Information Centric Networking in the IoT: Experiments with NDN in the Wild

This paper explores the feasibility, advantages, and challenges of an ICN-based approach in the Internet of Things. We report on the first NDN experiments in a life-size IoT deployment, spread over tens of rooms on several floors of a building. Based on the insights gained with these experiments, the paper analyses the shortcomings of CCN applied to IoT. Several interoperable CCN enhancements are then proposed and evaluated. We significantly decreased control traffic (i.e., interest messages) and leverage data path and caching to match IoT requirements in terms of energy and bandwidth constraints. Our optimizations increase content availability in case of IoT nodes with intermittent activity. This paper also provides the first experimental comparison of CCN with the common IoT standards 6LoWPAN/RPL/UDP.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures and tables, ACM ICN-2014 conferenc

Quid Pro Quo: A Mechanism for Fair Collaboration in Networked Systems

Collaboration may be understood as the execution of coordinated tasks (in the most general sense) by groups of users, who cooperate for achieving a common goal. Collaboration is a fundamental assumption and requirement for the correct operation of many communication systems. The main challenge when creating collaborative systems in a decentralized manner is dealing with the fact that users may behave in selfish ways, trying to obtain the benefits of the tasks but without participating in their execution. In this context, Game Theory has been instrumental to model collaborative systems and the task allocation problem, and to design mechanisms for optimal allocation of tasks. In this paper, we revise the classical assumptions and propose a new approach to this problem. First, we establish a system model based on heterogenous nodes (users, players), and propose a basic distributed mechanism so that, when a new task appears, it is assigned to the most suitable node. The classical technique for compensating a node that executes a task is the use of payments (which in most networks are hard or impossible to implement). Instead, we propose a distributed mechanism for the optimal allocation of tasks without payments. We prove this mechanism to be robust event in the presence of independent selfish or rationally limited players. Additionally, our model is based on very weak assumptions, which makes the proposed mechanisms susceptible to be implemented in networked systems (e.g., the Internet).Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, 3 algorithm

Smart Communities: From Sensors to Internet of Things and to a Marketplace of Services

Our paper was inspired by the recent Society 5.0 initiative of the Japanese Government that seeks to create a sustainable human-centric society by putting to work recent advances in technology: sensor networks, edge computing, IoT ecosystems, AI, Big Data, robotics, to name just a few. The main contribution of this work is a vision of how these technological advances can contribute, directly or indirectly, to making Society 5.0 reality. For this purpose we build on a recently-proposed concept of Marketplace of Services that, in our view, will turn out to be one of the cornerstones of Society 5.0. Instead of referring to Society 5.0 directly, throughout the paper we shall define a generic Smart Community that implements a subset of the goals of Society 5.0. We show how digital technology in conjunction with the Marketplace of services can contribute to enabling and promoting sustainable Smart Communities. Very much like Society 5.0, our Smart Community can provide a large number of di verse and evolving human-centric services offered as utilities and sold on a metered basis. The services offered by the Smart Community can be synthesized, using the latest technology (e.g. 3D printing, robotics, Big Data analytics, AI, etc.), from a hierarchy of raw resources or other services. The residents of the Smart Community can purchase as much or as little of these services as they find suitable to their needs and are billed according to a pay-as-you-go business model

Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities

Under present-day practices, the vehicles on our roadways and city streets are mere spectators that witness traffic-related events without being able to participate in the mitigation of their effect. This paper lays the theoretical foundations of a framework for harnessing the on-board computational resources in vehicles stuck in urban congestion in order to assist transportation agencies with preventing or dissipating congestion through large-scale signal re-timing. Our framework is called VACCS: Vehicular Crowdsourcing for Congestion Support in Smart Cities. What makes this framework unique is that we suggest that in such situations the vehicles have the potential to cooperate with various transportation authorities to solve problems that otherwise would either take an inordinate amount of time to solve or cannot be solved for lack for adequate municipal resources. VACCS offers direct benefits to both the driving public and the Smart City. By developing timing plans that respond to current traffic conditions, overall traffic flow will improve, carbon emissions will be reduced, and economic impacts of congestion on citizens and businesses will be lessened. It is expected that drivers will be willing to donate under-utilized on-board computing resources in their vehicles to develop improved signal timing plans in return for the direct benefits of time savings and reduced fuel consumption costs. VACCS allows the Smart City to dynamically respond to traffic conditions while simultaneously reducing investments in the computational resources that would be required for traditional adaptive traffic signal control systems

A Survey of Enabling Technologies for Smart Communities

In 2016, the Japanese Government publicized an initiative and a call to action for the implementation of a Super Smart Society announced as Society 5.0. The stated goal of Society 5.0 is to meet the various needs of the members of society through the provisioning of goods and services to those who require them, when they are required and in the amount required, thus enabling the citizens to live an active and comfortable life. In spite of its genuine appeal, details of a feasible path to Society 5.0 are conspicuously missing. The first main goal of this survey is to suggest such an implementation path. Specifically, we define a Smart Community as a human-centric entity where technology is used to equip the citizenry with information and services that they can use to inform their decisions. The arbiter of this ecosystem of services is a Marketplace of Services that will reward services aligned with the wants and needs of the citizens, while discouraging the proliferation of those that are not. In the limit, the Smart Community we defined will morph into Society 5.0. At that point, the Marketplace of Services will become a platform for the co-creation of services by a close cooperation between the citizens and their government. The second objective and contribution of this survey paper is to review known technologies that, in our opinion, will play a significant role in the transition to Society 5.0. These technologies will be surveyed in chronological order, as newer technologies often extend old technologies while avoiding their limitations

ULTRACOM: Computación de alto rendimiento para criptoanálisis

Los procesos relacionados con la matemática criptográfica se caracterizan por la alta necesidad de cómputo. El objetivo de ULTRACOM es desarrollar una facilidad de computación distribuida multipropósito que permita, como primera aplicación real, el análisis, la validación y la ejecución de pruebas de estrés sobre sistemas criptográficos. El presente trabajo de investigación detalla el proceso de desarrollo de ULTRACOM y muestra un caso de estudio de su implementación en su versión Beta. Para ello, toma como entrada dos versiones del algoritmo Trivium. Utilizando la misma infraestructura, y sin desarrollo extra, se prueban grandes volúmenes de claves y vectores de inicialización de los algoritmos en busca de secuencias débiles, de menor longitud de la buscada. Como resultado, se demuestra la capacidad ULTRACOM para poder operar sobre distintos algoritmos sin modificar la plataforma, asegurando la viabilidad técnica para evoluciones futuras.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

ULTRACOM: Computación de alto rendimiento para criptoanálisis

Los procesos relacionados con la matemática criptográfica se caracterizan por la alta necesidad de cómputo. El objetivo de ULTRACOM es desarrollar una facilidad de computación distribuida multipropósito que permita, como primera aplicación real, el análisis, la validación y la ejecución de pruebas de estrés sobre sistemas criptográficos. El presente trabajo de investigación detalla el proceso de desarrollo de ULTRACOM y muestra un caso de estudio de su implementación en su versión Beta. Para ello, toma como entrada dos versiones del algoritmo Trivium. Utilizando la misma infraestructura, y sin desarrollo extra, se prueban grandes volúmenes de claves y vectores de inicialización de los algoritmos en busca de secuencias débiles, de menor longitud de la buscada. Como resultado, se demuestra la capacidad ULTRACOM para poder operar sobre distintos algoritmos sin modificar la plataforma, asegurando la viabilidad técnica para evoluciones futuras.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

ULTRACOM: Computación de alto rendimiento para criptoanálisis

Los procesos relacionados con la matemática criptográfica se caracterizan por la alta necesidad de cómputo. El objetivo de ULTRACOM es desarrollar una facilidad de computación distribuida multipropósito que permita, como primera aplicación real, el análisis, la validación y la ejecución de pruebas de estrés sobre sistemas criptográficos. El presente trabajo de investigación detalla el proceso de desarrollo de ULTRACOM y muestra un caso de estudio de su implementación en su versión Beta. Para ello, toma como entrada dos versiones del algoritmo Trivium. Utilizando la misma infraestructura, y sin desarrollo extra, se prueban grandes volúmenes de claves y vectores de inicialización de los algoritmos en busca de secuencias débiles, de menor longitud de la buscada. Como resultado, se demuestra la capacidad ULTRACOM para poder operar sobre distintos algoritmos sin modificar la plataforma, asegurando la viabilidad técnica para evoluciones futuras.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

Artificial Collective Intelligence Engineering: a Survey of Concepts and Perspectives

Collectiveness is an important property of many systems--both natural and artificial. By exploiting a large number of individuals, it is often possible to produce effects that go far beyond the capabilities of the smartest individuals, or even to produce intelligent collective behaviour out of not-so-intelligent individuals. Indeed, collective intelligence, namely the capability of a group to act collectively in a seemingly intelligent way, is increasingly often a design goal of engineered computational systems--motivated by recent techno-scientific trends like the Internet of Things, swarm robotics, and crowd computing, just to name a few. For several years, the collective intelligence observed in natural and artificial systems has served as a source of inspiration for engineering ideas, models, and mechanisms. Today, artificial and computational collective intelligence are recognised research topics, spanning various techniques, kinds of target systems, and application domains. However, there is still a lot of fragmentation in the research panorama of the topic within computer science, and the verticality of most communities and contributions makes it difficult to extract the core underlying ideas and frames of reference. The challenge is to identify, place in a common structure, and ultimately connect the different areas and methods addressing intelligent collectives. To address this gap, this paper considers a set of broad scoping questions providing a map of collective intelligence research, mostly by the point of view of computer scientists and engineers. Accordingly, it covers preliminary notions, fundamental concepts, and the main research perspectives, identifying opportunities and challenges for researchers on artificial and computational collective intelligence engineering.Comment: This is the author's final version of the article, accepted for publication in the Artificial Life journal. Data: 34 pages, 2 figure

Research allocation in mobile volunteer computing system: Taxonomy, challenges and future work

The rise of mobile devices and the Internet of Things has generated vast data which require efficient processing methods. Volunteer Computing (VC) is a distributed network that utilises idle resources from diverse devices for task completion. VC offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for computation resources. Mobile Volunteer Computing (MVC) capitalises on the abundance of mobile devices as participants. However, managing a large number of participants in the network presents a challenge in scheduling resources. Various resource allocation algorithms and MVC platforms have been developed, but there is a lack of survey papers summarising these systems and algorithms. This paper aims to bridge the gap by delivering a comprehensive survey of MVC, including related technologies, MVC architecture, and major finding in taxonomy of resource allocation in MVC