ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VOIP) PADA SISTEM CDMA 1X EV-DO REVISION A

ABSTRAKSI: Perkembangan teknologi wireless menunjukan peningkatan data rate yang signifikan. Salah satunya adalah teknologi CDMA terutama CDMA 1x EV-DO. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan data rate dari setiap pengembangan yang dilakukan. CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 memiliki data rate untuk arah forward/reverse link sebesar 2,4Mbps/156Kbps. CDMA 1x EV-DO revision A merupakan pengembangan dari CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 memiliki data rate untuk arah forward/reverse link mencapai 3,1Mbps/1,8Mbps. Peningkatan data rate ini memungkinkan penerapan berbagai layanan multimedia.Dalam tugas akhir ini menganalisis kemungkinan penerapan layanan VoIP pada sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO dengan memperhatikan parameter hasil pengukuran dan studi literatur. Parameter delay, packet loss, jitter, dan data rate sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO diukur untuk kemudian dianalisis. Sehingga kelayakan penerapan layanan VoIP pada sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO bisa dinilai. Untuk menguji parameter-parameter kualitas diatas, penulis memanfaatkan sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO yang telah diterapkan di beberapa operator di Indonesia. Penulis juga merancang beberapa skenario pengujian untuk mendapatkan nilainilai parameter tersebut.Dari hasil pengujian dan analisa menunjukan bahwa layanan VoIP belum bisa diterapkan secara baik pada sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO baik itu CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 maupun revision A. Data rate yang sangat terbatas untuk arah reverse link pada sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 menunjukan bahwa layanan VoIP belum bisa diterpakan pada sistem ini. Sedangkan untuk sistem CDMA 1x EV-DO revision A berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dan analisa, layanan VoIP masih bisa diterapkan namun dengan kualitas yang masih rendah. Hasil pengukuran menunjukan nilai MOS berkisar antara 1,9 2,1 masih jauh dari nilai standar yang ditetapkan oleh ITU-T. Penyebab masih randahnya nilai MOS hasil analisa disebabkan karena masih tingginya delay pada sistem ini.Kata Kunci : CDMA, VoIP, MOSABSTRACT: The wireless technology movement shows the significant increasing of data rate. One of them is the CDMA technology especially CDMA 1x EV-DO. It can be seen from the increasing of data rate from every expansion that they have done. CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 has tendency data rate to forward/reverse link approximately 2,4Mbps/156Kbps. The increasing of data rate has a possibility to be applied for every multimedia service.This final exam analyzed the possibility of application VoIP service at CDMA 1x EV-DO system with the concern on measuring result and literature study. The delay parameter, packet loss, jitter, and data rate of CDMA 1x EV-DO system measured and then to be analyzed. So that, the performance of VoIP on CDMA 1x EV-DO system could be measured. The writer used the CDMA 1x EV-DO that has been applied on some operators in Indonesia for trying the VoIP quality parameter. The writer has just been designed some trial script for getting the parameters value.The result of trial and analysis showed that VoIP service can not be well applied on CDMA 1x EV-DO even for CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 or revision A. The limited data rate for reverse link on CDMA 1x EV-DO release 0 systems showed that VoIP can not be applied for this system. In the other side, based on result of measuring and analyzing for CDMA 1x EV-DO revision A system, the VoIP service can be applied even the quality still does not as good as we expect. The result showed that MOS value approximately between 1,9 2,1 still far away from ITU-T standard. As we knew that MOS has low value and it caused by the high value delay at this system.Keyword: CDMA, VoIP, MO

Quality of service and channel-aware packet bundling for capacity improvement in cellular networks

Title from PDF of title page, viewed on May 26, 2011VitaIncludes bibliographical references (p. 76-84)Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Computing and Engineering. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2011We study the problem of multiple packet bundling to improve spectral efficiency in cellular networks. The packet size of real-time data, such as VoIP, is often very small. However, the common use of time division multiplexing limits the number of VoIP users supported, because a packet has to wait until it receives a time slot, and if only one small VoIP packet is placed in a time slot, capacity is wasted. Packet bundling can alleviate such a problem by sharing a time slot among multiple users. A recent revision of cdma2000 1xEV-DO introduced the concept of the multi-user packet (MUP) in the downlink to overcome limitations on the number of time slots. However, the efficacy of packet bundling is not well understood, particularly in the presence of time varying channels. We propose a novel QoS and channel-aware packet bundling algorithm that takes advantage of adaptive modulation and coding. We show that optimal algorithms are NP complete and recommend heuristic approaches. We also show that channel utilization can be significantly increased by slightly delaying some real-time packets within their QoS requirements while bundling those packets with like channel conditions. We validate our study through extensive OPNET simulations with a complete EV-DO implementation.Introduction -- Related work -- Background on wireless systems -- Multiple packet bundling -- Evaluation -- Conclusion

QoS and channel-aware packet bundeling for capacity improvement in cellular networks

We study the problem of multiple packet bundling to improve spectral efficiency in cellular networks. The packet size of real-time data, such as VoIP, is often very small. However, the common use of time division multiplexing limits the number of VoIP users supported, because a packet has to wait until it receives a time slot, and if only one small VoIP packet is placed in a time slot, capacity is wasted. Packet bundling can alleviate such a problem by sharing a time slot among multiple users. A recent revision of cdma2000 1xEV-DO introduced the concept of the multi-user packet (MUP) in the downlink to overcome limitations on the number of time slots. However, the efficacy of packet bundling is not well understood, particularly in the presence of time varying channels. We propose a novel QoS and channel-aware packet bundling algorithm that takes advantage of adaptive modulation and coding. We show that optimal algorithms are NP-complete, recommend heuristic approaches, and use analytical performance modeling to show the gains in capacity that can be achieved from our packet bundling algorithms. We show that channel utilization can be significantly increased by slightly delaying some real-time packets within their QoS requirements while bundling those packets with like channel conditions. We validate our study through extensive OPNET simulations with a complete EV-DO implementation.Supported in part by U.S. National Science Foundation under grant no. 072971

Performance of hard handoff in 1xev-do rev. a systems

1x Evolution-Data Optimized Revision A (1xEV-DO Rev. A) is a cellular communications standard that introduces key enhancements to the high data rate packet switched 1xEV-DO Release 0 standard. The enhancements are driven by the increasing demand on some applications that are delay sensitive and require symmetric data rates on the uplink and the downlink. Some examples of such applications being video telephony and voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The handoff operation is critical for delay sensitive applications because the mobile station (MS) is not supposed to lose service for long periods of time. Therefore seamless server selection is used in Rev. A systems. This research analyzes the performance of this handoff technique. A theoretical approach is presented to calculate the slot error probability (SEP). The approach enables evaluating the effects of filtering, hysteresis as well as the system introduced delay to handoff execution. Unlike previous works, the model presented in this thesis considers multiple base stations (BS) and accounts for correlation of shadow fading affecting different signal powers received from different BSs. The theoretical results are then verified over ranges of parameters of practical interest using simulations, which are also used to evaluate the packet error rate (PER) and the number of handoffs per second. Results show that the SEP gives a good indication about the PER. Results also show that when considering practical handoff delays, moderately large filter constants are more efficient than smaller ones

SCHEDULING IN PACKET SWITCHED CELLULAR WIRELESS SYSTEMS

In cellular wireless networks where users have independent fading channels, throughput for delay tolerant applications has been greatly increased on the downlink by using opportunistic schedulers at the base station. These schedulers exploit the multiuser diversity inherent in cellular systems. An interesting question is how opportunistic schedulers will provide Quality of Service(QoS) guarantees for a mix of data traffic and traffic from delay-sensitive multimedia applications. In the first part of this dissertation, we completely characterize the scheduled rate, delay and packet service times experienced by mobile users in a packet switched cellular wireless system in terms of a configurable base station scheduler metric. The metric used has a general form, combining an estimate of a mobile user's channel quality with the scheduling delay experienced by the user. In addition to quantifying the scheduler performance, our analysis highlights the inherent trade-off between system throughput and the delay experienced by mobile users with opportunistic scheduling. We also use this analysis to study the effect of prioritized voice users on data users in a cellular wireless system with delay constrained opportunistic scheduling. Our statistical analysis of the forward link is validated by extensive simulations of a system architecture based on the CDMA 1xEV-DO system. The increase in data traffic from mobiles to the base station has led to a growing interest in a scheduled reverse link in the 1xEV-DO system. We address the reverse link scheduling problem in a multi-cell scenario with interference constraints both within and outside the cell. This approach leads to a co-operative scheduling algorithm where each base station in a cellular network maximizes the sum of mobile data transmission rates subject to linear constraints on (1) the maximum received power for individual mobiles(2) the total interference caused by scheduled mobiles to (a) traffic and control channels of other mobiles within the cell and (b) mobiles in neighboring cells. Simulations of the reverse link structure based on the 1xEV-D0 system highlight the distinct advantages of this algorithm in ensuring predictable inter-cell interference and higher aggregate cell throughputs

Performance of hard handoff in 1xev-do rev. a systems

1x Evolution-Data Optimized Revision A (1xEV-DO Rev. A) is a cellular communications standard that introduces key enhancements to the high data rate packet switched 1xEV-DO Release 0 standard. The enhancements are driven by the increasing demand on some applications that are delay sensitive and require symmetric data rates on the uplink and the downlink. Some examples of such applications being video telephony and voice over internet protocol (VoIP). The handoff operation is critical for delay sensitive applications because the mobile station (MS) is not supposed to lose service for long periods of time. Therefore seamless server selection is used in Rev. A systems. This research analyzes the performance of this handoff technique. A theoretical approach is presented to calculate the slot error probability (SEP). The approach enables evaluating the effects of filtering, hysteresis as well as the system introduced delay to handoff execution. Unlike previous works, the model presented in this thesis considers multiple base stations (BS) and accounts for correlation of shadow fading affecting different signal powers received from different BSs. The theoretical results are then verified over ranges of parameters of practical interest using simulations, which are also used to evaluate the packet error rate (PER) and the number of handoffs per second. Results show that the SEP gives a good indication about the PER. Results also show that when considering practical handoff delays, moderately large filter constants are more efficient than smaller ones

M-Business: Economy Driver or a Mess?

Reports about mobile wireless technology in the media may be confusing. While we know that the telecommunication industry is in distress, we also observe a phenomenal, indeed unprecedented explosion of the use of mobile wireless devices and services all over the globe. This paper presents a balanced introduction to wireless technology including devices, mobile operating systems, and communication protocols. It discusses standardization efforts, technology evolution paths, and several new and potentially disruptive technologies, some still in the research stage. The paper lists leading global wireless service providers in terms of the number of domestic subscribers and presents an analysis of the six U.S. national operators including their strengths and weaknesses. Only four of them are profitable now. Although the consumer market currently dictates technology evolution, several examples of successful business applications of wireless mobile technology are presented. Finally, the question presented in the title is addressed

VoIP Packet Delay Techniques: A Survey

The continuous development in the field of communication have paved the way for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VoIP is a group of hardware and software that facilitates people to utilize the Internet as the transmission medium for telephone calls by transmitting voice data in packets using IP instead of using conventional circuit transmissions of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). At present, VoIP is becoming an important tool for quick communication across the world. There are several Internet telephony applications existing at present. The major disadvantage in VoIP is that the packet delay. In VoIP, the terminology jitter is used to refer the type of packet delay where the delay has a huge setback in the quality of the voice conversation. Several packet delay techniques were proposed in recent years. Some of the important packet delay techniques are discussed in the literature. This survey would definitely help the researchers to carry out their research for providing better communication in VoIP without any delay