293,875 research outputs found

    Pixel Detectors for Tracking and their Spin-off in Imaging Applications

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    To detect tracks of charged particles close to the interaction point in high energy physics experiments of the next generation colliders, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the present state of the art in detector technology. Three of the LHC detectors as well as the BTeV detector at the Tevatron will use vertex detectors based on this technology. A development period of almost 10 years has resulted in pixel detector modules which can stand the extreme rate and timing requirements as well as the very harsh radiation environment at the LHC for its full life time and without severe compromises in performance. From these developments a number of different applications have spun off, most notably for biomedical imaging. Beyond hybrid pixels, a number of trends and possibilities with yet improved performance in some aspects have appeared and presently developed to greater maturity. Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel detectors which do not require complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities. The present state in hybrid pixel detector development for the LHC experiments as well as for some imaging applications is reviewed and new trends towards monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel devices are summarized.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figure

    ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Sorption of Aqueous Analytes into Polymer Coatings Used with Guided SH-SAW Sensors

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    Attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the investigation of sorption of aqueous solutions of analytes into polymer coatings. A series of simple model polymers, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(epichlorhydrin), and poly(isobutylene), and films and analytes, such as aqueous solutions of ethylbenzene, xylenes, toluene, and nitrobenzene, were used to evaluate the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a screening tool for sensor development. The ratios of integrated infrared absorption bands provided a simple and efficient method for predicting trends in partition coefficients. Responses of polymer-coated guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensor platforms to the series of analytes, using polymer coatings with similar viscoelastic properties, were consistent with ATR-FTIR predictions. Guided SH-SAW sensor responses were linear in all cases with respect to analyte concentration in the tested range. Comparison of ATR-FTIR data with guided SH-SAW sensor data identifies cases where mass loading is not the dominant contribution to the response of the acoustic wave sensor. ATR-FTIR spectra of nitrobenzene, coupled with computational chemistry, provided additional insight into analyte/polymer interactions

    Trends in Pixel Detectors: Tracking and Imaging

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    For large scale applications, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the state of the art in pixel detector technology to date. They have been developed and start to be used as tracking detectors and also imaging devices in radiography, autoradiography, protein crystallography and in X-ray astronomy. A number of trends and possibilities for future applications in these fields with improved performance, less material, high read-out speed, large radiation tolerance, and potential off-the-shelf availability have appeared and are momentarily matured. Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic approaches which do not require complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities. Most of these are presently still in the development phase waiting to be used as detectors in experiments. The present state in pixel detector development including hybrid and (semi-)monolithic pixel techniques and their suitability for particle detection and for imaging, is reviewed.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Invited Review given at IEEE2003, Portland, Oct, 200

    Current Trend of Tactile Sensor in Advanced Applications

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    Tactile sensor is one of the important tactile technologies which discovered in the 1980s. It grows in line with development of robotics and computers. From current development trends, varieties of application areas from tactile sensor have been proposed. In this paper, developments of tactile sensor have been reviewed and the applications from previous five years journals are discussed. The transduction techniques, their relative advantages and disadvantages, latest application area of tactile sensor and contribution are analyzed

    Performance Analysis of Multiple Access Techniques for LTE system under Symbol Error Rate (SER) Calculation

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    In the recent years, so many technologies in multiple access trends have influenced the field of Wireless Sensor Networks in significant ways. Various trends are readily available technology of ubiquitous wireless sensor networks as well as wireless communication networks and progress in the development of two multiple access techniques are compared in this scenario: the OFDMA and SC-FDMA. The OFDMA and SC-FDMA transceivers are modeled and simulated considering both the interleaved and localized subcarriers mapping schemes. WSNs have the potentiality to connect the physical world with the virtual world by forming a network of sensor nodes. To prolong the networklsquo;s hop in terms of single and two hop using both techniques should be used in the sensor nodes. The minimization of computing and storage platforms as well as the development of novel micro sensors and sensor materials with high reliability force encourages technology in research on WSN. In this paper, we will proposed the field of multipath routing in wireless sensor networks, and mainly focus on the technology of SER of WSNs

    Measurement and analysis of rally car dynamics at high attitude angles

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    This research aims to investigate the nature of high β-angle cornering as seen in rallying and in particular the World Rally Championship. This is achieved through a combination of sensor development, on-car measurement and vehicle dynamic simulation. Through the development of novel β-angle measurement technology it has become possible to measure and study vehicle attitude dynamics on loose gravel surfaces. Using this sensor, an understanding of how a rally driver uses the dynamics of the vehicle and surface to maximise performance has been obtained. By combining the new data stream with accepted vehicle dynamic theory, the tyres have been considered and general trends in gravel tyre performance unveiled. Through feedback, these trends have been implemented as a means of tuning a dynamic model to improve realism and permit an analysis of cornering trends in rally cars. Active control systems have been considered that could implement more sophisticated algorithms based on this understanding and potentially use the new sensor information as an input signal. A case study which explores such a possibility is included
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