1,631 research outputs found
Physical Multi-Layer Phantoms for Intra-Body Communications
This paper presents approaches to creating tissue mimicking materials that
can be used as phantoms for evaluating the performance of Body Area Networks
(BAN). The main goal of the paper is to describe a methodology to create a
repeatable experimental BAN platform that can be customized depending on the
BAN scenario under test. Comparisons between different material compositions
and percentages are shown, along with the resulting electrical properties of
each mixture over the frequency range of interest for intra-body
communications; 100 KHz to 100 MHz. Test results on a composite multi-layer
sample are presented confirming the efficacy of the proposed methodology. To
date, this is the first paper that provides guidance on how to decide on
concentration levels of ingredients, depending on the exact frequency range of
operation, and the desired matched electrical characteristics (conductivity vs.
permittivity), to create multi-layer phantoms for intra-body communication
applications
MIMO In Vivo
We present the performance of MIMO for in vivo environments, using ANSYS HFSS
and their complete human body model, to determine the maximum data rates that
can be achieved using an IEEE 802.11n system. Due to the lossy nature of the in
vivo medium, achieving high data rates with reliable performance will be a
challenge, especially since the in vivo antenna performance is strongly
affected by near field coupling to the lossy medium and the signals levels will
be limited by specified specific absorption rate (SAR) levels. We analyzed the
bit error rate (BER) of a MIMO system with one pair of antennas placed in vivo
and the second pair placed inside and outside the body at various distances
from the in vivo antennas. The results were compared to SISO simulations and
showed that by using MIMO in vivo, significant performance gain can be
achieved, and at least two times the data rate can be supported with SAR
limited transmit power levels, making it possible to achieve target data rates
in the 100 Mbps.Comment: WAMICON 201
Compact personal distributed wearable exposimeter
A compact wearable personal distributed exposimeter (PDE) is proposed, sensing the power density of incident radio frequency (RF) fields on the body of a human. In contrast to current commercial exposimeters, our PDE, being composed of multiple compact personal wearable RF exposimeter sensor modules, minimizes uncertainties caused by the proximity of the body, the specific antenna used, and the exact position of the exposimeter. For unobtrusive deployment inside a jacket, each individual exposimeter sensor module is specifically implemented on the feedplane of a textile patch antenna. The new wearable sensor module's high-resolution logarithmic detector logs RF signal levels. Next, on-board flash memory records minimum, maximum, and average exposure data over a time span of more than two weeks, at a one-second sample period. Sample-level synchronization of each individual exposimeter sensor module enables combining of measurements collected by different nodes. The system is first calibrated in an anechoic chamber, and then compared with a commercially available single-unit exposimeter. Next, the PDE is validated in realistic conditions, by measuring the average RF power density on a human during a walk in an urban environment and comparing the results to spectrum analyzer measurements with a calibrated antenna
Intra-Body Communications for Nervous System Applications: Current Technologies and Future Directions
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) paradigm will enable next generation
healthcare by enhancing human abilities, supporting continuous body monitoring
and restoring lost physiological functions due to serious impairments. This
paper presents intra-body communication solutions that interconnect implantable
devices for application to the nervous system, challenging the specific
features of the complex intra-body scenario. The presented approaches include
both speculative and implementative methods, ranging from neural signal
transmission to testbeds, to be applied to specific neural diseases therapies.
Also future directions in this research area are considered to overcome the
existing technical challenges mainly associated with miniaturization, power
supply, and multi-scale communications.Comment: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138912862300163
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