, where the proposed method shows robust performance under varying field conditions

Ubicación de fallas eléctricas en líneas de transmisión basado en el filtro de Kalman

En el presente trabajo se aborda una metodología que permita ubicar y clasificar los diferentes tipos de fallas eléctricas que se puedan generar en una línea de transmisión, para ello se realiza un algoritmo del filtro de Kalman el cual se basa en el análisis de las señales de corriente y voltaje obtenidas del simulador EMPT en el cual se planteó varios escenarios con fallas de tipo simétricas y asimétricas en las líneas de transmisión del SEP. El problema está enfocado en ubicar fallas eléctricas en las líneas de transmisión del sistema IEEE de 9 barras y los resultados obtenidos llevarlos al algoritmo del filtro de Kalman que ha sido desarrollado en Matlab, el cual se basa en realizar un conjunto de procesos recursivos con las señales de voltaje y corriente que alimentan al filtro y así permitir visualizar un estado oculto de un proceso, que para el caso es ubicar fallas eléctricas. Este es un método que no requiere de un previo conocimiento o aproximación del tipo de falla, puesto que el filtro se caracteriza por ser un estimador y por ende se forma de una parte predictiva y correctiva. Los resultados obtenidos han sido verificados generando varios escenarios de fallas con el simulador EMPT, validando la eficacia y precisión del método propuesto basado en el filtro Kalman para la identificación de fallas eléctricas.In the present work a methodology is approached that allows to locate and classify the different types of electrical faults that can be generated in a transmission line, for this a Kalman filter algorithm is carried out which is based on the analysis of the signals of current and voltage obtained from the EMPT simulator in which several scenarios with symmetric and asymmetric failures in the transmission lines of the SEP were proposed. The problem is focused on locating electrical faults in the transmission lines of the IEEE 9-bar system and the results obtained are taken to the Kalman filter algorithm that has been developed in Matlab, which is based on performing a set of recursive processes with the voltage and current signals that feed the filter and thus allow to visualize a hidden state of a process, which for the case is to locate electrical faults. This is a method that does not require prior knowledge or approximation of the type of failure since the filter is characterized by being an estimator and therefore is made up of a predictive and corrective part. The results obtained have been verified by generating various fault scenarios with the EMPT simulator, validating the efficiency and precision of the proposed method based on the Kalman filter for the identification of electrical faults

Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium

As in all fields of work, an unmanageable number of abbreviations are used today in aviation for terms, definitions, commands, standards and technical descriptions. This applies in general to the areas of aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance, cockpit and air traffic control working positions, passenger and cargo transport, and all other areas of flight planning, organization and guidance. In addition, many abbreviations are used more than once or have different meanings in different languages. In order to obtain an overview of the most common abbreviations used in air traffic management, organizations like EUROCONTROL, FAA, DWD and DLR have published lists of abbreviations in the past, which have also been enclosed in this document. In addition, abbreviations from some larger international projects related to aviation have been included to provide users with a directory as complete as possible. This means that the second edition of the Air Traffic Management Abbreviation Compendium includes now around 16,500 abbreviations and acronyms from the field of aviation

ECOS 2012

The 8-volume set contains the Proceedings of the 25th ECOS 2012 International Conference, Perugia, Italy, June 26th to June 29th, 2012. ECOS is an acronym for Efficiency, Cost, Optimization and Simulation (of energy conversion systems and processes), summarizing the topics covered in ECOS: Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Exergy and Second Law Analysis, Process Integration and Heat Exchanger Networks, Fluid Dynamics and Power Plant Components, Fuel Cells, Simulation of Energy Conversion Systems, Renewable Energies, Thermo-Economic Analysis and Optimisation, Combustion, Chemical Reactors, Carbon Capture and Sequestration, Building/Urban/Complex Energy Systems, Water Desalination and Use of Water Resources, Energy Systems- Environmental and Sustainability Issues, System Operation/ Control/Diagnosis and Prognosis, Industrial Ecology

Survey of hydrogen production and utilization methods. Volume 2: Discussion

For abstract, see N76-15590