10 research outputs found
Towards FollowMe User Profiles for Macro Intelligent Environments
We envision an Ambient Intelligent Environment as an environment with technology embedded within the framework of that environment to help enhance an users experience in that environment. Existing implementations , while working effectively, are themselves an expensive and time consuming investment. Applying the same expertise to an environment on a monolithic scale is very inefficient, and thus, will require a different approach. In this paper, we present this problem, propose theoretical solutions that would solve this problem, with the guise of experimentally verifying and comparing these approaches, as well as a formal method to model the entire scenario
Machine Learning Algorithms for Provisioning Cloud/Edge Applications
Mención Internacional en el título de doctorReinforcement Learning (RL), in which an agent is trained to make the most
favourable decisions in the long run, is an established technique in artificial intelligence. Its
popularity has increased in the recent past, largely due to the development of deep neural
networks spawning deep reinforcement learning algorithms such as Deep Q-Learning. The
latter have been used to solve previously insurmountable problems, such as playing the
famed game of “Go” that previous algorithms could not. Many such problems suffer the
curse of dimensionality, in which the sheer number of possible states is so overwhelming
that it is impractical to explore every possible option.
While these recent techniques have been successful, they may not be strictly necessary
or practical for some applications such as cloud provisioning. In these situations, the
action space is not as vast and workload data required to train such systems is not
as widely shared, as it is considered commercialy sensitive by the Application Service
Provider (ASP). Given that provisioning decisions evolve over time in sympathy to
incident workloads, they fit into the sequential decision process problem that legacy RL
was designed to solve. However because of the high correlation of time series data, states
are not independent of each other and the legacy Markov Decision Processes (MDPs)
have to be cleverly adapted to create robust provisioning algorithms.
As the first contribution of this thesis, we exploit the knowledge of both the application
and configuration to create an adaptive provisioning system leveraging stationary Markov
distributions. We then develop algorithms that, with neither application nor configuration
knowledge, solve the underlying Markov Decision Process (MDP) to create provisioning
systems. Our Q-Learning algorithms factor in the correlation between states and the
consequent transitions between them to create provisioning systems that do not only
adapt to workloads, but can also exploit similarities between them, thereby reducing
the retraining overhead. Our algorithms also exhibit convergence in fewer learning steps
given that we restructure the state and action spaces to avoid the curse of dimensionality
without the need for the function approximation approach taken by deep Q-Learning
systems.
A crucial use-case of future networks will be the support of low-latency applications
involving highly mobile users. With these in mind, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) has proposed the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC)
architecture, in which computing capabilities can be located close to the network edge,
where the data is generated. Provisioning for such applications therefore entails migrating
them to the most suitable location on the network edge as the users move. In this thesis,
we also tackle this type of provisioning by considering vehicle platooning or Cooperative
Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) on the edge. We show that our Q-Learning algorithm
can be adapted to minimize the number of migrations required to effectively run such
an application on MEC hosts, which may also be subject to traffic from other competing
applications.This work has been supported by IMDEA Networks InstitutePrograma de Doctorado en Ingeniería Telemática por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Antonio Fernández Anta.- Secretario: Diego Perino.- Vocal: Ilenia Tinnirell
FIN-DM: finantsteenuste andmekaeve protsessi mudel
Andmekaeve hõlmab reeglite kogumit, protsesse ja algoritme, mis võimaldavad ettevõtetel iga päev kogutud andmetest rakendatavaid teadmisi ammutades suurendada tulusid, vähendada kulusid, optimeerida tooteid ja kliendisuhteid ning saavutada teisi eesmärke. Andmekaeves ja -analüütikas on vaja hästi määratletud metoodikat ja protsesse. Saadaval on mitu andmekaeve ja -analüütika standardset protsessimudelit. Kõige märkimisväärsem ja laialdaselt kasutusele võetud standardmudel on CRISP-DM. Tegu on tegevusalast sõltumatu protsessimudeliga, mida kohandatakse sageli sektorite erinõuetega. CRISP-DMi tegevusalast lähtuvaid kohandusi on pakutud mitmes valdkonnas, kaasa arvatud meditsiini-, haridus-, tööstus-, tarkvaraarendus- ja logistikavaldkonnas. Seni pole aga mudelit kohandatud finantsteenuste sektoris, millel on omad valdkonnapõhised erinõuded.
Doktoritöös käsitletakse seda lünka finantsteenuste sektoripõhise andmekaeveprotsessi (FIN-DM) kavandamise, arendamise ja hindamise kaudu. Samuti uuritakse, kuidas kasutatakse andmekaeve standardprotsesse eri tegevussektorites ja finantsteenustes. Uurimise käigus tuvastati mitu tavapärase raamistiku kohandamise stsenaariumit. Lisaks ilmnes, et need meetodid ei keskendu piisavalt sellele, kuidas muuta andmekaevemudelid tarkvaratoodeteks, mida saab integreerida organisatsioonide IT-arhitektuuri ja äriprotsessi. Peamised finantsteenuste valdkonnas tuvastatud kohandamisstsenaariumid olid seotud andmekaeve tehnoloogiakesksete (skaleeritavus), ärikesksete (tegutsemisvõime) ja inimkesksete (diskrimineeriva mõju leevendus) aspektidega. Seejärel korraldati tegelikus finantsteenuste organisatsioonis juhtumiuuring, mis paljastas 18 tajutavat puudujääki CRISP- DMi protsessis.
Uuringu andmete ja tulemuste abil esitatakse doktoritöös finantsvaldkonnale kohandatud CRISP-DM nimega FIN-DM ehk finantssektori andmekaeve protsess (Financial Industry Process for Data Mining). FIN-DM laiendab CRISP-DMi nii, et see toetab privaatsust säilitavat andmekaevet, ohjab tehisintellekti eetilisi ohte, täidab riskijuhtimisnõudeid ja hõlmab kvaliteedi tagamist kui osa andmekaeve elutsüklisData mining is a set of rules, processes, and algorithms that allow companies to increase revenues, reduce costs, optimize products and customer relationships, and achieve other business goals, by extracting actionable insights from the data they collect on a day-to-day basis. Data mining and analytics projects require well-defined methodology and processes. Several standard process models for conducting data mining and analytics projects are available. Among them, the most notable and widely adopted standard model is CRISP-DM. It is industry-agnostic and often is adapted to meet sector-specific requirements. Industry- specific adaptations of CRISP-DM have been proposed across several domains, including healthcare, education, industrial and software engineering, logistics, etc. However, until now, there is no existing adaptation of CRISP-DM for the financial services industry, which has its own set of domain-specific requirements.
This PhD Thesis addresses this gap by designing, developing, and evaluating a sector-specific data mining process for financial services (FIN-DM). The PhD thesis investigates how standard data mining processes are used across various industry sectors and in financial services. The examination identified number of adaptations scenarios of traditional frameworks. It also suggested that these approaches do not pay sufficient attention to turning data mining models into software products integrated into the organizations' IT architectures and business processes. In the financial services domain, the main discovered adaptation scenarios concerned technology-centric aspects (scalability), business-centric aspects (actionability), and human-centric aspects (mitigating discriminatory effects) of data mining. Next, an examination by means of a case study in the actual financial services organization revealed 18 perceived gaps in the CRISP-DM process.
Using the data and results from these studies, the PhD thesis outlines an adaptation of
CRISP-DM for the financial sector, named the Financial Industry Process for Data Mining
(FIN-DM). FIN-DM extends CRISP-DM to support privacy-compliant data mining, to tackle AI ethics risks, to fulfill risk management requirements, and to embed quality assurance as part of the data mining life-cyclehttps://www.ester.ee/record=b547227
Dynamic virtual reality user interface for teleoperation of heterogeneous robot teams
This research investigates the possibility to improve current teleoperation control for heterogeneous robot teams using modern Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) techniques such as Virtual Reality. It proposes a dynamic teleoperation Virtual Reality User Interface (VRUI) framework to improve the current approach to teleoperating heterogeneous robot teams
Human-robot interaction system based on multimodal and adaptive dialogs
Mención Internacional en el título de doctorDurante los últimos años, en el área de la Interacción Humano-Robot (HRI), ha
sido creciente el estudio de la interacción en la que participan usuarios no entrenados
tecnológicamente con sistemas robóticos. Para esta población de usuarios potenciales,
es necesario utilizar técnicas de interacción que no precisen de conocimientos previos
específicos. En este sentido, al usuario no se le debe presuponer ningún tipo de habilidad
tecnológica: la única habilidad interactiva que se le puede presuponer al usuario
es la que le permite interaccionar con otros humanos. Las técnicas desarrolladas y
expuestas en este trabajo tienen como finalidad, por un lado que el sistema/robot se
exprese de modo y manera que esos usuarios puedan comprenderlo, sin necesidad de
hacer un esfuerzo extra con respecto a la interacción con personas. Por otro lado, que
el sistema/robot interprete lo que esos usuarios expresen sin que tengan que hacerlo
de modo distinto a como lo harían para comunicarse con otra persona. En definitiva,
se persigue imitar a los seres humanos en su manera de interactuar.
En la presente se ha desarrollado y probado un sistema de interacción natural, que
se ha denominado Robotics Dialog System (RDS). Permite una interacción entre el
robot y el usuario usando los diversos canales de comunicación disponibles. El sistema
completo consta de diversos módulos, que trabajando de una manera coordinada
y complementaria, trata de alcanzar los objetivos de interacción natural deseados.
RDS convive dentro de una arquitectura de control robótica y se comunica con el
resto de sistemas que la componen, como son los sistemas de: toma de decisiones,
secuenciación, comunicación, juegos, percepción sensoriales, expresión, etc.
La aportación de esta tesis al avance del estado del arte, se produce a dos niveles.
En un plano superior, se presenta el sistema de interacción humano-robot (RDS)
mediante diálogos multimodales. En un plano inferior, en cada capítulo se describen los componentes desarrollados expresamente para el sistema RDS, realizando contribuciones
al estado del arte en cada campo tratado. Previamente a cada aportación
realizada, ha sido necesario integrar y/o implementar los avances acaecidos en su
estado del arte hasta la fecha. La mayoría de estas contribuciones, se encuentran
respaldadas mediante publicación en revistas científicas.
En el primer campo en el que se trabajó, y que ha ido evolucionando durante todo
el proceso de investigación, fue en el campo del Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural.
Se ha analizado y experimentado en situaciones reales, los sistemas más importantes
de reconocimiento de voz (ASR); posteriormente, algunos de ellos han sido integrados
en el sistema RDS, mediante un sistema que trabaja concurrentemente con varios
motores de ASR, con el doble objetivo de mejorar la precisión en el reconocimiento
de voz y proporcionar varios métodos de entrada de información complementarios.
Continuó la investigación, adaptando la interacción a los posibles tipos de micrófonos
y entornos acústicos. Se complementó el sistema con la capacidad de reconocer voz
en múltiples idiomas y de identificar al usuario por su tono de voz.
El siguiente campo de investigación tratado corresponde con la generación de
lenguaje natural. El objetivo ha sido lograr un sistema de síntesis verbal con cierto
grado de naturalidad e inteligibilidad, multilenguaje, con varios timbres de voz, y
que expresase emociones. Se construyó un sistema modular capaz de integrar varios
motores de síntesis de voz. Para dotar al sistema de cierta naturalidad y variabilidad
expresiva, se incorporó un mecanismo de plantillas, que permite sintetizar voz con
cierto grado de variabilidad léxica.
La gestión del diálogo constituyo el siguiente reto. Se analizaron los paradigmas
existentes, y se escogió un gestor basado en huecos de información. El gestor escogido
se amplió y modificó para potenciar la capacidad de adaptarse al usuario (mediante
perfiles) y tener cierto conocimiento del mundo. Conjuntamente, se desarrollo el
módulo de fusión multimodal, que se encarga de abstraer la multimodalidad al gestor
del diálogo, es decir, de abstraer al gestor del diálogo de los canales por los que se
recibe el mensaje comunicativo. Este módulo, surge como el resultado de adaptar la
teoría de actos comunicativos en la interacción entre humanos a nuestro sistema de
interacción. Su función es la de empaquetar la información sensorial emitida por los
módulos sensoriales de RDS (siguiendo un algoritmo de detección de actos comunicativos,
desarrollado para este trabajo), y entregarlos al gestor del diálogo en cada
turno del diálogo.
Para potenciar la multimodalidad, se añadieron nuevos modos de entrada al sistema.
El sistema de localización de usuarios, que en base al análisis de varias entradas
de información, entre ellas la sonora, consigue identificar y localizar los usuarios que
rodean al robot. La gestión de las emociones del robot y del usuario también forman
parte de las modos de entradas del sistema, para ello, la emoción del robot se genera
mediante un módulo externo de toma de decisiones, mientras que la emoción del usuario es percibida mediante el análisis de las características sonoras de su voz y de
las expresiones de su rostro. Por último, otras modos de entrada incorporados han
sido la lectura de etiquetas de radio frecuencia, y la lectura de texto escrito.
Por otro lado, se desarrollaron nuevos modos expresivos o de salida. Entre ellos
destacan la expresión de sonidos no-verbales generados en tiempo real, la capacidad de
cantar, y de expresar ciertos gestos “de enganche” que ayudan a mejorar la naturalidad
de la interacción: mirar al usuario, afirmaciones y negaciones con la cabeza, etc.In recent years, in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) area, there has been more
interest in situations where users are not technologically skilled with robotic systems.
For these users, it is necessary to use interactive techniques that don’t require previous
specific knowledge. Any technological skill must not be assumed for them; the only
one permitted is to communicate with other human users. The techniques that will
be shown in this work have the goal that the robot or system displays information
in a way that these users can understand it perfectly. In other words, in the same
way they would do with any other human, and the robot or system understands what
users are expressing. To sum up, the goal is to emulate how humans are interacting.
In this thesis a natural interaction system has been developed and tested, it has
been called Robotics Dialog System (RDS). It allows users and robotic communication
using different channels. The system is comprised of many modules that work together
co-ordinately to reach the desired natural interactivity levels. It has been designed
inside a robotic control architecture and communicates with all the other systems:
decision management system, sequencer, communication system, games, sensorial and
movement skills, etc. This thesis contributes to the state-of-the-art in two levels. First,
in a high level, it is shown a Human-Robot Interaction System (RDS) with multimodal
dialogs. Second, in the lower level, in each chapter the specifically designed
components for this RDS system will be described. All of them will contribute to the
state-of-the-art individually to their scientific subject. Before each contribution it has
been necessary to update them, either by integrating or implementing the state-ofthe-
art techniques. Most of them have been checked with scientific journal papers.
The first works were done in the Natural Language Processing system. Analysis and
experiments have been carried out with the most important existing voice recognition systems (ASR) in daily real situations. Then, some of them have been added into
the RDS system in a way that they are able to work concurrently, the goal was
to enhance the voice recognition precision and enable several complementary input
methods. Then, the research focus was move to adapt the interaction between several
types of microphones and acoustic environments. Finally, the system was extended to
be able to identify several languages and users, using for this later their voice tone.
The next system to be focused was the natural language generator, whose main
objectives within this thesis boundaries were to reach a certain level of intelligence
and naturalness, to be multilingual, to have several voice tones and to express emotions.
The system architecture was designed to be comprised of several modules and
abstraction layers because several voice synthesis engines needed to be integrated.
A pattern-based mechanism was also added to the system in order to give it some
natural variability and to generate non-predefined sentences in a conversation.
Then the Dialog Management System (DMS) was the next challenge. First of
all, the existing paradigms whose behaviour is based in filling information gaps were
analysed to choose the best one. Secondly, the system was modified and tailored to
be adapted to users (by means of user profiling) and finally, some general knowledge
was added (by using pre-defined files). At the same time the Multi-modal Module was
developed. Its goal is to abstract this multi-modality from the DMS, in other words,
the DMS system must use the message regardless the input channel the message
used to reach it. This module was created as a result of adapting the communicative
act theory in interactions between human beings to our interaction system. Its main
function is to gather the information from the RDS sensorial modules (following an
ad-hoc communicative act detection algorithm developed for this work) and to send
them to the DMS at every step of the communicative process. New modes were
integrated on the system to enhance this multi-modality such as the user location
system, which allows the robot to know the position around it where the users are
located by analysing a set of inputs, including sound. Other modes added to the
system are the radio frequency tag reader and the written text reader. In addition,
the robot and user emotion management have been added to the available inputs, and
then, taken into account. To fulfil this requirement, the robot emotions are generated
by an external decision-maker software module while the user emotions are captured
by means of acoustic voice analysis and artificial vision techniques applied to the user
face. Finally, new multi-modal expressive components, which make the interaction
more natural, were developed: the capacity of generating non-textual real-time sounds,
singing skills and some other gestures such as staring at the user, nodding, etc.Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y AutomáticaPresidente: Carlos Balaguer Bernaldo de Quirós.- Vocal: Antonio Barrientos Cru
State of Civil Society Report 2015
Glimpses into the amazing work being done by our colleagues in civil society to address some of the most urgent global issues. From humanitarian response to long-term peacebuilding, civil society is often at the frontline of the world's challenges. The report is also full of worries, especially when it comes to the political space in which civil society operates and vital resourcing for its activities.This year's report is aimed not just at mapping the nature of the challenges in these two areas but also acts as a guide for our members -- and others -- to come up with their own responses. You will see there are actionable recommendations after each section