293,959 research outputs found
Pixel Detectors for Tracking and their Spin-off in Imaging Applications
To detect tracks of charged particles close to the interaction point in high
energy physics experiments of the next generation colliders, hybrid pixel
detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute
the present state of the art in detector technology. Three of the LHC detectors
as well as the BTeV detector at the Tevatron will use vertex detectors based on
this technology. A development period of almost 10 years has resulted in pixel
detector modules which can stand the extreme rate and timing requirements as
well as the very harsh radiation environment at the LHC for its full life time
and without severe compromises in performance. From these developments a number
of different applications have spun off, most notably for biomedical imaging.
Beyond hybrid pixels, a number of trends and possibilities with yet improved
performance in some aspects have appeared and presently developed to greater
maturity. Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel detectors which do
not require complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities.
The present state in hybrid pixel detector development for the LHC experiments
as well as for some imaging applications is reviewed and new trends towards
monolithic or semi-monolithic pixel devices are summarized.Comment: 24 pages, 16 figure
ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis of Sorption of Aqueous Analytes into Polymer Coatings Used with Guided SH-SAW Sensors
Attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used for the investigation of sorption of aqueous solutions of analytes into polymer coatings. A series of simple model polymers, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane), poly(epichlorhydrin), and poly(isobutylene), and films and analytes, such as aqueous solutions of ethylbenzene, xylenes, toluene, and nitrobenzene, were used to evaluate the use of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a screening tool for sensor development. The ratios of integrated infrared absorption bands provided a simple and efficient method for predicting trends in partition coefficients. Responses of polymer-coated guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) sensor platforms to the series of analytes, using polymer coatings with similar viscoelastic properties, were consistent with ATR-FTIR predictions. Guided SH-SAW sensor responses were linear in all cases with respect to analyte concentration in the tested range. Comparison of ATR-FTIR data with guided SH-SAW sensor data identifies cases where mass loading is not the dominant contribution to the response of the acoustic wave sensor. ATR-FTIR spectra of nitrobenzene, coupled with computational chemistry, provided additional insight into analyte/polymer interactions
Trends in Pixel Detectors: Tracking and Imaging
For large scale applications, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and
read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the state of the art in pixel
detector technology to date. They have been developed and start to be used as
tracking detectors and also imaging devices in radiography, autoradiography,
protein crystallography and in X-ray astronomy. A number of trends and
possibilities for future applications in these fields with improved
performance, less material, high read-out speed, large radiation tolerance, and
potential off-the-shelf availability have appeared and are momentarily matured.
Among them are monolithic or semi-monolithic approaches which do not require
complicated hybridization but come as single sensor/IC entities. Most of these
are presently still in the development phase waiting to be used as detectors in
experiments. The present state in pixel detector development including hybrid
and (semi-)monolithic pixel techniques and their suitability for particle
detection and for imaging, is reviewed.Comment: 10 pages, 15 figures, Invited Review given at IEEE2003, Portland,
Oct, 200
Current Trend of Tactile Sensor in Advanced Applications
Tactile sensor is one of the important tactile technologies which discovered in the 1980s. It grows in line with development of robotics and computers. From current development trends, varieties of application areas from tactile sensor have been proposed. In this paper, developments of tactile sensor have been reviewed and the applications from previous five years journals are discussed. The transduction techniques, their relative advantages and disadvantages, latest application area of tactile sensor and contribution are analyzed
Performance Analysis of Multiple Access Techniques for LTE system under Symbol Error Rate (SER) Calculation
In the recent years, so many technologies in multiple access trends have influenced the field of Wireless Sensor Networks in significant ways. Various trends are readily available technology of ubiquitous wireless sensor networks as well as wireless communication networks and progress in the development of two multiple access techniques are compared in this scenario: the OFDMA and SC-FDMA. The OFDMA and SC-FDMA transceivers are modeled and simulated considering both the interleaved and localized subcarriers mapping schemes. WSNs have the potentiality to connect the physical world with the virtual world by forming a network of sensor nodes. To prolong the networklsquo;s hop in terms of single and two hop using both techniques should be used in the sensor nodes. The minimization of computing and storage platforms as well as the development of novel micro sensors and sensor materials with high reliability force encourages technology in research on WSN. In this paper, we will proposed the field of multipath routing in wireless sensor networks, and mainly focus on the technology of SER of WSNs
Measurement and analysis of rally car dynamics at high attitude angles
This research aims to investigate the nature of high β-angle cornering as
seen in rallying and in particular the World Rally Championship. This is
achieved through a combination of sensor development, on-car measurement
and vehicle dynamic simulation.
Through the development of novel β-angle measurement technology it has
become possible to measure and study vehicle attitude dynamics on loose
gravel surfaces. Using this sensor, an understanding of how a rally driver
uses the dynamics of the vehicle and surface to maximise performance has
been obtained.
By combining the new data stream with accepted vehicle dynamic theory,
the tyres have been considered and general trends in gravel tyre performance
unveiled. Through feedback, these trends have been implemented as a means
of tuning a dynamic model to improve realism and permit an analysis of
cornering trends in rally cars.
Active control systems have been considered that could implement more
sophisticated algorithms based on this understanding and potentially use the
new sensor information as an input signal. A case study which explores such
a possibility is included
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Comparing Building and Neighborhood-Scale Variability of CO₂ and O₃ to Inform Deployment Considerations for Low-Cost Sensor System Use.
The increased use of low-cost air quality sensor systems, particularly by communities, calls for the further development of best-practices to ensure these systems collect usable data. One area identified as requiring more attention is that of deployment logistics, that is, how to select deployment sites and how to strategically place sensors at these sites. Given that sensors are often placed at homes and businesses, ideal placement is not always possible. Considerations such as convenience, access, aesthetics, and safety are also important. To explore this issue, we placed multiple sensor systems at an existing field site allowing us to examine both neighborhood-level and building-level variability during a concurrent period for CO₂ (a primary pollutant) and O₃ (a secondary pollutant). In line with previous studies, we found that local and transported emissions as well as thermal differences in sensor systems drive variability, particularly for high-time resolution data. While this level of variability is unlikely to affect data on larger averaging scales, this variability could impact analysis if the user is interested in high-time resolution or examining local sources. However, with thoughtful placement and thorough documentation, high-time resolution data at the neighborhood level has the potential to provide us with entirely new information on local air quality trends and emissions
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