1,917 research outputs found
Tree-depth and vertex-minors
Abstract In a recent paper Kwon and Oum (2014), Kwon and Oum claim that every graph of bounded rank-width is a pivot-minor of a graph of bounded tree-width (while the converse has been known true already before). We study the analogous questions for “depth” parameters of graphs, namely for the tree-depth and related new shrub-depth. We show how a suitable adaptation of known results implies that shrub-depth is monotone under taking vertex-minors, and we prove that every graph class of bounded shrub-depth can be obtained via vertex-minors of graphs of bounded tree-depth. While we exhibit an example that pivot-minors are generally not sufficient (unlike Kwon and Oum (2014)) in the latter statement, we then prove that the bipartite graphs in every class of bounded shrub-depth can be obtained as pivot-minors of graphs of bounded tree-depth
Obstructions for bounded shrub-depth and rank-depth
Shrub-depth and rank-depth are dense analogues of the tree-depth of a graph.
It is well known that a graph has large tree-depth if and only if it has a long
path as a subgraph. We prove an analogous statement for shrub-depth and
rank-depth, which was conjectured by Hlin\v{e}n\'y, Kwon, Obdr\v{z}\'alek, and
Ordyniak [Tree-depth and vertex-minors, European J.~Combin. 2016]. Namely, we
prove that a graph has large rank-depth if and only if it has a vertex-minor
isomorphic to a long path. This implies that for every integer , the class
of graphs with no vertex-minor isomorphic to the path on vertices has
bounded shrub-depth.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures; accepted to Journal of Combinatorial Theory Ser.
Grad and classes with bounded expansion I. decompositions
We introduce classes of graphs with bounded expansion as a generalization of
both proper minor closed classes and degree bounded classes. Such classes are
based on a new invariant, the greatest reduced average density (grad) of G with
rank r, grad r(G). For these classes we prove the existence of several
partition results such as the existence of low tree-width and low tree-depth
colorings. This generalizes and simplifies several earlier results (obtained
for minor closed classes)
Grad and Classes with Bounded Expansion II. Algorithmic Aspects
Classes of graphs with bounded expansion are a generalization of both proper
minor closed classes and degree bounded classes. Such classes are based on a
new invariant, the greatest reduced average density (grad) of G with rank r,
∇r(G). These classes are also characterized by the existence of several
partition results such as the existence of low tree-width and low tree-depth
colorings. These results lead to several new linear time algorithms, such as an
algorithm for counting all the isomorphs of a fixed graph in an input graph or
an algorithm for checking whether there exists a subset of vertices of a priori
bounded size such that the subgraph induced by this subset satisfies some
arbirtrary but fixed first order sentence. We also show that for fixed p,
computing the distances between two vertices up to distance p may be performed
in constant time per query after a linear time preprocessing. We also show,
extending several earlier results, that a class of graphs has sublinear
separators if it has sub-exponential expansion. This result result is best
possible in general
Finding Cycles and Trees in Sublinear Time
We present sublinear-time (randomized) algorithms for finding simple cycles
of length at least and tree-minors in bounded-degree graphs. The
complexity of these algorithms is related to the distance of the graph from
being -minor-free (resp., free from having the corresponding tree-minor).
In particular, if the graph is far (i.e., -far) {from} being
cycle-free, i.e. if one has to delete a constant fraction of edges to make it
cycle-free, then the algorithm finds a cycle of polylogarithmic length in time
\tildeO(\sqrt{N}), where denotes the number of vertices. This time
complexity is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors.
The foregoing results are the outcome of our study of the complexity of {\em
one-sided error} property testing algorithms in the bounded-degree graphs
model. For example, we show that cycle-freeness of -vertex graphs can be
tested with one-sided error within time complexity
\tildeO(\poly(1/\e)\cdot\sqrt{N}). This matches the known
query lower bound, and contrasts with the fact that any minor-free property
admits a {\em two-sided error} tester of query complexity that only depends on
the proximity parameter \e. For any constant , we extend this result
to testing whether the input graph has a simple cycle of length at least .
On the other hand, for any fixed tree , we show that -minor-freeness has
a one-sided error tester of query complexity that only depends on the proximity
parameter \e.
Our algorithm for finding cycles in bounded-degree graphs extends to general
graphs, where distances are measured with respect to the actual number of
edges. Such an extension is not possible with respect to finding tree-minors in
complexity.Comment: Keywords: Sublinear-Time Algorithms, Property Testing, Bounded-Degree
Graphs, One-Sided vs Two-Sided Error Probability Updated versio
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