Information Management and Market Engineering. Vol. II

The research program Information Management and Market Engineering focuses on the analysis and the design of electronic markets. Taking a holistic view of the conceptualization and realization of solutions, the research integrates the disciplines business administration, economics, computer science, and law. Topics of interest range from the implementation, quality assurance, and advancement of electronic markets to their integration into business processes and legal frameworks

Innovations in the Digital Economy: Promotion of R&D and Growth in Open Economies

This paper presents key figures on innovativeness and export dynamics in selected OECD countries and develops some new ideas on optimum R&D policies in open economies. We take a look at some selected indicators of technological and economic competitiveness in the field of RCAs and export unit values with a special focus on the US, France, Italy, Germany and the UK on the one hand and Hungary as an accession country on the other. Specialization patterns differ across countries; as do weighted export unit values. The US has been very successful in the 1990s in several key sectors which have improved both RCAs and export unit values. France has made progress in some high technology fields, Italy also stands for considerable successful structural adjustment. Germany's dynamics has been very strong in the automotive sector and in the field of precision instruments; however, Hungary and the UK also have a positive development in the automotive sector which could signal problems for Germany's exports in the lower segment of the market. As regards welfare effects of R&D support in particular, interesting cases concern technology-intensive intermediate tradables and network effects. We also emphasize the macroeconomic effects of government R&D subsidies for promoting product innovations and process innovations. It would be useful to have an EU (or OECD) tax revenue sharing system which would particularly compensate producers of intermediate innovative tradables. In a more general policy perspective, one may argue that the government should subsidize those technologyintensive fields in which the respective country has a comparative advantage or enjoys sustained increases in (weighted) export unit values. The new Schumpeter-Mundell-Fleming model presented clearly points to the benefits of an expansionary fiscal policy which would stimulate product innovations, with output and employment being higher. By contrast, there is an ambiguous result in the case of stimulating process innovations by way of expansionary supply-oriented (R&D promoting) fiscal policy. Knowledge transfer from universities to the business community would be stimulated by privatization of a considerable share of stateowned universities and the introduction of incentives for professors to create technologyintensive firms on or off campus. Knowledge and skills can be kept in the region only if the overall mix of policies creates positive growth prospects or if the country has specialized in immobile Schumpeter industries.Digital economy, product and process innovation, R&D policies

Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions

Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging infrastructure, economics of public infrastructure provision, policies in Germany and the EU, external effects, stakeholder cooperation, spatial planning on the regional and street level, operation and maintenance, and long term spatial planning

Planning the Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Cities and Regions

Planning the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (EVs) is a new challenging task. This book treats all involved aspects: charging technologies and norms, interactions with the electricity system, electrical installation, demand for charging infrastructure, economics of public infrastructure provision, policies in Germany and the EU, external effects, stakeholder cooperation, spatial planning on the regional and street level, operation and maintenance, and long term spatial planning

Digital piracy

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Thema Digitale Piraterie von Musik und Filmen im Internet aus einer gesamtheitlichen Sicht. Dies umfasst die soziale, technische, rechtliche als auch ökonomische Perspektive, wobei der Fokus auf letztere liegt. Die Gründe für das unrechtmäßige Herunterladen von urheberrechtlich geschützten Inhalten und die Etablierung dieses Verhaltens als ein weltweit verbreitetes Massenphänomen bildet den Schwerpunkt des Kapitels, das die soziale Perspektive dieser Thematik behandelt. Die technische Perspektive liefert nicht nur einen Einblick in DRM Systemen (Systeme zur digitalen Rechteverwaltung) sondern erörtert zudem Systeme, mit deren Hilfe Piraterie überhaupt betrieben wird. Jede Auseinandersetzung mit einer Thematik die über Recht und Unrecht Aussagen trifft benötigt als Rahmen eine Erörterung der hierfür zugrundeliegenden Gesetze. Diese wird im Kapitel "Rechtliche Perspektive" abgehandelt. Im Hauptteil der Arbeit wird zunächst die gegenwärtige Struktur und Vorgehensweise der Musik und Filmindustrie erörtert. Danach wird ein Rahmenkonzept für zukünftige, an die technologischen Fortschritte und Wünsche der modernen Kunden angepasste Geschäftsmodelle geschaffen. Aus diesem Konzept heraus werden insgesamt sieben Geschäftsmodelle präsentiert. Auf die ersten drei Modelle wird hierbei der nähere Fokus gelegt, da sie den gesamten Markt betreffen. Die restlichen vier Modelle sind als Nischenprodukte angedacht, die für einen bestimmten Teil des Marktes interessant sein werden. Abschließend folgen ein Fazit und eine allgemeine Empfehlung an die Musik und Filmindustrie.This master thesis deals with the issue of digital piracy of music and film in the internet from a broad perspective. This includes the social, technical, legal and economic perspective with a focus on the latter. The emphasis of the chapter dealing with social issue lies on the reasons for illegitimate download of copyrighted material and the establishment of this behaviour as a worldwide phenomenon. The technical perspective not only delivers an insight into DRM (digital rights management) systems, but also looks into systems which are used to pirate in the first place. When dealing with a topic about rightful and unlawful behaviour then it is inevitable to look into laws and policies regulating these issues. This will be done in the chapter dealing with the legal perspective. The main focus of this work lies with the economic perspective. This chapter will begin with an analysis of the current structure and practise of the music and the film industry. Later on a framework will be created to derive innovative business models more fitting to the technological developments of recent times and the requirements of modern customers. Out of seven business models presented, the first three will be looked up in detail since they are meant to be adapted to the whole market, whereas the other four models suit only certain segments of the market. Finally the thesis finishes with a conclusion and a general recommendation for the music and film industry

Creating shared value:An operations and supply chain management perspective

Focusing solely on short-term profits has caused social, environmental, and economic problems. Creating shared value integrates profitability with social and environmental objectives, offering a holistic solution. This dissertation examines two areas where this integration is crucial. The first topic explores servicizing business models for a transition to a more circular economy, emphasizing environmental benefits and firm profitability. Initially, we focus on pricing policies, comparing pricing schemes across consumer segments to identify win-win-win strategies that meet all people, planet, and profit objectives. Our research reveals that pay-per-use schemes outperform pay-per-period schemes for cost-inefficient or small-scale providers. A win-win (profit and planet) strategy can be achieved by offering a pay-per-use policy to high usage-valuation consumers, but a win-win-win strategy is unattainable. We then investigate consumer choices in servicizing models by conducting a conjoint experiment on payment scheme, price, minimum contract duration, and entry label attributes. The payment scheme emerges as the most influential attribute, with purchasing and pay-per-use schemes being popular options. The second topic focuses on drug shortages. Specifically, we examine the impact of tendering on shortages. Our findings demonstrate that tendering reduces prices but increases shortages, particularly at the beginning of contracts. However, shortages are less severe when alternative suppliers are available, and the market is less concentrated. To address this issue, we propose allowing multiple winners, regionalizing tenders, increasing the time between tender and contract initiation, and incorporating a reliability measure as a winning criterion to mitigate shortages