Where do all the motion verbs come from? The speed of development of manner verbs and path verbs in Indo-European

The last four decades have seen huge progress in the description and analysis of cross-linguistic diversity in the encoding of motion (Talmy 1985, 1991, Slobin 1996, 2004). Comparisons between satellite-framed and verb-framed languages suggest that satellite-framed languages typically have a larger manner of motion verb lexicon (swim, dash), while verb-framed languages typically have a larger path of motion verb lexicon (enter, cross) (Slobin 2004, Verkerk 2013, 2014b). This paper investigates how differences between the motion verb lexicons of satellite-framed and verb-framed languages emerge. Phylogenetic comparative methods adopted from biology and an etymological study are used to investigate manner verb lexicons and path verb lexicons in an Indo-European dataset. I show that manner verbs and path verbs typically have different types of etymological origins and that manner verbs emerge faster in satellite-framed subgroups, while path verbs emerge faster in verb-framed subgroups

The correlation between motion event encoding and path verb lexicon size in the Indo-European language family

There have been opposing views on the possibility of a relationship between motion event encoding and the size of the path verb lexicon. Özçalışkan (2004) has proposed that verb-framed and satellite-framed languages should approximately have the same number of path verbs, whereas a review of some of the literature suggests that verb-framed languages typically have a bigger path verb lexicon than satelliteframed languages. In this article I demonstrate that evidence for this correlation can be found through phylogenetic comparative analysis of parallel corpus data from twenty Indo-European languages

Satellite-framed vs. verb-framed typology: a comparison between English and Italian through Angie Thomas’ "The Hate U Give"

In questa tesi espongo la tipologia di lingue satellite-framed e verb-framed, le sue conseguenze in sintassi, e infine per mezzo del romanzo "The Hate U Give" di Angie Thomas e della sua traduzione in Italiano, indago sullo stato argomentale dei satelliti.In this dissertation I present the typology of satellite-framed and verb-framed languages, its consequences in syntax, and lastly, through Angie Thomas' "The Hate U Give" and its Italian translation, I inquire into the argument status of satellites

DIRECTIONAL MOTION VERB CONSTRUCTION IN MADURESE LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY

Semantically, the construction of directional motion verbs has two significant points: manner of motion, which refers to the way the motion is performed, and path, which conveys the directional meaning. In the context of verbal construction with directional motion, the path component can be constructed through directional verbs or prepositional phrases as markers of the goal. Based on these patterns, Talmy (1975) and Slobin (2006) classified languages into three frameworks: verb-framed languages, satellite-framed languages, and equipollent-framed languages. This research aims to describe the construction of direct motion verb in Madurese language and critically analyze the position of Madurese as an Austronesian language based on the classification proposed by Talmy and Slobin. Using a descriptive-qualitative approach, this study collects primary data from native Madurese speakers, and the secondary data from article journal related to Madurese language as comparison. In conclusion, Madurese language can be categorized as a verb-framed language overall. Based on the analysis, there are several directional verbs in Madurese that can simultaneously carry meanings consistent with prepositional phrases, although in other sentence contexts, they may exhibit different semantic and syntactic patterns. Furthermore, Madurese tends to fall into the verb-framed language category as it lacks a resultative-adjective pattern, and its directional verbs are not main verbs but rather open-class adjuncts

DETERMINING LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY BASED ON DIRECTED MOTION LEXICALIZATION PATTERNS AS A LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION: A CASE STUDY ON JAVANESE

Every language has directed motion constructions, but the lexicalization pattern of the constructions may differ from one language to another. The similarities and differences of directed motion lexicalization patterns can be used as the basis for classifying languages typologically. This paper aims to discuss how language typology can be determined based on directed motion lexicalization patterns found in a language. In this study I use the data of Javanese to examine whether Javanese can be classified into Talmy’s (1975, 1985) typology of verb-framed or satellite framed languages. Some problems and implications of this language typology will be discussed to see whether there is interaction between directed motion lexicalization patterns and other syntactic structures. The data of Javanese show that Javanese has some verb framing and satellite framing characteristics, and so language typology is not exactly definite in the sense that there are some restrictions that need to be considered

Variation in motion events: Theory and applications

This chapter analyses the role of intratypological and dialectal variation in the lexicalisation of motion events (Talmy 1991, 2000) and its application to second language acquisition. The first part discusses intratypological variation with respect to the semantic component of Path and proposes a cline of Path salience on the basis of twenty-one languages. Then, it describes dialectal variation in Spanish and Aragonese. Results show that dialects within these two Romance languages differ in the type of linguistic resources they use as well as in their quality and quantity. The second part briefly reviews some L2 problematic areas that can benefit from these approaches such as conceptual transfer, deixis, and idiomaticity. Examples are drawn from L2 Spanish and L2 Basque