Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 182, July 1978

This bibliography lists 165 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in June 1978

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing supplement 180, May 1978

This special bibliography lists 201 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in April 1978

The Alkaloids of Erythrina: Clonal Evaluation and Metabolic Fate.

The foliage of thirteen genetic clones of the nitrogen-fixing trees Erythrina berteroana, E. poeppigiana and E. costarricensis growing under similar environmental conditions in the Latin American Nitrogen Fixing Tree Arboretum, CATIE, Turrialba, Costa Rica, was evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for toxic alkaloid content. The major alkaloid identified was $\beta$-erythroidine, a naturally derived drug used in the 1950s and 1960s as a neuromuscular blocking agent in surgery and electroshock treatments. Other alkaloids identified were $\alpha$-erythroidine, erybidine, erythraline, erysodine, oxo-$\beta$-erythroidine and several previously undescribed compounds. There was a difference of more than two orders of magnitude in the $\beta$-erythroidine concentration between the clones with the highest and the lowest content. Although all clones tested contained some amount of $\beta$-erythroidine, at least one clone of each species was notably low in this drug. The results indicate that the expression of Erythrina alkaloids is at least partially under genetic control. A feeding study was performed utilizing goats on three experimental diets: control, 40% E. berteroana foliage and 40% E. poeppigiana foliage. The $\beta$-erythroidine present in the foliage of Erythrina species was hydrogenated in the rumen and $\beta$-erythroidine, dihydroerythroidines and tetrahydroerythroidines were detected in the milk of goats in the Erythrina foliage treatment groups, however, these compounds were not detected in the milk of the control group. Synthetic experiments demonstrated that the dihydroerythroidine isomers present in the milk and rumen samples were not the same isomers produced by catalytic hydrogenation. During catalytic hydrogenation, the conjugated diene in $\beta$-erythroidine is reduced to a single double bond at the 1-6 position. Mass spectral data indicate that the conjugated diene is conserved during hydrogenation of $\beta$-erythroidine in the rumen and that the double bond in the lactone ring may be hydrogenated. Synthetically derived dihydroerythroidine is ten times more potent than the parent drug, $\beta$-erythroidine, therefore there is a possibility that the presence of biologically hydrogenated dihydroerythroidines in the milk of goats which consume Erythrina foliage may pose a health hazard to individuals consuming the contaminated milk. Further studies designed to investigate the toxicology of biologically hydrogenated dihydroerythroidines are recommended

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 220, June 1981

Approximately 137 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in May 1981 are recorded, covering a variety of topics in aerospace medicine and biology

Effects of Adding Liquid Lactose or Molasses to Pelleted Swine Diets on Pellet Quality and Pig Performance

Two experiments were completed to evaluate the effects of adding liquid lactose or molasses to pelleted swine diets on pellet quality and pig performance. A total of 194 nursery pigs were used in a 33-d experiment evaluating the effects of liquid lactose (SweetLac 63; Westway Feed Products, Tomball, TX) or cane molasses on nursery pig performance and pellet quality. Experimental diets were fed in pelleted form from d 0 to 21, and a common pelleted diet fed from d 21 to 33. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet containing 19.1% total sugars from whey powder and whey permeate (control), and experimental diets with a percentage of whey permeate replaced by either 5 or 10% liquid lactose (SweetLac 63; Westway Feed Products, Houston, TX) (5% LL and 10% LL, respectively) or 9.4% cane molasses (9.4% M). Hot pellet temperature, production rate and percent fines decreased (P < 0.05) from the control to 9.4% M treatments with 5% LL and 10% LL having intermediate effects. Pellet durability index (PDI) increased (P < 0.05) in 5% LL, 10% LL and 9.4% M respectively. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed the 9.4% M treatment had the best G:F with 10% LL having the intermediate effect. Fecal consistency scores at d 7 were also firmer in pigs fed 9.4% M with 10% LL having the intermediate effect. There were improvements in ADFI from d 0 to 21 for pigs fed up to 10% LL in the diet. The addition of liquid lactose or molasses to nursery pig diets had an improvement on PDI pellet quality and decrease in percent fines. In experiment 2, 289 finishing pigs were used in a 53-d experiment evaluating the effects of liquid lactose (SweetLac 63; Westway Feed Products, Houston, TX) on pellet quality, finishing pig performance and carcass characteristics. Experimental diets were fed in pelleted form from d 0 to 53 divided into 3 phases: d 0 to 19, d 19 to 36, and d 36 to 53. Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal control diet with 0 (control), 2.5 (2.5% LL), 5 (5% LL), and 7.5% (7.5% LL) liquid lactose (as-is) added in the place of corn. Pellet durability index improved (linear, P < 0.01) with increasing inclusion rates of liquid lactose. Throughout the 53-d experiment, there were no differences in ADG, ADFI or final BW. Pigs fed diets with increasing levels of liquid lactose tended to have improved (quadratic, P = 0.070) G:F, with pigs fed the 2.5% liquid lactose diet having the best numerical G:F. Additionally, there were no differences among carcass characteristics

Fat and water signals in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

This thesis is intended to explore fat and water differentiation in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The need to create separate fat and water images is discussed and a critical review of current practices in the field is presented. These techniques include chemical shift imaging, coupled spin mapping and methods based on relaxation time differences. As an extension of this review, alternative slice cycling procedures are proposed that afford an improvement in the conventional chemical shift selective presaturation sequence. A new, hybrid fat or water suppression sequence is studied in detail, including a theoretical description of the role of the sequence parameters, as well as direct experimental comparison with its most closely related conventional fat and water differentiation techniques. The proposed scheme is shown to be robust in normal use and more tolerant than the conventional methods to mis-settings of experimental parameters. In vivo demonstration of the method is also performed. Further work involves the generation of differential fat and water relaxation time maps. A critical review of current, conventional techniques that allow production of longitudinal relaxation calculated images is presented. Novel pulse sequence schemes for the measurement of fat and water longitudinal relaxation times are described, and the accuracy of these measurements is evaluated using phantoms. The results obtained are also being compared with conventional spectroscopic and imaging methods

Aeronautical engineering: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 306)

This bibliography lists 181 reports, articles, and other documents recently introduced into the NASA STI Database. Subject coverage includes the following: design, construction and testing of aircraft and aircraft engines; aircraft components, equipment, and systems; ground support systems; and theoretical and applied aspects of aerodynamics and general fluid dynamics

Quarterly literature review of the remote sensing of natural resources

The Technology Application Center reviewed abstracted literature sources, and selected document data and data gathering techniques which were performed or obtained remotely from space, aircraft or groundbased stations. All of the documentation was related to remote sensing sensors or the remote sensing of the natural resources. Sensors were primarily those operating within the 10 to the minus 8 power to 1 meter wavelength band. Included are NASA Tech Briefs, ARAC Industrial Applications Reports, U.S. Navy Technical Reports, U.S. Patent reports, and other technical articles and reports

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography (supplement 160)

This bibliography lists 166 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in October 1976

Effects of the Piscicides, Mahua Oil Cake and Croton Seed on the Prawn Culture System

The present research programme envisages a comparative study of the effects of two piscicides of plant origin, viz., mahua oil cake, a derivative from the plant fig Iatifolia and croton seed, a product from the plant Croton tiglium. Although some reports on the effects of mahua oil cake and croton seed on fresh water pond culture systems are available, information on their effect on brackishwater culture systems are rather scanty This was the guiding principle for launching the present study It is hoped that the findings will enable aquaculturists to make use of the piscicides in a more rational and efficient way, and will go a long way towards realising the maximum return from culture systems without hampering the environment. The thesis is presented in seven chapters such as Introduction, Review of literature, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Summary and Bibliograph