Generation of Large-Volume Diffuse Plasma by an External Ionization Wave From a Single-Electrode Plasma Jet

A non-thermal transient diffuse plasma can be generated remotely in a nonconductive reduced pressure chamber by an external guided fast ionization wave (FIW). We found that an atmospheric-pressure low-temperature plasma jet (APPJ) can be a source of FIW which transfers an enhanced electric field at the wave front across a reduced pressure Pyrex glass chamber with no electrical connection to the chamber. Here, we studied the formation and propagation of the APPJ plasma, the interaction of atmospheric-pressure guided FIW with a dielectric surface which forms the wall of the reduced-pressure system, and the formation and propagation of the reduce-pressure FIW inside a chamber. In this study, key characteristics of the transient diffuse plasma are discussed. The reduced pressure plasma parameters were measured by Langmuir probe and APPJ electrical measurements were carried out to elucidate the operational mechanisms of the guided FIW as an igniter of the reduced-pressure transient diffuse plasma. It was shown that the transient discharge in the reduced-pressure chamber was generated by an enhanced electric field (18.5 kV/cm when the APPJ applied voltage was 8.5 kV) inside the chamber that generated a bulk plasma with negative potential due to the nonconductive boundary. We used fast imaging of both APPJ plasma plume and the transient reduced-pressure FIW inside the Pyrex chamber. Fast images were taken by an intensified CCD to study the launching and propagation phases of both APPJ plasma and the transient reduced-pressure diffuse plasma as well as the incidence of the guided FIW on a dielectric surface. The APPJ plasma plume images revealed that the plasma plume created by guided FIW was in fact made of two discrete volumetric discharges (known as plasma bullet) per applied high-voltage pulse traveling at supersonic velocities up to 170 km/s. Since such a volumetric discharge was initiated by a surface discharge inside the APPJ hollow tube, it had a donut-shaped structure. We also used Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of the APPJ plasma and the transient diffuse plasma. It was shown that the diffuse plasma was capable of producing first and second ionized nitrogen (N+ and N++), atomic oxygen (O), ionized nitrogen molecule (N2+), and OH• radicals in helium diffuse plasma (with air impurities) and in air diffuse plasma. The present research shows that this type of electrodeless non-thermal, large-volume diffuse plasma resembles a fast-growing transient glow discharge that lasts for several hundreds of nanoseconds. The electron density in such a plasma with the admixture of helium and air can reach up to 1012 cm-3 at a pressure around 1 Torr. A promising application of the large-volume diffuse plasma is in surface processing such as plasma-aided coating and etching processes with minimal contamination due to the clean environment inside the reduced-pressure system

Fast talk & flush times : the confidence man as a literary convention

Includes bibliographical references (pages 221-232) and index.Lenz provides a historical overview of the American confidence man, and its role as a literary convention.The new country -- The early tradition of confidence games -- The emergence of the confidence-man convention -- Four variations of the confidence man -- The war, Mark Twain, and the flush-times confidence man -- From the new country to the twentieth century.Digitized at the University of Missouri--Columbia MU Libraries Digitization Lab in 2012. Digitized at 600 dpi with Zeutschel, OS 15000 scanner. Access copy, available in MOspace, is 400 dpi, grayscale

Study of Bidirectional Broadband Passive Optical Network (BPON) Using EDFA

Optical line terminals (OLTs) and number of optical network units (ONUs) are two main parts of passive optical network (PON). OLT is placed at the central office of the service providers, the ONUs are located near to the end subscribers. When compared with point-to-point design, a PON decreases the number of fiber used and central office components required. Broadband PON (BPON), which is one type of PON, can support high-speed voice, data and video services to subscribers\u27 residential homes and small businesses. In this research, by using erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), the performance of bi-directional BPON is experimented and tested for both downstream and upstream traffic directions. Ethernet PON (E-PON) and gigabit PON (G-PON) are the two other kinds of passive optical network besides BPON. The most beneficial factor of using BPON is it\u27s reduced cost. The cost of the maintenance between the central office and the users\u27 side is suitable because of the use of passive components, such as a splitter in the BPON architecture. In this work, a bidirectional BPON has been analyzed for both downstream and upstream cases by using bit error rate analyzer (BER). BER analyzers test three factors that are the maximum Q factor, minimum bit error rate, and eye height. In other words, parameters such as maximum Q factor, minimum bit error rate, and eye height can be analyzed utilized a BER tester. Passive optical components such as a splitter, optical circulator, and filters have been used in modeling and simulations. A 12th edition Optiwave simulator has been used in order to analyze the bidirectional BPON system. The system has been tested under several conditions such as changing the fiber length, extinction ratio, dispersion, and coding technique. When a long optical fiber above 40km was used, an EDFA was used in order to improve the quality of the signal

1869-03-24

The Old Commonwealth was a weekly newspaper published in Harrisonburg, Va., between 1865 and 1884

The Magic Mountain

Praised highly by Mann himself, Weigand's book (originally published in 1933) is an essential piece of criticism on Mann's monumental novel. In his study of "The Magic Mountain" Weigand comments on the novel's genre and organization before dissecting the themes of disease and mysticism, Mann's use of irony, and other aspects of this masterpiece of German literature

Rituals of diagnosis : insanity, medicine, and violence in the American novel, 1799-1861

textRituals of Diagnosis argues that nineteenth-century America’s literary representations of madness and its diagnosis respond to interdisciplinary efforts at cultivating a national psychology. Uniting theological and philosophical traditions with medical speculation, mental health reformers from Benjamin Rush to Dorothea Dix linked the expansion of democracy with new vulnerabilities for madness. Theories about insanity thus hypothesized relationships between freedom and responsibility. I examine how America’s first psychological fictions contributed to this rich field of discussion. Taking up novels by Charles Brockden Brown, Robert Montgomery Bird, and Oliver Wendell Holmes that pivot around the investigation of madness, I examine how literary works from the Revolutionary Era to the Civil War dramatize interpretive processes that classify transgressive behavior. I argue that the grotesque subjects at the center of these investigations—Anglo-Americans who are likened to demons, animals, and “savage” racial others—indicate the provisionality of the period’s theories of mental illness and register anxieties about affiliation and responsibility that accompanied their development. This inquiry contributes to contemporary conversations about authority, desire, and the role of violence in the American imaginary, and argues that scientific speculation and literary experimentation collaborated in constructing this imaginary. While many have acknowledged that discourses of mental health participated in codifying social and political norms, I draw explicit attention to literary form as a site for examining the motivations that fuel these discourses by showing how their narrative trajectories put medical knowledge into conversation with sentimental ideologies. Examining how these novels conjoin problems of interpretive confusion with affective confusion, I explore how these mysteries destabilize the disembodied rationality central to the perch of objectivity that sustained white supremacist interrogations of racial and gendered others. The struggle to situate the locus of social unrest into psychological and ethnic others betrays an archive of fears and fantasies contained by diagnostic procedures.Englis

Charleston Mercury, July 1860-December 1862

Selected articles from the Charleston Mercury, July 1860-December 1862

The verse-epistles of Robert Burns : a critical study

From the introduction: So vast is the body of published work on Burns that one must justify yet another study of the poet. From 1786 to the present, his life and poetry have always had popular appeal. In his lifetime, he was an object of attention to all classes of society, from Ayrshire peasants to the habitue of Edinburgh drawing-roans, and detractors, idolaters, and disinterested parties have continued to scrutinize his achievements and failings. Popular attention has never wavered. In the nineteenth century especially, many and varied editions of Burns's poetry were published to satisfy this curiosity. Some were lavish, some cheap; some accurate, others, wildly imaginative. Nor has this demand noticeably slackened in the present century. Not a year passes without some book or pamphlet, albeit ephemeral, being published on Burns. To the scholarly mind, "popular", when applied to Burns studies, usually implies superficiality and this assumption all too often proves correct. It can hardly be said that the best minds of each age since Burns's death have considered him worthy of their critical attention in the way that Shakespeare, or Dante, or Milton have engaged scholars, editors, and publishers in succeeding generations. Byron, Coleridge, Hazlitt, Emerson, Carlyle, and Mac=armid have commented on Burns, and in the nineteenth century important and durable editorial work was undertaken. Nevertheless, it remains true that it was not until the twentieth century, and then only in bursts, that there developed a scholarly, academic interest to match the popular enthusiasm for Robert Burns

Dissemination of culture through a translational community : German drama in English translation on the London West End stage from 1900-1914

[From the introduction:]This thesis seeks both to chart the dissemination of German drama 'on the London West End Stage between 1900 and 1914 and to provide an account of the ideological factors which inevitably underlie such a considerable programme of translational activity. In other words, the play a particular group or individuals decide to translate, the nature of the translational choices and strategies which are employed at every stage of the translation process, the particular time, place, and manner of staging, and the issues of reception are never ideologically neutral events. Translation always exists within a historical and cultural context. The main set of premises for a study of this kind - indeed, for all work which might come under the heading Descriptive Translation Studies - is the notion that all translation involves re-writing (see Lefevere 1985), that such re-writing "is never innocent" (Bassnett & Lefevere 1990:11), and that "all translation implies a degree of manipulation of the source text for a certain purpose" (Hermans 1985: 11). It should be stressed, however, that although Descriptive Translation Studies might be described as the dominant methodology within the relatively new discipline of Translation Studies this thesis represents one of the first extended attempts to apply that methodology to the English stage