15,105 research outputs found
Sound and noise
Sound and noise problems in space environment and human tolerance criteria at varying frequencies and intensitie
Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography, supplement 191
A bibliographical list of 182 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in February 1979 is presented
Speechâderived haptic stimulation enhances speech recognition in a multiâtalker background
Published: 03 October 2023Speech understanding, while effortless in quiet conditions, is challenging in noisy environments.
Previous studies have revealed that a feasible approach to supplement speech-in-noise (SiN)
perception consists in presenting speech-derived signals as haptic input. In the current study, we
investigated whether the presentation of a vibrotactile signal derived from the speech temporal
envelope can improve SiN intelligibility in a multi-talker background for untrained, normal-hearing
listeners. We also determined if vibrotactile sensitivity, evaluated using vibrotactile detection
thresholds, modulates the extent of audio-tactile SiN improvement. In practice, we measured
participantsâ speech recognition in a multi-talker noise without (audio-only) and with (audio-tactile)
concurrent vibrotactile stimulation delivered in three schemes: to the left or right palm, or to
both. Averaged across the three stimulation delivery schemes, the vibrotactile stimulation led to a
significant improvement of 0.41 dB in SiN recognition when compared to the audio-only condition.
Notably, there were no significant differences observed between the improvements in these delivery
schemes. In addition, audio-tactile SiN benefit was significantly predicted by participantsâ vibrotactile
threshold levels and unimodal (audio-only) SiN performance. The extent of the improvement afforded
by speech-envelope-derived vibrotactile stimulation was in line with previously uncovered vibrotactile
enhancements of SiN perception in untrained listeners with no known hearing impairment. Overall,
these results highlight the potential of concurrent vibrotactile stimulation to improve SiN recognition,
especially in individuals with poor SiN perception abilities, and tentatively more so with increasing
tactile sensitivity. Moreover, they lend support to the multimodal accounts of speech perception and
research on tactile speech aid devices.I. Sabina RÄutu is supported by the Fonds pour la formation Ă la recherche dans lâindustrie et lâagriculture (FRIA),
Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium. Xavier De Tiège is Clinical Researcher at
the FRS-FNRS. This research project has been supported by the Fonds Erasme (Research convention âLes Voies
du Savoir 2â, Brussels, Belgium)
Communications Biophysics
Contains reports on nine research projects split into four sections.National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 P01 NS13126)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 K04 NS00113)National Institutes of Health (Training Grant 5 T32 NS07047)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROl NS11153-03)National Institutes of Health (Fellowship 1 T32 NS07099-01)National Science Foundation (Grant BNS77-16861)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROl NS10916)National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROl NS12846)National Science Foundation (Grant BNS77-21751)National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS14092)Health Sciences FundNational Institutes of Health (Grant 2 R01 NS11680)National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 RO1 NS11080)National Institutes of Health (Training Grant 5 T32 GM07301
Evaluation of the sparse coding shrinkage noise reduction algorithm for the hearing impaired
Although there are numerous single-channel noise reduction strategies to improve speech perception in a noisy environment, most of them can only improve speech quality but not improve speech intelligibility for normal hearing (NH) or hearing impaired (HI) listeners. Exceptions that can improve speech intelligibility currently are only those that require a priori statistics of speech or noise. Most of the noise reduction algorithms in hearing aids are adopted directly from the algorithms for NH listeners without taking into account of the hearing loss factors within HI listeners. HI listeners suffer more in speech intelligibility than NH listeners in the same noisy environment. Further study of monaural noise reduction algorithms for HI listeners is required.The motivation is to adapt a model-based approach in contrast to the conventional Wiener filtering approach. The model-based algorithm called sparse coding shrinkage (SCS) was proposed to extract key speech information from noisy speech. The SCS algorithm was evaluated by comparison with another state-of-the-art Wiener filtering approach through speech intelligibility and quality tests using 9 NH and 9 HI listeners. The SCS algorithm matched the performance of the Wiener filtering algorithm in speech intelligibility and speech quality. Both algorithms showed some intelligibility improvements for HI listeners but not at all for NH listeners. The algorithms improved speech quality for both HI and NH listeners.Additionally, a physiologically-inspired hearing loss simulation (HLS) model was developed to characterize hearing loss factors and simulate hearing loss consequences. A methodology was proposed to evaluate signal processing strategies for HI listeners with the proposed HLS model and NH subjects. The corresponding experiment was performed by asking NH subjects to listen to unprocessed/enhanced speech with the HLS model. Some of the effects of the algorithms seen in HI listeners are reproduced, at least qualitatively, by using the HLS model with NH listeners.Conclusions: The model-based algorithm SCS is promising for improving performance in stationary noise although no clear difference was seen in the performance of SCS and a competitive Wiener filtering algorithm. Fluctuating noise is more difficult to reduce compared to stationary noise. Noise reduction algorithms may perform better at higher input signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) where HI listeners can get benefit but where NH listeners already reach ceiling performance. The proposed HLS model can save time and cost when evaluating noise reduction algorithms for HI listeners
Influence of ear canal occlusion and air-conduction feedback on speech production in noise
Millions of workers are exposed to high noise levels on a daily basis. The primary concern for these individuals is the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss, which is typically accomplished by wearing of some type of personal hearing protector. However, many workers complain they cannot adequately hear their co-workers when hearing protectors are worn. There are many aspects related to fully understanding verbal communication between noise-exposed workers that are wearing hearing protection. One topic that has received limited attention is the overall voice level a person uses to communicate in a noisy environment. Quantifying this component provides a starting point for understanding how communication may be improved in such situations.
While blocking out external sounds, hearing protectors also induce changes in the wearerâs self-perception of his/her own voice, which is known as the occlusion effect. The occlusion effect and attenuation provided by hearing protectors generally produce opposite effects on that individualâs vocal output. A controlled laboratory study was devised to systematically examine the effect on a talkerâs voice level caused by wearing a hearing protector and while being subjected to high noise levels. To test whether differences between occluded and unoccluded vocal characteristics are due solely to the occlusion effect, speech produced while subjectsâ ear canals were occluded was measured without the subject effectively receiving any attenuation from the hearing protectors. To test whether vocal output differences are due to the reduction in the talkerâs self-perceived voice level, the amount of occlusion was held constant while varying the effective hearing protector attenuation.
Results show the occlusion effect, hearing protector attenuation, and ambient noise level all to have an effect on the talkerâs voice output level, and all three must be known to fully understand and/or predict the effect in a particular situation. The results of this study may be used to begin an effort to quantify metrics in addition to the basic noise reduction rating that may be used to evaluate a hearing protectorâs practical usability/wearability. By developing such performance metrics, workers will have information to make informed decisions about which hearing protector they should use for their particular work environment
The Impact of the Simulated Digital Data Radio Communication Induced Interference on Voice Radio Communication
The transition of air/ground communications, from its present analog structure to a new digital communications architecture, will span a 10-year time frame. Testing to date indicates that the potential for interference from the digital system to the analog system would be critical, especially for General Aviation (GA) aircraft. This type of interference can be described as short, random bursts of noise capable of completely obliterating parts of the voice communication. The subsequent degrading effects on voice radio communications could jeopardize flight safety. The masking of parts of important information would result in distracted attention, debilitated cognitive performance, high level of annoyance, and stress. The goal of the proposed experiment was to examine the degree to which such noise impacts voice radio communications intelligibility. A classic, well established psycho-acoustic method of measuring intelligibility was used. It was anticipated that the digital data radio communication interference would influence voice communication intelligibility and the ratio between the length of the burst and the length of the affected consonant would be critical for voice communication intelligibility. Based upon the results of the statistical analysis that was exactly what happened. Those words treated with higher LR were more difficult to identify that those treated with lower LR or with no interference at all
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