2,286 research outputs found
Combined use of congestion control and frame discarding for Internet video streaming
Cataloged from PDF version of article.Increasing demand for video applications over the Internet and the inherent
uncooperative behavior of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) used currently as
the transport protocol of choice for video networking applications, is known to
be leading to congestion collapse of the Internet. The congestion collapse can be
prevented by using mechanisms in networks that penalize uncooperative flows
like UDP or employing end-to-end congestion control. Since today’s vision for
the Internet architecture is based on moving the complexity towards the edges of
the networks, employing end-to-end congestion control for video applications has
recently been a hot area of research. One alternative is to use a Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP)-friendly end-to-end congestion control scheme. Such
schemes, similar to TCP, probe the network for estimating the bandwidth available
to the session they belong to. The average bandwidth available to a session
using a TCP-friendly congestion control scheme has to be the same as that of
a session using TCP. Some TCP-friendly congestion control schemes are highly
responsive as TCP itself leading to undesired oscillations in the estimated bandwidth
and thus fluctuating quality. Slowly responsive TCP-friendly congestion
control schemes to prevent this type of behavior have recently been proposed
in the literature. The main goal of this thesis is to develop an architecture for
video streaming in IP networks using slowly responding TCP-friendly end-to-end
congestion control. In particular, we use Binomial Congestion Control (BCC).
In this architecture, the video streaming device intelligently discards some of
the video packets of lesser priority before injecting them in the network in order
to match the incoming video rate to the estimated bandwidth using BCC and
to ensure a high throughput for those video packets with higher priority. We
iiidemonstrate the efficacy of this architecture using simulations in a variety of
scenarios.Yücesan, OngunM.S
Receiver-Based Flow Control for Networks in Overload
We consider utility maximization in networks where the sources do not employ
flow control and may consequently overload the network. In the absence of flow
control at the sources, some packets will inevitably have to be dropped when
the network is in overload. To that end, we first develop a distributed,
threshold-based packet dropping policy that maximizes the weighted sum
throughput. Next, we consider utility maximization and develop a receiver-based
flow control scheme that, when combined with threshold-based packet dropping,
achieves the optimal utility. The flow control scheme creates virtual queues at
the receivers as a push-back mechanism to optimize the amount of data delivered
to the destinations via back-pressure routing. A novel feature of our scheme is
that a utility function can be assigned to a collection of flows, generalizing
the traditional approach of optimizing per-flow utilities. Our control policies
use finite-buffer queues and are independent of arrival statistics. Their
near-optimal performance is proved and further supported by simulation results.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, preprint submitted to IEEE INFOCOM
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Trust-Aware Resilient Control and Coordination of Connected and Automated Vehicles
We address the security of a network of Connected and Automated Vehicles
(CAVs) cooperating to navigate through a conflict area. Adversarial attacks
such as Sybil attacks can cause safety violations resulting in collisions and
traffic jams. In addition, uncooperative (but not necessarily adversarial) CAVs
can also induce similar adversarial effects on the traffic network. We propose
a decentralized resilient control and coordination scheme that mitigates the
effects of adversarial attacks and uncooperative CAVs by utilizing a trust
framework. Our trust-aware scheme can guarantee safe collision free
coordination and mitigate traffic jams. Simulation results validate the
theoretical guarantee of our proposed scheme, and demonstrate that it can
effectively mitigate adversarial effects across different traffic scenarios.Comment: Keywords: Resilient control and coordination, Cybersecurity, Safety
guaranteed coordination, Connected And Autonomous Vehicle
Congestion Avoidance Testbed Experiments
DARTnet provides an excellent environment for executing networking experiments. Since the network is private and spans the continental United States, it gives researchers a great opportunity to test network behavior under controlled conditions. However, this opportunity is not available very often, and therefore a support environment for such testing is lacking. To help remedy this situation, part of SRI's effort in this project was devoted to advancing the state of the art in the techniques used for benchmarking network performance. The second objective of SRI's effort in this project was to advance networking technology in the area of traffic control, and to test our ideas on DARTnet, using the tools we developed to improve benchmarking networks. Networks are becoming more common and are being used by more and more people. The applications, such as multimedia conferencing and distributed simulations, are also placing greater demand on the resources the networks provide. Hence, new mechanisms for traffic control must be created to enable their networks to serve the needs of their users. SRI's objective, therefore, was to investigate a new queueing and scheduling approach that will help to meet the needs of a large, diverse user population in a "fair" way
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Development of Eco-Friendly Ramp Control for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles
With on-board sensors such as camera, radar, and Lidar, connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) can sense the surrounding environment and be driven autonomously and safely by themselves without colliding into other objects on the road. CAVs are also able to communicate with each other and roadside infrastructure via vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, respectively, sharing information on the vehicles’ states, signal phase and timing (SPaT) information, enabling CAVs to make decisions in a collaborative manner. As a typical scenario, ramp control attracts wide attention due to the concerns of safety and mobility in the merging area. In particular, if the line-of-the-sight is blocked (because of grade separation), then neither mainline vehicles nor on-ramp vehicles may well adapt their own dynamics to perform smoothed merging maneuvers. This may lead to speed fluctuations or even shockwave propagating upstream traffic along the corridor, thus potentially increasing the traffic delays and excessive energy consumption. In this project, the research team proposed a hierarchical ramp merging system that not only allowed microscopic cooperative maneuvers for connected and automated electric vehicles on the ramp to merge into mainline traffic flow, but also had controllability of ramp inflow rate, which enabled macroscopic traffic flow control. A centralized optimal control-based approach was proposed to both smooth the merging flow and improve the system-wide mobility of the network. Linear quadratic trackers in both finite horizon and receding horizon forms were developed to solve the optimization problem in terms of path planning and sequence determination, and a microscopic electric vehicle (EV) energy consumption model was applied to estimate the energy consumption. The simulation results confirmed that under the regulated inflow rate, the proposed system was able to avoid potential traffic congestion and improve the mobility (in terms of average speed) as much as 115%, compared to the conventional ramp metering and the ramp without any control approach. Interestingly, for EVs (connected and automated EVs in this study), the improved mobility may not necessarily result in the reduction of energy consumption. The “sweet spot” of average speed ranges from 27–34 mph for the EV models in this study.View the NCST Project Webpag
On bilevel multi-follower decision making: General framework and solutions
Within the framework of any bilevel decision problem, a leader's decision is influenced by the reaction of his or her follower. When multiple followers who may have had a share in decision variables, objectives and constraints are involved in a bilevel decision problem, the leader's decision will be affected, not only by the reactions of these followers, but also by the relationships among these followers. This paper firstly identifies nine different kinds of relationships (S1 to S9) amongst followers by establishing a general framework for bilevel multi-follower decision problems. For each of the nine a corresponding bilevel multi-follower decision model is then developed. Also, this paper particularly proposes related theories focusing on an uncooperative decision problem (i.e., S1 model), as this model is the most basic one for bilevel multi-follower decision problems over the nine kinds of relationships. Moreover, this paper extends the Kuhn-Tucker approach for driving an optimal solution from the uncooperative decision model. Finally, a real case study of a road network problem illustrates the application of the uncooperative bilevel decision model and the proposed extended Kuhn-Tucker approach. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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