Caupi: nomenclatura cientifica e nomes vulgares.

Fez-se uma revisao de litertura sobr a nomenclatura cientifica das especies do genero Vigna, amplamente cultivadas na Africa, Asia e America e sobre os nomes vulgares dessas especies no Brasil. O genero Vigna pertence a ordem Rosales, familia leguminosae, subfamilia Papilionoideae. Nesse genero, ha quatro grupos de especies, com ampla distribuicao mundial, entre as quais o grupo classificado como Vigna sinensis (L:) Savi, o qual e mais importante agronomicamente. As formas componentes desse grupo, em funcao da variacao que ha entre elas, tem sido objeto de muitas classificacoes, sendo consideradas variedades botanicas, por alguns autores, e subespecies por outros. Atualmente, e aceita a classificacao que reconhece ser esse grupo a especie Vigna unguiculata(L) Walp., e que identifica, dentro dela, as seguintes subespecies: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sequipedalis (L.) Verde; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. cylindrica (L.) van Eseltine; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. dekindtiana (Harms.) Verde; e Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. mensenss (Schweinf.) Verde. Constatou-se um grande numero de nomes vulgares, evidenciando-se que os nomes feijao-macassar e feijao-de-corda, entre todos, sao os mais usados

Comparison of glycaemic indices of some local beans (Vigna unguiculata [Linn] Walp varieties) in Nigerians

Background: Beans are recommended for their richness and for their salutary effect  on blood glucose. Inter-species differences impact on blood glucose. What appeared unknown is whether varieties of beans of the same species (Vigna unguiculata [Linn] Walp) have differential effects on blood glucose when equal amounts are consumed.Objective: To perform proximate analysis and compare the glycaemic indices on  consumption of Vigna unguiculata (Linn) Walp species.Setting and subjects: This was an experimental study and subjects consisted of 12 healthy consenting participants at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) in Lagos, Nigeria.Outcome measure: Fibre contents and the glycaemic indices of Vigna unguiculata (Linn) Walp varieties ‘oloyin’, ‘drum’ and ‘Sokoto’ white.Results: The mean (±SD) crude fibre content of Vigna unguiculata (Linn) Walp varieties ‘oloyin’, ‘drum’ and ‘Sokoto white’ are 2.75% (± 0.00), 2.64% (± 0.14) and 2.94% (± 0.17) respectively. The median (95% CI) glycaemic index (GI) of Vigna unguiculata (Linn) Walp variety ‘oloyin’ was 12.10% (6.0–16.31), variety ‘drum’ 17.64% (9.22–48.93) and variety ‘Sokoto white’ 12.04% (5.54–28.94) respectively. The GI of the bean meals differed significantly (Friedman’s test, χ2 (2) = 6.500, p = 0.039).Conclusion: The fibre content of intra-species beans, together with their GI, differs. ‘Drum’ bean meal has the lowest fibre content and highest glycaemic response.  ‘Oloyin’ and ‘Sokoto white’ bean meals are recommended for persons with DM as some beans are more diabetic friendly than others.Keywords: beans (Vigna unguiculata [Linn] Walp), diabetes mellitus, fibre, glycaemic index, Nigeria

Caupi: nomenclatura científica e nomes vulgares

The literature on the scientific nomenclatura of the several species of Vigna genus, widely cultivated in Africa, Asia and America, was reviewed, as well as the common names used in Brazil. The Vigna genus belongs to the Rosales order, Leguminosae family, and Papilionoideae subfamily. There are four species groups in this genus largely distributed throughout the world, including the group classified as Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi as the most important agriculturally. There are many classifications of the forms of this group, according to the existing variations, some being considered as botanical varieties by some authors and subspecies by others. At present time, the most accepted classification is that one which recognizes this group as Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. sp. and identified the following subspecies: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. cylindrica (L.) van Eseltine; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. dekindtiana (Harms.) Verdc.; and Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Subsp.mensensis (Schweinf.) Verdc. In Brazil, the most popular names used by farmers are "feijão-macássar" and "feijão-de-corda".Fez-se uma revisão de literatura sobre a nomenclatura científica das espécies do gênero Vigna, amplamente cultivadas na África, Ásia e América e sobre os nomes vulgares dessas espécies no Brasil. O gênero Vigna pertence à ordem Rosales, família Leguminosae, subfamília Papilionoideae. Nesse gênero, há quatro grupos de espécies, com ampla distribuição mundial, entre as quais o grupo classificado como Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi, o qual é o mais importante agronomicamente. As formas componentes desse grupo, em função da variação que há entre elas, têm sido objeto de muitas classificações, sendo consideradas variedades botânicas, por alguns autores, e subespécies por alguns outros. Atualmente, é aceita a classificação que reconhece ser esse grupo a espécie Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., e que identifica, dentro dela, as seguintes subespécies: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata; Vigiar unguicuiata (L.) Walp. subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc; Vigiar unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. cylindrica (L.) van Eseltine; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. Dekindtiana (Harms.) Verdc.; e Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp.mensensis (Schweinf.) Verdc. Constatou-se um grande número de nomes vulgares, evidenciando-se que os nomes feijão-macássar e feijão-de-corda, entre todos, são os mais usados

Genomic regions, cellular components and gene regulatory basis underlying pod length variations in cowpea (V. unguiculata L. Walp).

Cowpea (V. unguiculata L. Walp) is a climate resilient legume crop important for food security. Cultivated cowpea (V. unguiculata L) generally comprises the bushy, short-podded grain cowpea dominant in Africa and the climbing, long-podded vegetable cowpea popular in Asia. How selection has contributed to the diversification of the two types of cowpea remains largely unknown. In the current study, a novel genotyping assay for over 50 000 SNPs was employed to delineate genomic regions governing pod length. Major, minor and epistatic QTLs were identified through QTL mapping. Seventy-two SNPs associated with pod length were detected by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Population stratification analysis revealed subdivision among a cowpea germplasm collection consisting of 299 accessions, which is consistent with pod length groups. Genomic scan for selective signals suggested that domestication of vegetable cowpea was accompanied by selection of multiple traits including pod length, while the further improvement process was featured by selection of pod length primarily. Pod growth kinetics assay demonstrated that more durable cell proliferation rather than cell elongation or enlargement was the main reason for longer pods. Transcriptomic analysis suggested the involvement of sugar, gibberellin and nutritional signalling in regulation of pod length. This study establishes the basis for map-based cloning of pod length genes in cowpea and for marker-assisted selection of this trait in breeding programmes

A study of intraspecific hybrid lines derived from the reciprocal crosses between wild accessions and cultivated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

A

Identification of markers associated with bacterial blight resistance loci in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola (Xav), is a worldwide major disease of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]. Among different strategies to control the disease including cultural practices, intercropping, application of chemicals, and sowing pathogen-free seeds, planting of cowpea genotypes with resistance to the pathogen would be the most attractive option to the resource poor cowpea farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Breeding resistance cultivars would be facilitated by marker-assisted selection (MAS). In order to identify loci with effects on resistance to this pathogen and map QTLs controlling resistance to CoBB, eleven cowpea genotypes were screened for resistance to bacterial blight using 2 virulent Xav18 and Xav19 strains isolated from Kano (Nigeria). Two cowpea genotypes Danila and Tvu7778 were identified to contrast in their responses to foliar disease expression following leaf infection with pathogen. A set of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) comprising 113 individuals derived from Danila (resistant parent) and Tvu7778 (susceptible parent) were infected with CoBB using leaf inoculation method. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions (2007 and 2008) and disease severity was visually assessed using a scale where 0 = no disease and 4 = maximum susceptibility with leaf drop. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic map with 282 SNP markers constructed from the same RIL population was used to perform QTL analysis. Using Kruskall-Wallis and Multiple-QTL model of MapQTL 5, three QTLs, CoBB-1, CoBB-2 and CoBB-3 were identified on linkage group LG3, LG5 and LG9 respectively showing that potential resistance candidate genes cosegregated with CoBB resistance phenotypes. Two of the QTLs CoBB-1, CoBB-2 were consistently confirmed in the two experiments accounting for up to 22.1 and to 17.4% respectively for the first and second experiments. Whereas CoBB-3 was only discovered for the first experiment (2007) with less phenotypic variation explained of about 10%. Our results represent a resource for molecular marker development that can be used for marker assisted selection of bacterial blight resistance in cowpe

A major QTL corresponding to the Rk locus for resistance to root-knot nematodes in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.).

Key messageGenome resolution of a major QTL associated with the Rk locus in cowpea for resistance to root-knot nematodes has significance for plant breeding programs and R gene characterization. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a susceptible host of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) (RKN), major plant-parasitic pests in global agriculture. To date, breeding for host resistance in cowpea has relied on phenotypic selection which requires time-consuming and expensive controlled infection assays. To facilitate marker-based selection, we aimed to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring the resistance trait. One recombinant inbred line (RIL) and two F2:3 populations, each derived from a cross between a susceptible and a resistant parent, were genotyped with genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The populations were screened in the field for root-galling symptoms and/or under growth-chamber conditions for nematode reproduction levels using M. incognita and M. javanica biotypes. One major QTL was mapped consistently on linkage group VuLG11 of each population. By genotyping additional cowpea lines and near-isogenic lines derived from conventional backcrossing, we confirmed that the detected QTL co-localized with the genome region associated with the Rk locus for RKN resistance that has been used in conventional breeding for many decades. This chromosomal location defined with flanking markers will be a valuable target in marker-assisted breeding and for positional cloning of genes controlling RKN resistance