Soft congestion approximation to the one-dimensional constrained Euler equations

This article is concerned with the analysis of the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations with a singular pressure law, the so-called hard sphere equation of state. The result is twofold. First, we establish the existence of bounded weak solutions by means of a viscous regularization and refined compensated compactness arguments. Second, we investigate the smooth setting by providing a detailed description of the impact of the singular pressure on the breakdown of the solutions. In this smooth framework, we rigorously justify the singular limit towards the free-congested Euler equations, where the compressible (free) dynamics is coupled with the incompressible one in the constrained (i.e. congested) domain

Asymptotic problems and numerical schemes for traffic flows with unilateral constraints describing the formation of jams

International audienceWe discuss numerical strategies to deal with PDE systems describing traffic flows, taking into account a density threshold, which restricts the vehicles density in the situation of congestion. These models are obtained through asymptotic arguments. Hence, we are interested in the simulation of approached models that contain stiff terms and large speeds of propagation. We design schemes intended to apply with relaxed stability conditions

A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics

Computational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, the Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities, with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized. © 2022, The Author(s)

A comparative review of peridynamics and phase-field models for engineering fracture mechanics

Computational modeling of the initiation and propagation of complex fracture is central to the discipline of engineering fracture mechanics. This review focuses on two promising approaches: phase-field (PF) and peridynamic (PD) models applied to this class of problems. The basic concepts consisting of constitutive models, failure criteria, discretization schemes, and numerical analysis are briefly summarized for both models. Validation against experimental data is essential for all computational methods to demonstrate predictive accuracy. To that end, the Sandia Fracture Challenge and similar experimental data sets where both models could be benchmarked against are showcased. Emphasis is made to converge on common metrics for the evaluation of these two fracture modeling approaches. Both PD and PF models are assessed in terms of their computational effort and predictive capabilities, with their relative advantages and challenges are summarized

The 2D2D nonlinear shallow water equations with a partially immersed obstacle

This article is devoted to the proof of the well-posedness of a model describing waves propagating in shallow water in horizontal dimension $d=2$ and in the presence of a fixed partially immersed object. We first show that this wave-interaction problem reduces to an initial boundary value problem for the nonlinear shallow water equations in an exterior domain, with boundary conditions that are fully nonlinear and nonlocal in space and time. This hyperbolic initial boundary value problem is characteristic, does not satisfy the constant rank assumption on the boundary matrix, and the boundary conditions do not satisfy any standard form of dissipativity. Our main result is the well-posedness of this system for irrotational data and at the quasilinear regularity threshold. In order to prove this, we introduce a new notion of weak dissipativity, that holds only after integration in time and space. This weak dissipativity allows high order energy estimates without derivative loss; the analysis is carried out for a class of linear non-characteristic hyperbolic systems, as well as for a class of characteristic systems that satisfy an algebraic structural property that allows us to define a generalized vorticity. We then show, using a change of {unknowns}, that {it} is possible to transform the linearized wave-interaction {problem} into a non-characteristic system, {which} satisfies this structural property and for which the boundary conditions are weakly dissipative. We can therefore use our general analysis to derive linear, and then nonlinear, a priori energy estimates. Existence for the linearized problem is obtained by a regularization procedure that makes the problem non-characteristic and strictly dissipative, and by the approximation of the data by more regular data satisfying higher order compatibility conditions for the regularized problem. Due to the fully nonlinear nature of the boundary conditions, it is also necessary to implement a quasilinearization procedure. Finally, we have to lower the standard requirements on the regularity of the coefficients of the operator in the linear estimates to be able to reach the quasilinear regularity threshold in the nonlinear well-posedness result

Modélisation et simulations numériques pour des systèmes de la mécanique des fluides avec contraintes; application à la biologie et au trafic routier

The works presented in this thesis are devoted to the study of partial differential equations systems (PDE). In particular, we are interested in constrained systems coming from the fluid mechanics field which allow to described, in time and space, physical quantities such as density or speed. In this context, we build models for biology which are then numerically tested. We also present an original numerical method for a road traffic model.In the first part, using the theory of mixtures, we model the development of a photosynthetic micro-algae biofilm. The growth of micro-algae is precisely described by taking into account their composition and their access to nutrients dissolved in the surrounding liquid and light. Then, using numerical simulations, we estimate the biofilm productivity.In the second part, using the mixture theory we propose a model describing the rheology of the large intestine and its mucus layer. Thanks to this model we can give an accurate description of the velocity field induced by intestinal flow. This velocity field will then be used to build a modeldescribing precisely interactions between the intestinal microbiota, the gastric broth and the host. For these two models numerical schemes are proposed and allow a first validation of the models.The last part is devoted to developing an asymptotic preserving scheme for the constraint Aw-Rascle system for road traffic. We present an explicit-implicit method based on a splitting technique in order to approximate the solutions of Aw-Rascle system with constraint, while relaxing the stability condition (CFL).Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse sont consacrés à l’étude de systèmes d’équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP). En particulier, nous nous intéressons à des systèmes issus de la mécanique des fluides avec contraintes, qui permettent de décrire de manière continue, en temps et en espace, des quantités physiques telles que la densité ou la vitesse. Dans ce cadre, nous construisons des modèles pour la biologie, qu’ensuite nous testons numériquement. Nous proposons également avec des méthodes similaires une approche numérique originale pour un système de trafic routier.Dans une première partie, à l’aide de la théorie des mélanges, nous modélisons le développement d’un biofilm de micro-algues photosynthétiques. La croissance des micro-algues y est précisément décrite, en tenant compte de leur composition et de l’accès aux nutriments dissouts, contenus dans le liquide environnant ainsi que de la lumière. Puis, à l’aide de simulations numériques, nous estimons la productivité du biofilm.Dans la seconde partie, en utilisant la théorie des mélanges, nous proposons un modèle permettant de décrire la rhéologie du gros intestin et de sa couche de mucus. Grâce à ce modèle, nous donnerons une description précise du champ de vitesse, induit par le flux intestinal. Puis, ce champ de vitesse sera utilisé pour construire un modèle décrivant les interactions entre le microbiote intestinal, le bouillon gastrique et l’hôte. Pour ces deux modèles, un schéma numérique est proposé et permet une première validation.Enfin, la dernière partie est consacrée à l’élaboration d’un schéma asymptotic preserving pour le système de trafic routier d’Aw-Rascle avec contrainte. Nous y présentons une méthode explicite-implicite basée sur une technique de splitting permettant d’approcher les solutions du systèmed’Aw-Rascle avec contrainte, tout en réduisant la contrainte de stabilité (CFL)

Generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature and applications

A simple numerical method for constructing the optimal generalized averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas will be presented. These formulas exist in many cases in which real positive GaussKronrod formulas do not exist, and can be used as an adequate alternative in order to estimate the error of a Gaussian rule. We also investigate the conditions under which the optimal averaged Gaussian quadrature formulas and their truncated variants are internal

MS FT-2-2 7 Orthogonal polynomials and quadrature: Theory, computation, and applications

Quadrature rules find many applications in science and engineering. Their analysis is a classical area of applied mathematics and continues to attract considerable attention. This seminar brings together speakers with expertise in a large variety of quadrature rules. It is the aim of the seminar to provide an overview of recent developments in the analysis of quadrature rules. The computation of error estimates and novel applications also are described

Bibliography of Lewis Research Center technical publications announced in 1984

This compilation of abstracts describes and indexes the technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the Lewis Research Center in 1984. All the publications were announced in the 1984 issues of STAR (Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports) and/or IAA (International Aerospace Abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patents and patent applications, and theses

Synthesis of new pyrazolium based tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids and their use in removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution

In this study, two new pyrazolium based tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids, 2-ethyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3,5- dimethylpyrazolium tetrafluoroborate (3a) and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-pentyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazolium tetrafluoroborate (3b), were synthesized via three-step reaction and characterized. The removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution has been investigated using the synthesized salts as an extractant and methylene chloride as a solvent. The obtained results show that MB was extracted from aqueous solution with high extraction efficiency up to 87 % at room temperature at the natural pH of MB solution. The influence of the alkyl chain length on the properties of the salts and their extraction efficiency of MB was investigated