Dentistry

The specialty of Dental Surgery has progressed from the "blood and acrylic" of the early seventies. Dentistry has undergone a quantum leap over the past twenty-five years, with improvements in both technique and technology, bringing us the sophisticated procedures used in today's practice.peer-reviewe

Image quality evaluation of eight complementary metalâ oxide semiconductor intraoral digital Xâ ray sensors

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134084/1/idj12241_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134084/2/idj12241.pd

The Dangers of Digital Imaging

In today\u27s world, photography takes on a whole different meaning that it did 20-30 years ago. Whereas terms such as photograph and graphic used to have separate meanings that classified them from one another, these and many similar terms have been melded together to represent the same thing... a computer image. Due to the jump in technology over the past 10 years alone, digital cameras went from flashy novelties to a strong industry standard in photography, and swift computer alteration of photographs and images began with a very small amount of people to practically everyone who has a computer today. The digital revolution is now upon us, basically leaving analogue film for the die-hard nostalgic artists that once believed that film could never be replaced by digital images, but as it seems today, this swap of digital over analogue has definitely become reality. With this digital takeover at our feet, there is a very real threat of the lines between reality and trickery being blurred, and a considerable amount of information that we all need to be aware of. The dangers of digital imaging are all around us, slowly escalating in potency, and what we see now in the world today is only the beginning. (Abstract created by OPUS staff from thesis

The Influence of media displays and image quality attributes for HDR image reproductions

High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography has been in existence at least since the time of Ansel Adams, with his experiments using analog film and darkroom techniques for the production of black and white prints in the 1940\u27s (Ashbrook, 2010). This photographic method has the ability to provide a more accurate representation of a scene through a greater range of the light and dark areas captured in an image. In the mid-20th century HDR Photography it has continued to grow in popularity among those interested in photography wishing to optimize their resulting image beyond a more commonly used technique. Presently, the limitations of commonly available reproduction technologies can lead to unpredictable output results through media such as monitor displays and inkjet prints. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of quality attributes and image content on the preference of display media for HDR image reproductions. To achieve this purpose, a psychophysical experiment was conducted of 38 observers with previous imaging related exposure. This part of the study consisted of HDR comparisons across both a monitor display device and inkjet prints. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, common trends were identified among observer responses. The results show that for inkjet prints are the most preferred for the output of HDR images, specifically when printed on a metallic substrate. Additionally, the content of displayed images can directly impact display preference depending on the viewer\u27s perception and relationship formed with the photographic image. When evaluating HDR images across two media platforms, quality attributes comprising of a strong influence towards preference are sharpness, naturalness, contrast and highlights while artifacts, physical qualities and shadows were found to have barely any influence. Within the attributes related to HDR, relationships between attributes are found to be significant regarding image evaluation, leading to areas of further research

Benchmarking of mobile phone cameras

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ON THE LOGIC, METHOD AND SCIENTIFIC DIVERSITY OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS: AN INQUIRY INTO THE DIAGNOSTIC MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN SKIN

This dissertation explores some of the scientific, technical and cultural history of human skin measurement and diagnostics. Through a significant collection of primary texts and case studies, I track the changing technologies and methods used to measure skin, as well as the scientific and sociotechnical applications. I then map these histories onto some of the diverse understandings of the human body, physics, biology, natural philosophy and language that underpinned the scientific enterprise of skin measurement. The main argument of my thesis demonstrates how these diverse histories of science historically and theoretically inform the succeeding methods and applications for skin measurement from early Greek medicine, to beginnings of Anthropology as scientific discipline, to the emergence of scientific racism, to the age of digital imaging analysis, remote sensing, algorithms, massive databases and biometric technologies; further, these new digital applications go beyond just health diagnostics and are creating new technical categorizations of human skin divorced from the established ethical mechanisms of modern science. Based on this research, I inquire how communication practices within the scientific enterprise address the ethical and historical implications for a growing set of digital biometric applications with industrial, military, sociopolitical and public functions

Avaliação clínica de um sensor digital intra-oral: comparação com filme radiográfico convencional

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em OdontologiaO presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar, através da realização de exames radiográficos periapicais completos, um sensor digital e o filme radiográfico convencional em quatro quesitos: número e tipos de erros observados nas imagens radiográficas obtidas, qualidade geral das imagens, grau de conforto ou desconforto experimentado pelos pacientes durante os exames e o tempo necessário para a realização das aquisições radiográficas com os dois sistemas. Exames radiográficos periapicais completos foram realizados por três radiologistas, em quarenta e cinco pacientes, utilizando-se filme e sensor em quadrantes cruzados, perfazendo um total de 360 radiografias convencionais e 450 digitais. O tempo de realização de cada tomada radiográfica foi cronometrado. Os pacientes foram questionados, durante a realização dos exames, quanto ao grau de conforto ou desconforto experimentado nas diferentes regiões radiografadas. Um painel de 3 radiologistas analisou as imagens quanto ao número e tipos de erros contidos nas imagens e quanto à qualidade geral das mesmas. Um maior número de erros foi observado com o uso do sensor digital quando comparado ao filme (p< 0,0001). A análise por regiões dentais demonstrou haver diferença estatisticamente significativa nas regiões de 2° molar superior, 1° molar superior, incisivos superiores, canino inferior e incisivos inferiores (p< 0,05). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o sensor digital e filme (p< 0,001) no quesito "qualidade geral" das imagens, sendo que um maior número de imagens radiográficas de melhor qualidade foi obtido com o uso do filme. Fazendo-se a individualização das regiões dentais, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na qualidade geral das radiografias nas regiões de 2° molar superior, canino superior, incisivos superiores, 2° molar inferior, canino inferior e incisivos inferiores. (p< 0,05). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o sensor digital e o filme quanto ao grau de conforto ou desconforto com os dois sistemas (p< 0,001), sendo que o sensor digital se mostrou mais desconfortável do que o filme. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas regiões 2° molar superior, canino superior e incisivos superiores, onde o filme se mostrou mais confortável que o sensor (p< 0,05). Em relação ao tempo necessário para a realização das aquisições radiográficas, observou-se que não houve diferença entre as modalidades (0,502). Os resultados permitiram concluir que: a) o uso de filme radiográfico convencional resulta em um menor número de erros quando comparado ao uso de um sensor digital na realização de exames radiográficos periapicais; b) o uso de filme radiográfico convencional resulta em imagens radiográficas de melhor qualidade geral quando comparado às imagens obtidas com o sensor digital na realização de exames radiográficos periapicais; c) o filme radiográfico convencional é menos desconfortável para o paciente que um sensor digital na realização de exames radiográficos periapicais; e d) que o tempo necessário para a realização de aquisições radiográficas periapicais com um sensor digital é semelhante ao requerido pelo filme convencional. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical use of a digital sensor and conventional film, through the realization of full mouth periapical examinations, in four points: number and types of errors observed in the images, quality of the images, degree of patient comfort or discomfort during the examinations and the necessary time for taking the images with the two systems. Complete periapical examinations were obtained of forty-five patients using a digital sensor and film using a crossed split-mouth design, in a total of 360 conventional x-rays and 450 digital images. The operating time to position and expose the receptor was registered. The images were evaluated by a panel of three dental radiologists for the number and types of errors. Each radiograph was also given an overall rating as excellent, good, acceptable or unacceptable. A higher number of errors were observed with the use of the digital sensor when compared with film (p< 0,0001). The digital sensor showed more errors than film in the regions of upper second molar, upper first molar, upper incisors, lower canine and lower incisors (p< 0,05). The film had images with more quality in the regions of upper second molar, upper canine, upper incisors, second lower molar, lower canine and lower incisors (p< 0,05) Patients felt film more comfortable in the regions of upper second molar, upper canine and upper incisors. Operating time was similar between digital sensor and film (p= 0,502). It can be concluded that: a) the use of conventional film results in a lower number of errors and b) the use of conventional film results in radiographic images of better quality when compared with the use of a digital sensor in the accomplishment of periapical examinations; c) film is more comfortable for the patient than a digital sensor in periapical examinations; e d) the necessary time for the accomplishment of periapical images with a digital sensor is similar to that required for film