A set of open-source tools for Turkish natural language processing

Abstract This paper introduces a set of freely available, open-source tools for Turkish that are built around TRmorph, a morphological analyzer introduced earlier in Çöltekin (2010a). The article first provides an update on the analyzer, which includes a complete rewrite using a different finite-state description language and tool set as well as major tagset changes to comply better with the state-of-the-art computational processing of Turkish and the user requests received so far. Besides these major changes to the analyzer, this paper introduces tools for morphological segmentation, stemming and lemmatization, guessing unknown words, grapheme to phoneme conversion, hyphenation and a morphological disambiguation

Utility Of Shear Wave Elastography In Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis

In the United States, breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in women. Early detection, often via mammography, and intervention have been shown to reduce mortality. However, not all cancers are mammographically evident in early stages, if at all. As a result, ultrasound has been increasingly used to supplement mammography for breast cancer detection and assessment, particularly in dense breasts. Recent advancements in ultrasonography include the ability to characterize the stiffness of biological tissues. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is one such development used to quantify tissue stiffness within a region of interest. The resistance of soft tissue to deformation depends on the molecular makeup of the tissue components as well as elements of tissue structure, such as stromal and connective tissue. As tumor growth often involves architectural changes that cause increased stiffness compared to normal neighboring tissue, SWE has the potential to compliment mammography and B-mode ultrasound for breast lesion characterization. Studies establishing the clinical value of SWE may aid in its incorporation into diagnostic guidelines. This study aimed to quantify the performance of 2D SWE for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions in women with abnormal mammography via a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Ovid-Medline, Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed. Studies of diagnostic accuracy published prior to June 2021 using SWE to evaluate abnormal breast tissue with at least 50 lesions that reported quantitative shear wave speed (SWS) parameters (the mean (SWSmean), maximum (SWSmax), minimum (SWSmin), or standard deviation (SWSSD) of the SWS) and thresholds and included a reference standard of either biopsy or 2-year stability were included in the analysis. The QUADAS- 2 tool was used to assess possible bias within studies as well as their applicability. 87 studies of diagnostic accuracy were included, encompassing 17,810 women (47) with 19,043 lesions (7,623 malignant). A hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model produced the following summary sensitivities and specificities: 0.86 [0.83, 0.88] / 0.87 [0.84, 0.88] for SWSmean, 0.83 [0.80, 0.85]/ 0.88 [0.86, 0.90] for SWSmax, 0.86 [0.74, 0.93]/ 0.81 [0.69, 0.89] for SWSmin, and 0.82 [0.77, 0.86] / 0.88 [0.85, 0.91] for SWSSD, respectively. By calculating and utilizing the resulting likelihood ratios, SWE was shown capable of downgrading BI-RADS 4a and upgrading BI-RADS 3 lesions. Thus, SWE has the potential to provide increased discriminative power in the diagnosis of breast cancer if used synergistically with mammography and B-mode ultrasound. Current society guidelines do not provide definitive recommendations about the role of SWE in screening and diagnosis, nor its counterpart strain elastography (SE). The literature suggests that a combination of SE and SWE may provide better discriminatory power than SWE alone and serve as an adjunct to current diagnostic techniques, opening an avenue for future study

Alzheimer’s And Parkinson’s Disease Classification Using Deep Learning Based On MRI: A Review

Neurodegenerative disorders present a current challenge for accurate diagnosis and for providing precise prognostic information. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), may take several years to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Due to the increased aging population in developed countries, neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD have become more prevalent and thus new technologies and more accurate tests are needed to improve and accelerate the diagnostic procedure in the early stages of these diseases. Deep learning has shown significant promise in computer-assisted AD and PD diagnosis based on MRI with the widespread use of artificial intelligence in the medical domain. This article analyses and evaluates the effectiveness of existing Deep learning (DL)-based approaches to identify neurological illnesses using MRI data obtained using various modalities, including functional and structural MRI. Several current research issues are identified toward the conclusion, along with several potential future study directions

University of South Alabama College of Medicine Annual Report for 2017-2018

This Annual Report of the College of Medicine catalogues accomplishments of our faculty, students, residents, fellows and staff in teaching, research, scholarly and community service during the 2017-2018 fiscal year.https://jagworks.southalabama.edu/com_report/1002/thumbnail.jp

Washington University Record, October 24, 2003

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/1981/thumbnail.jp

Clinicopathological spectrum of haemophagocytic syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Haemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) also known as the Haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and potentially fatal syndrome that results from inappropriate prolonged activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. The first reported case of HLH was described in 1952 by Farquhar and Claireaux who called the disease as “Familial Hemophagocytic Reticulosis”. It is traditionally divided into Primary\ Familial and Acquired\ Secondary. The Familial HLH is due to gene mutations most commonly involving the perforin gene while secondary HLH can occur in a wide variety of conditions including infections, autoimmune disorders to malignancies. The pathological hallmark of the syndrome is aggressive proliferation of macrophages/histiocytes in the reticuloendothelial system that are seen phagocytosing the haematopoietic elements. The incidence is more common in the paediatric population, the highest between birth to 18 months of age. The estimated incidence of HLH is 1.2 cases per million individuals per year. However this is most likely an under estimate because most of the cases results in death before they are diagnosed, some remain undiagnosed while some are not reported. The pathogenetic hallmark for HLH is defective NK cell function. NK cell is a cell of innate immunity which plays an important role in removing stress induced and virus infected cells. In HLH there is a defective NK cell function which can be familial or acquired. Defective NK cell leads to persistent activation of macrophages and T helper cell which results in hypercytokinemia. This hypercytokinemia leads to the various manifestations of HLH. Patients with HPS are commonly very ill at the time of presentation. They usually present with high persistent fever, anaemia, splenomegaly and CNS manifestations. The HLH society-2004 has laid down guidelines for the diagnostic criteria for HLH. Minimal diagnostic parameters are fever, cytopenia, splenomegaly, abnormal liver function tests, elevated serum triglycerides and serum ferritin, low serum fibrinogen and haemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspiration. The HLH society in 1994 has laid down therapeutic guidelines for the treatment of HLH. An improved revised therapeutic criteria came in 2004. This 2004 guideline mainly involves three treatment regimens - initial, continuation and reactivation therapy. However though disease control can be established with these treatment regimens, a complete cure can be established mainly by haematopoitic stem cell transplantation. After the advent of improved conditioning and graft versus host disease regimen the success of HSCT in patients with HLH has dramatically improved. AIM & OBJECTIVES: The Department of Pathology, PSGIMS & R receives bone marrows of patients with a spectrum of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders. In this study we propose. 1. To evaluate the clinicopathological profile of haemophagocytosis diagnosed in the bone marrow in the Department of Pathology during the study period. 2. To correlate the clinical, biochemical and other haematological parameters of these patients with the findings in the bone marrow. 3. To highlight the haemophagocytic activity in bone marrow trephines using CD 68, an immunohistochemical marker for macrophages. 4. To elucidate the aetiopathogenesis of this diverse disorder. MATERIALS & METHODS: About thirty two bone marrow aspirates and biopsies received in the clinical pathology laboratory, Department of Pathology, PSGIMS & R wereb analysed in the following manner: Bone marrow specimens sent to department of pathology, PSGIMS&R, Presence of haemophagocytic activity in bone marrow, Clinical Findings, Laboratory Parameters, Highlighting Haemophagocytosis in Trephine using IHC Markercd 68, Analysis of Results. RESULTS: 1. The mean age of presentation of HLH is 30.7 years. 2. Prolonged and persistent fever is the most common presentation of patients with HLH. 3. Mild to moderate anaemia, severe leucopenia and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia are common 4. Ferritin levels of > 2000ng/ml are more diagnostic of HLH than any other parameter. In our study almost 100 % of cases with ferritin levels of > 2000ng/ml were specific for HLH. 5. CD 68 can be used to highlight haemophagocytosis in trephine biopsy. However in our study it did not help to increase the sensitivity of detection. 6. The incidence of primary HLH is only 3% which can be an underestimate due to our limited facilities for molecular diagnosis. 7. The most common cause for secondary HLH is infections followed by malignancies. 8. Tuberculosis is the most common bacterial infection while Dengue is the most common viral infection associated HLH 9. Lymphoma is the most common malignancy associated HLH. 10. We had rare cases of Kikuchi Fujimoto disease & Diffuse large B cell lymphoma presenting as HLH. 11. Prognosis of malignancy associated HLH was bad. CONCLUSION: HLH is a diverse disorder which can present with varied clinical manifestations. There are many factors which contribute to the aetiopathogenesis of HLH. Because of the complex pathway of pathogenesis and different clinical presentations many of the HLH cases go under recognised. This remains the main cause for increased morbidity and mortality in persons with HLH. In our study we have made conclusions regarding the clinical manifestations and aetiologies of HLH which will aid in the early diagnosis. Hereby we recommend that all patients with the clinical suspicion of HLH have to be carefully evaluated for the possible aetiology. A thorough and careful screening of bone marrow of these patients suspected to have HLH is essential for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. In spite of emergence of many treatment regimens for HLH, haematopietic stem cell transplantation remains the final option for treatment of patients with HLH. Hence more studies are required to raise awareness of this syndrome and improve the effectiveness of the existing treatment regimen

Health ManagementInformation Systems for Resource Allocation and Purchasing in Developing Countries

World Bank, Health Nutrition and Population, Discussion Paper: The paper begins with the premise that it is not possible to implement an efficient, modern RAP strategy today without the effective use of information technology. The paper then leads the architect through the functionality of the systems components and environment needed to support RAP, pausing to justify them at each step. The paper can be used as a long-term guide through the systems development process as it is not necessary (and likely not possible) to implement all functions at once. The paper’s intended audience is those members of a planning and strategy body, working in conjunction with technical experts, who are charged with designing and implementing a RAP strategy in a developing country

1984 - 1986 Bulletin

Bulletin of LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITYGraduate School 1984-86 Volume 75, Number 11, August 22, 1984https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/gs_bulletin/1007/thumbnail.jp

Counselor Education and the Delivery of Telemental Health Services

Among practitioners of professional counseling, the adoption of live videoconferencing, also known as telemental health (TMH), as a means to deliver distance counseling services went mainstream in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Until then, this medium was primarily for clients who lived in remote areas or could not attend in-person sessions. A debate over the merits of TMH within the counseling profession has existed since the 1970s. In the early years of the 21st century, interest in TMH renewed as the service became affordable for most people. Yet, there is scant documentation addressing the training of professional counselors in the practice of TMH. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify how two of CACREP’s technology standards influence a counselor’s beliefs, opinions, and attitudes toward TMH. A survey developed for this study was administered to 277 respondents who represented master’s students, doctoral students, and licensed professional counselors. The responses, analyzed using structural equation modeling analysis, suggest that the two CACREP technology standards have a small direct influence on the decision to provide TMH services except when they are moderated by technological competence and clinical experience

Department of Radiology-Annual Executive Summary Report-July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012

93 page Department of Radiology Annual Executive Summary Report, July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Table of Contents Chairman, Vice Chairmen 1 Divisions and Directors 1 Committees and Chairmen 1 Radiology Department Faculty Rank 2 Faculty with Secondary Appointments 3 Clinical Divisions 4 Radiology Residents and Fellows 5 Department Organizational Chart 6 Department Administration Chart 7 State of the Department 8 Appendix I: Publications Journal Articles 23 Books and Book Chapters 31 Abstracts 35 Appendix II: Formal Scientific Presentations 50 Appendix III: Honors, Editorial Activities, Service to Regional or National Organizations 68 Appendix IV: Active Grants 82 Appendix V: Pending Grants 8