Complexity and the Economics of Climate Change: A Survey and a Look Forward

Climate change is one of the most daunting challenges human kind has ever faced. In the paper, we provide a survey of the micro and macro economics of climate change from a complexity science perspective and we discuss the challenges ahead for this line of research. We identify four areas of the literature where complex system models have already produced valuable insights: (i) coalition formation and climate negotiations, (ii) macroeconomic impacts of climate-related events, (iii) energy markets and (iv) diffusion of climatefriendly technologies. On each of these issues, accounting for heterogeneity, interactions and disequilibrium dynamics provides a complementary and novel perspective to the one of standard equilibrium models. Furthermore, it highlights the potential economic benefits of mitigation and adaptation policies and the risk of under-estimating systemic climate change-related risks

The Complexity of Change

Many combinatorial problems can be formulated as "Can I transform configuration 1 into configuration 2, if certain transformations only are allowed?". An example of such a question is: given two k-colourings of a graph, can I transform the first k-colouring into the second one, by recolouring one vertex at a time, and always maintaining a proper k-colouring? Another example is: given two solutions of a SAT-instance, can I transform the first solution into the second one, by changing the truth value one variable at a time, and always maintaining a solution of the SAT-instance? Other examples can be found in many classical puzzles, such as the 15-Puzzle and Rubik's Cube. In this survey we shall give an overview of some older and more recent work on this type of problem. The emphasis will be on the computational complexity of the problems: how hard is it to decide if a certain transformation is possible or not?Comment: 28 pages, 6 figure

The Effect of Complexity and Work Motivation on The Performance of Minor Change-Scale Product Development Projects In Automotive Manufacturing Industry

The increasing market competition in the Indonesian automotive manufacturing industry requires automotive manufacturing companies to adapt to changes through product development activities. Unfortunately, failure in product development projects is still high. One of the possible key factors of a successful product development project is work motivation. Another factor that is suspected to affect is the complexity of the project. Therefore, this study aims to find the effect of work motivation and project complexity on product development project performance. The research was conducted on 94 members of product development project team in Indonesian automotive manufacturing industry with a minor change scale using purposive sampling. Data was collected through online questionnaire with a response rate of 65.7% and then analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results of the study showed that project complexity had a positive effect on work motivation and otherwise on project performance. On the other hand, it turns out that work motivation is not proven to affect the performance of product development projects in the automotive manufacturing industry in Indonesia

Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change

Summary of workshop on Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change. March 26–28, 2008, Cali, ColombiaImpact, CGIAR, Workshop, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

The evolutionary theory of the firm: Routines, complexity and change

This paper provides an overview on the evolutionary theory of the firm. The specific feature of the evolutionary approach is that it explains the adaptive behaviors of firms through the tension between innovation and selection. It is suggested that the evolutionary theory can provide a useful basis for a theory of the firm which is concerned with change over time and development.theory of the firm, complexity, routines, change of routines

Universal Dynamic Complexity as the Basis for Theoretic Ecology and Unified Civilisation Transition to Creative Global Sustainability

The recently proposed new, universally applicable, rigorously derived and reality-based concept of dynamic complexity provides a unified basis for the causally complete understanding of any real, multi-component and multi-level system of interacting entities, including the case of earth system and global civilisation development. This crucial extension with respect to other existing notions of complexity is obtained due the unrestricted, universally nonperturbative analysis of arbitrary interaction process leading to the new, rigorously derived concept of dynamically multivalued (redundant) entanglement of interacting components. Any real system with interaction is described as a sequence of autonomously emerging "levels of complexity", where each level includes unceasing, dynamically random change of multiple system configurations, or "realisations", each of them resulting from dynamic entanglement of interaction components coming, generally, from lower complexity levels. Dynamic complexity as such is universally defined as a growing function of the number of those explicitly obtained system realisations (or related rate of their change). Mathematically rigorous, realistic and universal nature of unreduced dynamic complexity determines its unique role as a basis for theoretical ecology. This conclusion is confirmed by several directions of universal complexity application to global change understanding and monitoring. They include the rigorously substantiated necessity of civilisation transition to the superior level of complexity involving new, intrinsically unified and causally complete kind of knowledge (initiated by the "universal science of complexity"), qualitatively new kind of material production, social structure, and infrastructure. We show why that new level of civilisation development is intrinsically "sustainable", i. e. characterised by creative, complexity-increasing interaction between "production" and "natural resources" that replaces current contradiction between them

AN ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE SHIFTS IN BILINGUAL TRANSLATION OF LEWIS’ THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: THE LION, THE WITCH AND THE WARDROBE AND WIDJAJANTO’S THE CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: SANG SINGA, SANG PENYIHIR, DAN LEMARI

This study is aimed to analyze the structure shifts in grammatical complexity and voice change in Clive Staples Lewis’ series novel of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and its translation in Bahasa Indonesia by Donna Widjajanto The Chronicles of Narnia: Sang Singa, sang Penyihir, dan Lemari. This study happens in bilingual translation which includes English text as the source language and Bahasa Indonesia text as the target language. This research uses qualitative descriptive with quantitative data. The data are used to support the qualitative analysis. In the process of this research, the writer followed the procedures: 1) read the English version as the ST and its Bahasa Indonesia version as the TT, 2) write all sentences which happen structure shifts from the ST and the TT in the data sheet, 3) classify and analyze the data into grammatical complexity and voice change, and 4) classify each grammatical complexity and voice change data of structure shifts into meaning equivalence. The research shows that there are many data which bring about structure shifts in the two versions of the novel. The most frequency of structure shifts are in grammatical complexity change which happens 76 cases from the total number of 103 data. The occurrences of voice change are 16 cases. There are 11 data which bring about grammatical complexity change and voice change all together. Then, the data which are collected are analyzed into meaning equivalence. The meaning equivalence is categorized into equivalent (complete, increased, and decreased) and non- equivalent (different). There are 54 data of complete, 7 data of increased, 27 data of decreased, and 15 data of different meaning. There are some factors which influence this structure shifts: culture, religion and background of knowledge of the translator. These factors affected the qualities of the texts textually and contextually

How the structure of precedence constraints may change the complexity class of scheduling problems

This survey aims at demonstrating that the structure of precedence constraints plays a tremendous role on the complexity of scheduling problems. Indeed many problems can be NP-hard when considering general precedence constraints, while they become polynomially solvable for particular precedence constraints. We also show that there still are many very exciting challenges in this research area

Taking Action on Climate Change

Discusses the complexity of the climate change problem, the policy and legislation needed to create change, and the increasingly important role that philanthropy can play in this area

Theories of Change

A theory of change is a purposeful model of how an initiative— such as a policy, a strategy, a program, or a project—contributes through a chain of early and intermediate outcomes to the intended result. Theories of change help navigate the complexity of social change