SPLITAREA: an algorithm for weighted splitting of faces in the context of a planar partition

n/

Linking design to finance : enabling a co-operative developer platform through automated design and valuation

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 136-141).Significant shifts in technology and finance are altering the practice and position of urban design and development. These shifts - the torrent of micro-spatialized data, the amplification of designer instrumentality through computation, and the financialization of built capital into abstract securities - are forming a new relational infrastructure propelling the production of the built environment. Currently, coupling these shifts together remains the specialty of well-capitalized and sophisticated institutions, but the march of technological progress forecasts the widespread democratization of urban development skills and knowledge. This thesis explores the potential outcomes from mass accessibility to urban data, design computation, and digitized financing. I present two patent propositions outlining design methods that culminate in a project deploying network effects through collectively-financed, mass-distributed developments. The project is situated in three neighborhoods of New York City, on three-dozen sites for one-thousand inhabitants, and the methodology consists of three design computation processes. The first is a method for the automated re-massing of urban typologies using procedural scripting and a geometry constraint engine, in order to achieve open-space and density targets. The second is the automated valuation of a real estate development project using projected cash flows and construction cost estimations. Lastly, an optimization method matches suites of sites, project-massings, and financing arrangements; demonstrating the ability for the inhabitants' spatial needs to be met within financial constraints. Assuming that these technologies will be in widespread use evokes a vision for clusters of households to collectively originate, fund, and construct networks of mutually co-dependent developments. With the ability to operationalize a co-ownership model of distributed live-work spaces, self-organizing groups will have a dramatically expanded capability to influence the design and use of urban fabric - in practice, a Lefebvrian 'right to the city'.by Daniel Fink.S.M

Parametric Architectural Design for a New City Identity: Materials, Environments and New Applications

In contemporary architectural Design, we speak of a parametric structural design. A design that integrates new functionalities crossed with the spatial geometry of objects. It has been considered structured because it optimizes combinations that integrate a minimum of materials and data to respond to functions, uses, and needs more adapted to a society in perpetual evolution. Parametric modelling allows the usability of new materials and the integration of new structures in a variety of design environments. This transdisciplinary research explores aspects of parametric modelling, a design method that creates digital models using algorithms and parameters. By focusing on the material and immaterial plurality of the designed space, this method enables the generation of complex and innovative forms that would be difficult to realize with traditional methods. Then, from a position that redefines the city as both a "medium" city and an "object" city, we explore the fields of application and novelties that are investing in the fields of architectural construction. We examine how parametric modelling can be used to create more sustainable and environmentally efficient buildings, using parametric processes, and optimizing the use of space. In this sense, our research will lead us to identify two aspects of parametric modelling: the conceptual parametric design aspect and the constructive parametric design aspect. Finally, the results of our research enable us to identify a design process that demonstrates the feasibility of using parametric modelling to generate viable, sustainable, and versatile spaces

A move-step analysis of the concluding chapters in computer science phd theses

[EN] This paper describes how computer science doctoral writers construct the closing chapters of their PhD theses. The data are drawn from the chapters playing a concluding role of 48 PhD theses defended at the University of Glasgow from 2008 to 2014. The analysis applied a qualitative-quantitative approach. The titles of the concluding chapters of the theses were first examined and also their divisions into sections and sub-sections. Then the chapters were subjected to a move-step analysis: Move 1 (M1) “Revisiting the study”; Move 2 (M2) “Consolidating research space”; Move 3 (M3) “Proposing practical applications and implications”, Move 4 (M4) “Recommending future work” and Move 5 (M5) “Recapitulating the study”. The results revealed that most of the computer science PhD theses have one final concluding chapter with three main moves: M1, M2 and M4. The most frequent steps are “reviewing the work carried out” and “summarizing the specific work reported in every thesis chapter” in M1, “presenting results and contributions”, “answering the initial research questions or hypotheses”, and “making claims” in M2, and “acknowledging limitations” and “suggesting further research” in M4. Movestep patterns appear in recurrent cycles throughout the concluding chapters. Several suggestions for pedagogical purposes are provided.[ES] Este artículo describe cómo los autores de tesis doctorales en el área de la informática elaboran los capítulos de conclusión. Los datos proceden de los capítulos finales de 48 tesis doctorales defendidas en la Universidad de Glasgow entre 2008 y 2014. Para el análisis se siguió un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo. En una primera etapa, se examinaron los títulos de los capítulos de conclusión de las tesis así como sus divisiones en secciones y subsecciones. Posteriormente, se analizaron los capítulos atendiendo a unidades informativas organizadas en movimientos y pasos: Movimiento 1 (M1) “Revisión del estudio”; Movimiento 2 (M2) “Consolidación del espacio de investigación”; Movimiento 3 (M3) “Propuesta de aplicaciones prácticas e implicaciones”, Movimiento 4 (M4) “Recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones” y Movimiento 5 (M5) “Recapitulación del estudio”. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de las tesis de este corpus de informática tiene un único capítulo final de conclusiones con tres movimientos principales: M1, M2 y M4. Los pasos más frecuentes consisten en “revisar el trabajo llevado a cabo” y “resumir el trabajo específico desarrollado en cada capítulo de la tesis” en M1, “enunciar los resultados y las contribuciones en respuesta a las hipótesis y preguntas iniciales” y “reivindicar su aportación” en M2, y “reconocer limitaciones de la investigación” y “sugerir investigaciones futuras” en M4. La práctica habitual consiste en utilizar patrones de movimientos y pasos en ciclos recurrentes a lo largo de la conclusión. Se aportan sugerencias con fines pedagógicos.Soler Monreal, C. (2016). A move-step analysis of the concluding chapters in computer science phd theses. Ibérica. (32):105-132. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/80709S1051323

Computational Thinking across the Curriculum: A Conceptual Framework

We describe a framework for implementing computational thinking in a broad variety of general education courses. The framework is designed to be used by faculty without formal training in information technology in order to understand and integrate computational thinking into their own general education courses. The framework includes examples of computational thinking in a variety of general education courses, as well as sample in-class activities, assignments, and other assessments for the courses. The examples in the different courses are related and differentiated using categories taken from Peter Denning’s Great Principles of Computing, so that similar types of computational thinking appearing in different contexts are brought together. This aids understanding of the computational thinking found in the courses and provides a template for future work on new course materials

Rhetorical strategies in PhD conclusions of computer science: From the review of the study to consolidation of research space

[ES] Este artículo analiza los patrones de movimientos que predominan en los capítulos finales de conclusión de 48 tesis doctorales de informática en una universidad británica. Se centra en la naturaleza y frecuencia de las conexiones entre pasos del Movimiento 1 sobre la revisión del trabajo de investigación y los pasos del Movimiento 2, de consolidación del espacio investigador. Las combinaciones más comunes relacionan (1) el resumen del trabajo de la tesis con el producto y su evaluación, (2) el propósito y la hipótesis inicial con los resultados, (3) las preguntas de investigación con la metodología, el producto y la reivindicación, (4) un problema o necesidad con una metodología específica, un nuevo producto y/o una reivindicación, y (5) un resumen del trabajo realizado en cada capítulo con los resultados y reivindicaciones. Algunos de los resultados obtenidos son específicos del área de la informática. Del estudio se desprenden implicaciones pedagógicas para cursos de inglés para fines específicos (IFA).[EN] This study investigates the predominant moves and move patterns used in the separate final conclusion chapters of 48 PhD theses of computer science at a UK university. The focus is on the most salient connections of steps in the review of the study (Move 1) with steps for the consolidation of research space (Move 2). The most common combinations relate (1) a summary of the thesis work to the product and the evaluation of the product, (2) the purpose, thesis statement or hypothesis to the findings or results, (3) the research questions to the methodology, product or claim, (4) a problem or need to a specific methodology, a new product and/or a claim, and (5) a summary of the work done in each thesis chapter to the findings and claims. Some findings are specific of the field of computer science. The study has pedagogical implications for courses of English for Academic Purposes (EAP).Soler Monreal, C. (2019). Rhetorical strategies in PhD conclusions of computer science: From the review of the study to consolidation of research space. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics. 32(1):356-384. https://doi.org/10.1075/resla.16034.solS356384321Badley, G. (2009). Academic writing as shaping and re-shaping. Teaching in Higher Education, 14(2), 209-219. doi:10.1080/13562510902757294Basturkmen, H. (2009). Commenting on results in published research articles and masters dissertations in Language Teaching. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(4), 241-251. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2009.07.001Basturkmen, H. (2012). A genre-based investigation of discussion sections of research articles in Dentistry and disciplinary variation. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(2), 134-144. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2011.10.004Bitchener, J., & Basturkmen, H. (2006). Perceptions of the difficulties of postgraduate L2 thesis students writing the discussion section. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 5(1), 4-18. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2005.10.002Bunton, D. (2005). The structure of PhD conclusion chapters. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 4(3), 207-224. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2005.03.004Cotos, E. (2014). Genre-Based Automated Writing Evaluation for L2 Research Writing. doi:10.1057/9781137333377Cumming, A., Lai, C., & Cho, H. (2016). Students’ writing from sources for academic purposes: A synthesis of recent research. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 23, 47-58. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2016.06.002Geng, Y., & Wharton, S. (2016). Evaluative language in discussion sections of doctoral theses: Similarities and differences between L1 Chinese and L1 English writers. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 22, 80-91. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2016.01.001Holmes, R. (1997). Genre analysis, and the social sciences: An investigation of the structure of research article discussion sections in three disciplines. English for Specific Purposes, 16(4), 321-337. doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(96)00038-5Holmes, R. (2001). Variation and Text Structure. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 131-132, 107-137. doi:10.1075/itl.131-132.06holJohns, A. M., & Swales, J. M. (2002). Literacy and disciplinary practices: opening and closing perspectives. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 1(1), 13-28. doi:10.1016/s1475-1585(02)00003-6Kuteeva, M., & Negretti, R. (2016). Graduate students’ genre knowledge and perceived disciplinary practices: Creating a research space across disciplines. English for Specific Purposes, 41, 36-49. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2015.08.004Kwan, B. S. C. (2006). The schematic structure of literature reviews in doctoral theses of applied linguistics. English for Specific Purposes, 25(1), 30-55. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2005.06.001Lim, J. M.-H. (2014). Formulating research questions in experimental doctoral dissertations on Applied Linguistics. English for Specific Purposes, 35, 66-88. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2014.02.003Lim, J. M.-H., Loi, C.-K., Hashim, A., & Liu, M. S.-M. (2015). Purpose statements in experimental doctoral dissertations submitted to U.S. universities: An inquiry into doctoral students’ communicative resources in language education. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 20, 69-89. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2015.06.002Paltridge, B. (2002). Thesis and dissertation writing: an examination of published advice and actual practice. English for Specific Purposes, 21(2), 125-143. doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(00)00025-9Paltridge, B., Starfield, S., Ravelli, L. J., & Tuckwell, K. (2012). Change and stability: Examining the macrostructures of doctoral theses in the visual and performing arts. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 11(4), 332-344. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2012.08.003Parkinson, J. (2011). The Discussion section as argument: The language used to prove knowledge claims. English for Specific Purposes, 30(3), 164-175. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2011.03.001Peacock, M. (2002). Communicative moves in the discussion section of research articles. System, 30(4), 479-497. doi:10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00050-7Posteguillo, S. (1999). The Schematic Structure of Computer Science Research Articles. English for Specific Purposes, 18(2), 139-160. doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(98)00001-5Samraj, B. (2008). A discourse analysis of master’s theses across disciplines with a focus on introductions. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 7(1), 55-67. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2008.02.005Soler-Monreal, C. (2015). Announcing one’s work in PhD theses in computer science: A comparison of Move 3 in literature reviews written in English L1, English L2 and Spanish L1. English for Specific Purposes, 40, 27-41. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2015.07.004Soler-Monreal, C., Carbonell-Olivares, M., & Gil-Salom, L. (2011). A contrastive study of the rhetorical organisation of English and Spanish PhD thesis introductions. English for Specific Purposes, 30(1), 4-17. doi:10.1016/j.esp.2010.04.005Swales, J. M. (2004). Research Genres. doi:10.1017/cbo9781139524827Swales, J., & Feak, C. (2000). English in Today’s Research World. doi:10.3998/mpub.9059Ruiying, Y., & Allison, D. (2003). Research articles in applied linguistics: moving from results to conclusions. English for Specific Purposes, 22(4), 365-385. doi:10.1016/s0889-4906(02)00026-1Yayli, D. (2011). From genre awareness to cross-genre awareness: A study in an EFL context. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 10(3), 121-129. doi:10.1016/j.jeap.2011.02.00