FITONÍMIA NHEENGATU DE PLANTAS UTILIZADAS NO TRATAMENTO DA MALÁRIA NO ALTO RIO NEGRO – AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da fitonímia das plantas antimaláricas em Nheengatu por indígenas do Alto rio Negro e verificar se há, no estudo dos fitônimos, informações sobre suas propriedades medicinais ou de princípios ativos. Foram entrevistadas 43 pessoas em quatro comunidades indígenas. Foram analisados 22 fitônimos, pertencentes a 19 espécies, a maioria nativa do domínio fitogeográfico da Amazônia. Os fitônimos foram divididos em quatro grupos: utilidade para o ser humano; utilidade para animais; características morfológicas da planta e de hábitat; mitos. Observou-se que a maioria das plantas é identificada por suas características morfológicas e de utilidade para o homem. A pesquisa demonstra que os fitônimos não possuem significados relevantes relacionados ao uso medicinal

The Soviet Sanatorium: Medicine, Nature and Mass Culture in Sochi, 1917-1991

In this study, I trace the development and influence of a network of concepts, practices and ideas about nature and health in the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991 that I call "turning to nature for health." Turning to nature for health sought to reform and re-frame the processes of urbanization and industrialization in Soviet culture. It provided a vocabulary that framed these processes in terms of their influence on health. "Nature" (priroda) was constructed as an antidote to the modern city. In nature, sanatorium visitors sought relief from various "maladies of civilization," understood to result from the poor material conditions, "Americanization," and alienation from nature of urban life. Nature was conceptualized as a source of spiritual renewal, aesthetic pleasure and rest as well as healing and medical therapy. At the center of the culture of turning to nature for health was a constructed division between the profane urban world and the idealized world of nature.Histor

Plantas medicinais utilizadas para o tratamento de transtornos do sistema digestório na Região Sul do Brasil

O uso de plantas medicinais pela população é bastante difundido, em especial em regiões onde o acesso a medicamentos é bastante limitado. Além disso, muitos fármacos tiveram sua origem a partir de espécies vegetais, e estudos sobre a sua utilização pela população poderiam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novas moléculas farmacologicamente ativas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi realizar um estudo de caráter descritivo através de um levantamento bibliográfico das plantas medicinais usadas popularmente para o tratamento de distúrbios do sistema digestório na Região Sul do Brasil. Para o levantamento, foram utilizados dados primários de 50 trabalhos etnobotânicos produzidos nos estados do Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina e encontrados em bases de dados, bem como em monografias, dissertações e teses encontradas no Catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes, em bibliotecas da UFRGS e repositórios de universidades dos três estados supracitados, sem limite de período. As plantas citadas nos estudos foram organizadas, resultando em um banco de dados apresentado na forma de gráficos, quadros e tabelas. O total de espécies citadas no estado do Paraná foi de 172, distribuídas em 55 famílias; no Rio Grande do Sul foram 259 espécies, distribuídas em 72 famílias e em Santa Catarina foram 157 espécies, distribuídas em 55 famílias. As famílias mais representativas nos três estados foram Asteraceae, Lamiaceae e Myrtaceae. As espécies nativas mais citadas nos três estados foram compiladas, e através da revisão da literatura, foram obtidos dados químicos, biológicos e farmacológicos com relação a distúrbios do sistema digestório. Apesar da ampla utilização popular de espécies nativas, foi possível constatar através deste trabalho de que para muitas destas plantas faltam dados para que seja possível comprovar os efeitos, validar cientificamente o uso tradicional destas plantas e sua ação sobre o sistema digestório.A high proportion of the population uses medicinal plants, especially in regions where access to medicines is quite limited. In addition, many drugs are originated from plant species, and studies on their use by the population could contribute to the development of new pharmacologically active molecules. The objective of this work was to carry out a descriptive study through a bibliographical survey of medicinal plants popularly used for the treatment of the digestive disorders in the Southern Region of Brazil. For the survey, primary data were used from 50 ethnobotanical works produced in the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina found in databases, as well as in monographs, dissertations and theses found in Catálogo de teses e dissertações da Capes, in UFRGS libraries and University repositories from the three aforementioned states, with no period limit. The plants mentioned in the studies were organized, resulting in a database presented in the form of graphs, charts and tables. The total number of species mentioned in the state of Paraná was 172, distributed in 55 families; Rio Grande do Sul there were 259 species, distributed in 72 families and in Santa Catarina there were 157 species, distributed in 55 families. The most representative families in the three states were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Myrtaceae. The native species most cited in the three states were compiled, and through the literature review, chemical, biological and pharmacological data were obtained regarding disorders of the digestive system. Despite the widespread popular use of native species, it was possible to verify through this work that for many of these plants data are lacking to enable the verification of the effects, scientifically validate the traditional use of these plants and their action on the digestive system

Through the Gateway: Marijuana Production, Governance, and the Drug War Détente

Since the 1996 voter approval of medical marijuana laws in California, marijuana policy has become increasingly liberalized. Producers, however, have remained in the greyest of grey market zones. Federal anti-drug laws and supply-side tactics have intensively targeted them even as marijuana has become more licit. In this legally unstable environment, marijuana patient-cultivators and underground producers have articulated and asserted themselves politically and economically, particularly as the likelihood of full legalization has increased. This dissertation explores how producers navigated the nebulous zone between underground and medical markets. I argue that even as producers supplied marijuana to a formalizing, regulated medical industry they proved trenchantly resistant to government regulation. In the process they carved out new claims on citizenship, well being, property rights, community, and relations to nature. This politics provides an insight into how the emergence of marijuana production into civic life is transforming the political economy of rural and exurban Northern California, a region that has been a historical locus of marijuana production in the United States. More broadly, this politics from the informal-illegal margins offers a unique insight into the role of domestic marijuana producers in challenging the global War on Drugs. As a gateway moment for “the gateway drug,” this dissertation points to the new drug war détente. Through the Gateway is based on 19 months of participant-observation fieldwork in Northern California, spanning from 2010 to 2014. It is focused on two subregions: the North Coast and the Sierra Foothills. Both case studies are explored in three chapters focused on: the historical entrenchment of marijuana prohibition and production; the destabilization of these systems as producers vied for political voice; and the governmental retrenchment of the War on Drugs. Prior to these explorations, I narrate a legal, medical, and economic history of marijuana and, in conclusion, I explore some of the implications of this study for understanding regional and national political economy, politics of the new peasantry and the informal market, transformations of criminalization and social control systems, and the relation of the War on Drugs to the arc of US global empire

Unmet goals of tracking: within-track heterogeneity of students' expectations for

Educational systems are often characterized by some form(s) of ability grouping, like tracking. Although substantial variation in the implementation of these practices exists, it is always the aim to improve teaching efficiency by creating homogeneous groups of students in terms of capabilities and performances as well as expected pathways. If students’ expected pathways (university, graduate school, or working) are in line with the goals of tracking, one might presume that these expectations are rather homogeneous within tracks and heterogeneous between tracks. In Flanders (the northern region of Belgium), the educational system consists of four tracks. Many students start out in the most prestigious, academic track. If they fail to gain the necessary credentials, they move to the less esteemed technical and vocational tracks. Therefore, the educational system has been called a 'cascade system'. We presume that this cascade system creates homogeneous expectations in the academic track, though heterogeneous expectations in the technical and vocational tracks. We use data from the International Study of City Youth (ISCY), gathered during the 2013-2014 school year from 2354 pupils of the tenth grade across 30 secondary schools in the city of Ghent, Flanders. Preliminary results suggest that the technical and vocational tracks show more heterogeneity in student’s expectations than the academic track. If tracking does not fulfill the desired goals in some tracks, tracking practices should be questioned as tracking occurs along social and ethnic lines, causing social inequality

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Book

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Boo