237 research outputs found
Trust transitivity in social networks
Non-centralized recommendation-based decision making is a central feature of
several social and technological processes, such as market dynamics,
peer-to-peer file-sharing and the web of trust of digital certification. We
investigate the properties of trust propagation on networks, based on a simple
metric of trust transitivity. We investigate analytically the percolation
properties of trust transitivity in random networks with arbitrary degree
distribution, and compare with numerical realizations. We find that the
existence of a non-zero fraction of absolute trust (i.e. entirely confident
trust) is a requirement for the viability of global trust propagation in large
systems: The average pair-wise trust is marked by a discontinuous transition at
a specific fraction of absolute trust, below which it vanishes. Furthermore, we
perform an extensive analysis of the Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) web of trust, in
view of the concepts introduced. We compare different scenarios of trust
distribution: community- and authority-centered. We find that these scenarios
lead to sharply different patterns of trust propagation, due to the segregation
of authority hubs and densely-connected communities. While the
authority-centered scenario is more efficient, and leads to higher average
trust values, it favours weakly-connected "fringe" nodes, which are directly
trusted by authorities. The community-centered scheme, on the other hand,
favours nodes with intermediate degrees, in detriment of the authorities and
its "fringe" peers.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures (with minor corrections
Trust transitivity and conditional belief reasoning
Abstract. Trust transitivity is a common phenomenon embedded in human reasoning about trust. Given a specific context or purpose, trust transitivity is often manifested through the humans' intuition to rely on the recommendations of a trustworthy advisor about another entity that the advisor recommends. Although this simple principle has been formalised in various ways for many trust and reputation systems, there is no real or physical basis for trust transitivity to be directly translated into a mathematical model. In that sense, all mathematical operators for trust transitivity proposed in the literature must be considered ad hoc; they represent attempts to model a very complex human phenomenon as if it were lendable to analysis by the laws of physics. Considering this nature of human trust transitivity in reality, any simple mathematical model will essentially have rather poor predictive power. In this paper, we propose a new interpretation of trust transitivity that is radically different from those described in the literature so far. More specifically, we consider recommendations from an advisor as evidence that the relying party will use as input arguments in conditional reasoning models for assessing hypotheses about the trust target. The proposed model of conditional trust transitivity is based on the framework of subjective logic
A calculus for distrust and mistrust
Properties of trust are becoming widely studied in several applications within the computational domain. On the contrary, negative trust attribution is less well-defined and related issues are yet to be approached and resolved. We present a natural deduction calculus for trust protocols and its negative forms, distrust and mistrust. The calculus deals efficiently with forms of trust transitivity and negative trust multiplication and we briefly illustrate some possible applications
A calculus for distrust and mistrust
Properties of trust are becoming widely studied in several applications within the computational domain. On the contrary, negative trust attribution is less well-defined and related issues are yet to be approached and resolved. We present a natural deduction calculus for trust protocols and its negative forms, distrust and mistrust. The calculus deals efficiently with forms of trust transitivity and negative trust multiplication and we briefly illustrate some possible applications
Trust and Transitivity: How trust-transfer works
Transitivity in trust is very often considered as a quite simple property, trivially inferable from the classical transitivity defined in mathematics, logic, or grammar. In fact the complexity of the trust notion suggests evaluating the relationships with the transitivity in a more adequate way. In this paper, starting from a socio-cognitive model of trust, we analyze the different aspects and conceptual frameworks involved in this relation and show how different interpretations of these concepts produce different solutions and definitions of trust transitivity
Flow-based reputation with uncertainty: Evidence-Based Subjective Logic
The concept of reputation is widely used as a measure of trustworthiness
based on ratings from members in a community. The adoption of reputation
systems, however, relies on their ability to capture the actual trustworthiness
of a target. Several reputation models for aggregating trust information have
been proposed in the literature. The choice of model has an impact on the
reliability of the aggregated trust information as well as on the procedure
used to compute reputations. Two prominent models are flow-based reputation
(e.g., EigenTrust, PageRank) and Subjective Logic based reputation. Flow-based
models provide an automated method to aggregate trust information, but they are
not able to express the level of uncertainty in the information. In contrast,
Subjective Logic extends probabilistic models with an explicit notion of
uncertainty, but the calculation of reputation depends on the structure of the
trust network and often requires information to be discarded. These are severe
drawbacks.
In this work, we observe that the `opinion discounting' operation in
Subjective Logic has a number of basic problems. We resolve these problems by
providing a new discounting operator that describes the flow of evidence from
one party to another. The adoption of our discounting rule results in a
consistent Subjective Logic algebra that is entirely based on the handling of
evidence. We show that the new algebra enables the construction of an automated
reputation assessment procedure for arbitrary trust networks, where the
calculation no longer depends on the structure of the network, and does not
need to throw away any information. Thus, we obtain the best of both worlds:
flow-based reputation and consistent handling of uncertainties
Secure Cloud-Edge Deployments, with Trust
Assessing the security level of IoT applications to be deployed to
heterogeneous Cloud-Edge infrastructures operated by different providers is a
non-trivial task. In this article, we present a methodology that permits to
express security requirements for IoT applications, as well as infrastructure
security capabilities, in a simple and declarative manner, and to automatically
obtain an explainable assessment of the security level of the possible
application deployments. The methodology also considers the impact of trust
relations among different stakeholders using or managing Cloud-Edge
infrastructures. A lifelike example is used to showcase the prototyped
implementation of the methodology
- …