80,598 research outputs found
Reputation Description and Interpretation
Reputation is an opinion held by others about a particular person, group,
organisation, or resource. As a tool, reputation can be used to forecast the
reliability of others based on their previous actions, moreover, in some domains
it can even be used to estimate trustworthiness. Due to the large
scale of virtual communities it is impossible to maintain a meaningful relationship
with every member. Reputation systems are designed explicitly
to manufacture trust within a virtual community by recording and sharing
information regarding past interactions. Reputation systems are becoming
increasingly popular and widespread, with the information generated
varying considerably between domains. Currently, no formal method to
exchange reputation information exists. However, the OpenRep framework,
currently under development, is designed to federate reputation information,
enabling the transparent exchange of information between reputation
systems. This thesis presents a reputation description and interpretation
system, designed as a foundation for the OpenRep framework.
The description and interpretation system focuses on enabling the consistent
and reliable expression and interpretation of reputation information
across heterogeneous reputation systems. The description and interpretation
system includes a strongly typed language, a verification system
to validate usage of the language, and a XML based exchange protocol. In
addition to these contributions, three case studies are presented as a means
of generating requirements for the description and interpretation system,
and evaluating the use of the proposed system in a federated reputation
environment. The case studies include an electronic auction, virtual community
and social network based relationship management service
Reputation Description and Interpretation
Reputation is an opinion held by others about a particular person, group,
organisation, or resource. As a tool, reputation can be used to forecast the
reliability of others based on their previous actions, moreover, in some domains
it can even be used to estimate trustworthiness. Due to the large
scale of virtual communities it is impossible to maintain a meaningful relationship
with every member. Reputation systems are designed explicitly
to manufacture trust within a virtual community by recording and sharing
information regarding past interactions. Reputation systems are becoming
increasingly popular and widespread, with the information generated
varying considerably between domains. Currently, no formal method to
exchange reputation information exists. However, the OpenRep framework,
currently under development, is designed to federate reputation information,
enabling the transparent exchange of information between reputation
systems. This thesis presents a reputation description and interpretation
system, designed as a foundation for the OpenRep framework.
The description and interpretation system focuses on enabling the consistent
and reliable expression and interpretation of reputation information
across heterogeneous reputation systems. The description and interpretation
system includes a strongly typed language, a verification system
to validate usage of the language, and a XML based exchange protocol. In
addition to these contributions, three case studies are presented as a means
of generating requirements for the description and interpretation system,
and evaluating the use of the proposed system in a federated reputation
environment. The case studies include an electronic auction, virtual community
and social network based relationship management service
Recommended from our members
An integrated framework to classify healthcare virtual communities
Healthcare (HC) strives to improve service quality through its cost-effective social computing strategy. However, sudden rise in the count of virtual community of practices (VCoPs) introduced many choices for physicians; As a result, it is not surprising to observe current literature reporting lack of study to investigate ideas integration within and between VCoPs. VCoPs need to be categorized for HC physicians so they will be able to pin-point effective a VC to attain assistance from. This paper is one of the first investigative studies, in HC sector, that proposed a framework to classify and pin-point appropriate VCoPs, for physicians, after it reviewed and analyzed traditional and up-to-date theoretical, empirical and case study literature in the area of social computing, knowledge management (KM) and VCoPs. The implementation of this framework pinpointed professional VCoPs as most appropriate for physicians based on strict requirements, i.e. closed physician communities holding many participants, which are older than 5 years with high boundary crossing. This framework is also a âone-size-fit-allâ formula to build an organizational VCoP, utilizable by other business sectors
Landscapes of Helping: Kindliness in Neighbourhoods and Communities
Increasing geographical mobility, economic change and the rise of an individualist culture in the UK have contributed to the loosening of close ties in communities. Communities need to evolve, to reconnect, so that people cultivate the âbackground humâ of sociability that has been associated with neighbourliness. This âbackground humâ is characterised by peopleâs awareness of each other, by a respect for each otherâs privacy and by a readiness to take action if help is needed. In this research we define kindliness as âneighbourliness enactedâ and describe the process of reconnection within communities as the âreinvention of socialityâ. Hebden Bridgeâs relative success in melding traditional and more contemporary forms of sociality helps to identify some broader lessons about fostering kindliness in neighbourhoods and communities
Searching Data: A Review of Observational Data Retrieval Practices in Selected Disciplines
A cross-disciplinary examination of the user behaviours involved in seeking
and evaluating data is surprisingly absent from the research data discussion.
This review explores the data retrieval literature to identify commonalities in
how users search for and evaluate observational research data. Two analytical
frameworks rooted in information retrieval and science technology studies are
used to identify key similarities in practices as a first step toward
developing a model describing data retrieval
Reconsidering online reputation systems
Social and socioeconomic interactions and transactions often require trust. In digital spaces, the main approach to facilitating trust has effectively been to try to reduce or even remove the need for it through the implementation of reputation systems. These generate metrics based on digital data such as ratings and reviews submitted by users, interaction histories, and so on, that are intended to label individuals as more or less reliable or trustworthy in a particular interaction context. We suggest that conventional approaches to the design of such systems are rooted in a capitalist, competitive paradigm, relying on methodological individualism, and that the reputation technologies themselves thus embody and enact this paradigm in whatever space they operate in. We question whether the politics, ethics and philosophy that contribute to this paradigm align with those of some of the contexts in which reputation systems are now being used, and suggest that alternative approaches to the establishment of trust and reputation in digital spaces need to be considered for alternative contexts
When Do People Trust Their Social Groups?
Trust facilitates cooperation and supports positive outcomes in social
groups, including member satisfaction, information sharing, and task
performance. Extensive prior research has examined individuals' general
propensity to trust, as well as the factors that contribute to their trust in
specific groups. Here, we build on past work to present a comprehensive
framework for predicting trust in groups. By surveying 6,383 Facebook Groups
users about their trust attitudes and examining aggregated behavioral and
demographic data for these individuals, we show that (1) an individual's
propensity to trust is associated with how they trust their groups, (2)
smaller, closed, older, more exclusive, or more homogeneous groups are trusted
more, and (3) a group's overall friendship-network structure and an
individual's position within that structure can also predict trust. Last, we
demonstrate how group trust predicts outcomes at both individual and group
level such as the formation of new friendship ties.Comment: CHI 201
Provenance-based trust for grid computing: Position Paper
Current evolutions of Internet technology such as Web Services, ebXML, peer-to-peer and Grid computing all point to the development of large-scale open networks of diverse computing systems interacting with one another to perform tasks. Grid systems (and Web Services) are exemplary in this respect and are perhaps some of the first large-scale open computing systems to see widespread use - making them an important testing ground for problems in trust management which are likely to arise. From this perspective, today's grid architectures suffer from limitations, such as lack of a mechanism to trace results and lack of infrastructure to build up trust networks. These are important concerns in open grids, in which "community resources" are owned and managed by multiple stakeholders, and are dynamically organised in virtual organisations. Provenance enables users to trace how a particular result has been arrived at by identifying the individual services and the aggregation of services that produced such a particular output. Against this background, we present a research agenda to design, conceive and implement an industrial-strength open provenance architecture for grid systems. We motivate its use with three complex grid applications, namely aerospace engineering, organ transplant management and bioinformatics. Industrial-strength provenance support includes a scalable and secure architecture, an open proposal for standardising the protocols and data structures, a set of tools for configuring and using the provenance architecture, an open source reference implementation, and a deployment and validation in industrial context. The provision of such facilities will enrich grid capabilities by including new functionalities required for solving complex problems such as provenance data to provide complete audit trails of process execution and third-party analysis and auditing. As a result, we anticipate that a larger uptake of grid technology is likely to occur, since unprecedented possibilities will be offered to users and will give them a competitive edge
Applying Bourdieu to socio-technical systems: The importance of affordances for social translucence in building 'capital' and status to eBay's success
This paper introduces the work of Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and his concepts of âthe fieldâ and âcapitalâ in relation to eBay. This paper considers eBay to be a socio-technical system with its own set of social norms, rules and competition over âcapitalâ. eBay is used as a case study of the importance of using a Bourdieuean approach to create successful socio-technical systems.Using a two-year qualitative study of eBay users as empirical illustration, this paper argues that a large part of eBayâs success is in the social and cultural affordances for social translucence and navigation of eBayâs website - in supporting the Bourdieuean competition over capital and status. This exploration has implications for wider socio-technical systems design which this paper will discuss - in particular, the importance of creating socially
translucent and navigable systems, informed by Bourdieuâs theoretical insights, which support competition for âcapitalâ and status
- âŠ