Aquatic-Based Tabata training: a training system to improve physical fitness of athletes in situational sports

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of aquatic-based Tabata training on increasing the physical fitness level of athletes in situational sports through a mixed study. Material and methods: This study adopted a quantitative and qualitative (mixed) approach. Research involved participants who were athletes in situational sports, namely martial arts (n=20) football (n=20). Situational sports are sports with a changing situation during competitive activity. These include sports games and martial arts. Participants were allocated into two groups, namely an experimental group that received an aquatic-based Tabata training program and a control group that carried out normal training. Quantitative instruments for measuring physical fitness was leg dynamometer test, squat jumps, 10 meter running tests, shuttle runs, sit and reach and multi-stage. Meanwhile qualitative instrument involved in-depth interviews for 30 minutes. Quantitative statistical analysis used IBM SPSS to obtain normality, descriptive statistics. Meanwhile, the Independent samples t-test used to test differences in physical fitness values between the before and after of experiment. Paired sample t-test serves to test whether there is an effect of the experimental and control groups on the level of physical fitness. Qualitative statistical analysis through thematic, namely coded and categorized into three themes. Results: The first finding in the quantitative study showed that there was no difference in the physical fitness of the experimental and control group athletes before the experiment (p>0.05). The second finding that aquatic-based Tabata training had a significant effect on increasing physical fitness (p<0.05), but there was no increase in physical fitness in the control group (p>0.05). The third finding is that there are differences in the physical fitness of the experimental and control group athletes after getting the experiment (p<0.05). Meanwhile qualitative result shows that the athletes agreed that the aquatic-based Tabata training program was easy, fun and efficient to use and saves time. In addition, they also assumed that this training had a big impact in improving physical fitness, but this training also has challenges, namely it could not be applied to pre-teens athletes and has the risk to cause injury if the athletes were not carried out an optimal warming up and not serious in carrying out the training program. Conclusions: This study concluded that aquatic-based Tabata training was proven to be one of the effective training systems to improve the physical fitness of athletes in situational sports

Total Quality Management (TQM) in Hungary

In up-to-date manufacturing, industrial quality has proven to be a key competitive advantage. An active market position and profits are associated with high quality products and services. Like the optical properties of a natural crystal, quality reflects the state of the whole industry, its marketing, research and development, design, production methods, human resources, logistics, costing and pricing, and capital background. All advancement in the productive and commercial capability of a company relates somehow to the quality of the delivered goods. The holistic approach to industrial quality appeals to industrial policymaking and company leadership; quality improvement converted into an authoritative management issue. Active commitment and program implantation by the people at the top usually decides the whole quality image of the company. The outstanding role that quality plays in industry, obliges IIASA to follow closely the developments in international strategies of quality promotion. We highly appreciate the enthusiastic response of Hungarian industry. It has been proved that an advanced knowledge of comprehensive quality management, accumulated in leading industrial countries, is clearly compatible with the socio-economic environment of the Hungarian Republic. Encouraging results achieved so far invite other countries, with at least comparable societal structure, to follow the Hungarian example. IIASA would be pleased to provide an intellectual background for such breakthroughs in the challenging area of total quality movement

Collaborative Audio Transcription and Repair as a Method for Novice Pilots to Learn Approach Briefing Crew Resource Management (CRM) Skills

The growth of aviation in scope, scale, and complexity increases the demands for student learning, including crew resource management (CRM) skills. Instructor facilitated methods have proven effective for CRM skill learning. This study investigated a method of collaborative audio transcription and repair based learning (CTRBL) offering the potential for reduced demand upon instructor resources for CRM learning. The theorybased CTRBL method was used in this study as a way for novice pilots to learn the CRM skill of conducting a crew approach briefing with a focus on risk mitigation. Learning methods used to develop the CTRBL method were drawn from facilitated scenario-based training in aviation, instructional methods in language learning, and discourse analysis in aviation. The CTRBL method effectiveness was evaluated by a quasi-experimental method using 42 participants formed into 21 dyadic groups. The results suggest that CTRBL is a manageable, independent student activity that is perceived by learners to be nearly as enjoyable as comparable ground-based CRM learning methods. Participants self-rated their post-treatment crew briefings higher than their pre-treatment briefings, and subject matter experts rated post-treatment crew briefings higher than pre-treatment briefings, suggesting the CTRBL method resulted in learning. Recommendations are made for future applications and research of CTRBL

Very Light Jet: Pilot Training to Enhance Safe and Efficient Operation

The research was conducted to determine if the voluntary Federal Aviation Administration Industry Training Standards (FITS) and Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) were included in the pilot's Very Light Jet (VLJ) training programs. In addition, some demographic variables like age, hours of flying experience and others, were looked at in relation to selected preference variables like preferred method of training, safety features and others, to see if there were any significant relationships. A purposive sampling of the population was obtained through personal visits to five aviation training sites where VLJ pilots were known to be in attendance. This data was collected using an on-site survey administered to a defined population of 25 pilots, each of whom was in or had already completed VLJ training. The survey used included 19 closed-ended and two open ended questions, which provided sufficient information to adequately, address all six of the research questions. The results of the study indicated that ofSchool of Teaching and Curriculum Leadershi

Impact of Transition Training on Adapting to Technically Advanced Aircraft at Regional Airlines: Perceptions of Pilots and Instructor Pilots

The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesis about pilot and instructor pilot perceptions of how effectively pilots learn and use new technology, found in Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA), given initial type of instrumentation training. New aviation technologies such as Glass Cockpits in technically advanced aircraft are complex and can be difficult to learn and use. The research questions focused on the type of initial instrumentation training to determine the differences among pilots trained using various types of instrumentation ranging from aircraft equipped with traditional analog instrumentation to aircraft equipped with glass cockpits. A convenience sample of Pilots in Training (PT) and Instructor Pilots (IP) was selected from a regional airline. The research design used a mixed methodology. Pilots in training completed a thirty-two question quantitative questionnaire and instructor pilots completed a five question qualitative questionnaire. Findings and Conclusions: This investigation failed to disprove the null hypothesis. The type of initial instrumentation training has no significant effect on newly trained regional airline pilot perceived ability to adapt to advanced technology cockpits. Therefore, no evidence exists from this investigation to support the early introduction and training of TAA. While the results of this investigation were surprising, they are nonetheless, instructive. Even though it would seem that there would be a relationship between exposure to and use of technically advanced instrumentation, apparently there was no perceived relationship for this group of airline transport pilots. However, a point of interest is that these pilots were almost evenly divided in their opinion of whether or not their previous training had prepared them for transition to TAA. The majority also believed that the type of initial instrumentation training received does make a difference when transitioning to TAA. Pilots believed that TAA made them safer pilots, but were not convinced it made them better pilots. The results of this investigation raise many new questions and provide a number of ideas for future research projects.School of Educational Studie

Adaptive Feedback In Simulation-based Training

Feedback is essential to guide performance in simulation-based training (SBT) and to refine learning. Generally outcomes improve when feedback is delivered with personalized tutoring that tailors specific guidance and adapts feedback to the learner in a one-to-on environment. Therefore, emulating by automation these adaptive aspects of human tutors in SBT systems should be an effective way to train individuals. This study investigates the efficacy of automating different types of feedback in a SBT system. These include adaptive bottom-up feedback (i.e., detailed feedback, changing to general as proficiency develops) and adaptive top-down feedback (i.e., general feedback, changing to detailed if performance fails to improve). Other types of non-adaptive feedback were included for performance comparisons as well as to examine the overall cognitive load. To test hypotheses, 130 participants were randomly assigned to five conditions. Two feedback conditions employed adaptive approaches (bottom-up and top-down), two used non-adaptive approaches (constant detailed and constant general), and one functioned as a control group (i.e., only a performance score was given). After preliminary training on the simulator system, participants completed four simulated search and rescue missions (three training missions and one transfer mission). After each training mission, all participants received feedback relative to the condition they were assigned. Overall performance on missions, knowledge post-test scores, and subjective cognitive load were measured and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the type of feedback. Results indicate that: (1) feedback generally improves performance, confirming prior research; (2) performance for the two adaptive approaches (bottom-up vs. top-down did not differ significantly at the end of training, but the bottom-up group achieved higher performance levels significantly sooner; (3) performance for the bottom-up and constant detailed groups did not differ significantly, although the trend suggests that adaptive bottom-up feedback may yield significant results in further studies. Overall, these results have implications for the implementation of feedback in SBT and beyond for other computer-based training systems

An Interface for Training a Training System

We are interested in using game technology to provide an engaging and immersive environment for experiential learning of workplace situations. Narrative intelligence will be used to provide the adventure. For authoring we provide an adaptive interface that allows the direct capture of the workplace situations and the knowledge driving the interaction. We include an initial study comparing the learning outcomes for an animated demonstration with video footage of a similar scenario