Spotting Keywords in Offline Handwritten Documents Using Hausdorff Edit Distance

Keyword spotting has become a crucial topic in handwritten document recognition, by enabling content-based retrieval of scanned documents using search terms. With a query keyword, one can search and index the digitized handwriting which in turn facilitates understanding of manuscripts. Common automated techniques address the keyword spotting problem through statistical representations. Structural representations such as graphs apprehend the complex structure of handwriting. However, they are rarely used, particularly for keyword spotting techniques, due to high computational costs. The graph edit distance, a powerful and versatile method for matching any type of labeled graph, has exponential time complexity to calculate the similarities of graphs. Hence, the use of graph edit distance is constrained to small size graphs. The recently developed Hausdorff edit distance algorithm approximates the graph edit distance with quadratic time complexity by efficiently matching local substructures. This dissertation speculates using Hausdorff edit distance could be a promising alternative to other template-based keyword spotting approaches in term of computational time and accuracy. Accordingly, the core contribution of this thesis is investigation and development of a graph-based keyword spotting technique based on the Hausdorff edit distance algorithm. The high representational power of graphs combined with the efficiency of the Hausdorff edit distance for graph matching achieves remarkable speedup as well as accuracy. In a comprehensive experimental evaluation, we demonstrate the solid performance of the proposed graph-based method when compared with state of the art, both, concerning precision and speed. The second contribution of this thesis is a keyword spotting technique which incorporates dynamic time warping and Hausdorff edit distance approaches. The structural representation of graph-based approach combined with statistical geometric features representation compliments each other in order to provide a more accurate system. The proposed system has been extensively evaluated with four types of handwriting graphs and geometric features vectors on benchmark datasets. The experiments demonstrate a performance boost in which outperforms individual systems

EVALITA Evaluation of NLP and Speech Tools for Italian - December 17th, 2020

Welcome to EVALITA 2020! EVALITA is the evaluation campaign of Natural Language Processing and Speech Tools for Italian. EVALITA is an initiative of the Italian Association for Computational Linguistics (AILC, http://www.ai-lc.it) and it is endorsed by the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA, http://www.aixia.it) and the Italian Association for Speech Sciences (AISV, http://www.aisv.it)

Computational Optimizations for Machine Learning

The present book contains the 10 articles finally accepted for publication in the Special Issue “Computational Optimizations for Machine Learning” of the MDPI journal Mathematics, which cover a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of machine learning, neural networks and artificial intelligence. These topics include, among others, various types of machine learning classes, such as supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning, deep neural networks, convolutional neural networks, GANs, decision trees, linear regression, SVM, K-means clustering, Q-learning, temporal difference, deep adversarial networks and more. It is hoped that the book will be interesting and useful to those developing mathematical algorithms and applications in the domain of artificial intelligence and machine learning as well as for those having the appropriate mathematical background and willing to become familiar with recent advances of machine learning computational optimization mathematics, which has nowadays permeated into almost all sectors of human life and activity

EVALITA Evaluation of NLP and Speech Tools for Italian - December 17th, 2020

Welcome to EVALITA 2020! EVALITA is the evaluation campaign of Natural Language Processing and Speech Tools for Italian. EVALITA is an initiative of the Italian Association for Computational Linguistics (AILC, http://www.ai-lc.it) and it is endorsed by the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AIxIA, http://www.aixia.it) and the Italian Association for Speech Sciences (AISV, http://www.aisv.it)

Fusion multi-sources pour l'interprétation d'un environnement routier

Exceeding speed limits is a major cause of road accidents, which could be reduced by the use of robust detection of speed limits that may continuously inform the driver of the proper speed limitation. The work presented in this document relate to the achievement of such a system based on a visual detection of speed limit signs. To make the system robust, it is necessary to merge the results of these detections with information from other sensors to interpret the results of the visual detection. For this aim, two algorithms were developed. First, a specific geographic information system was developed in order to expand the electronic horizon of the vehicle. The fusion process in place addressing these various sources of information is based on model-based rules to overcome the problems inherent to the probabilistic fusion process that can sometimes lead to uncertain situations putting the whole system in global fault. These works are the fruit of collaboration with an automotive supplier and the prototype has been validated experimentally on the road and in real conditions. A ground truth tool has been specially developed to quantify the results. The system shows excellent results with high detection and classification rates for speed limit signs recognition and complex situations analysis.Le dépassement des limitations de vitesse est l'une des causes majeures des accidents de la route, qui pourraient être réduits par l'utilisation de système robuste de détection des limitations de vitesse pouvant continuellement informer le conducteur de la bonne limitation imposée. Les travaux présentés dans ce document portent sur la réalisation d'un tel système basé sur une détection visuelle des panneaux de limitation de vitesse. Afin de rendre le système robuste, il est nécessaire de fusionner les résultats de ces détections avec les informations d'autres capteurs pour interpréter les résultats issus de la détection visuelle. C'est ainsi qu'a été entre autre spécialement développé un capteur cartographique permettant d'avoir une vision plus large sur l'horizon électronique du véhicule, ainsi qu'un système détection des lignes de marquage au sol pour analyser les changements de voie. Le processus de fusion mis en place traitant ces diverses sources d'information est fondé sur des modèles à base de règles permettant de s'affranchir des problèmes inhérents aux processus de fusion probabilistes pouvant parfois mener à des situations de doute mettant le système global en faute. Ces travaux sont le fruit d'une collaboration avec un industriel et le prototype développé a été validé expérimentalement sur route. Un outil de vérité terrain a été spécialement développé pour quantifier les résultats. Le système montre d'excellents résultats en détection et reconnaissance des panneaux de limitation de vitesse ainsi que dans la clarification de situations complexes