General-elimination stability

General-elimination harmony articulates Gentzen's idea that the elimination-rules are justified if they infer from an assertion no more than can already be inferred from the grounds for making it. Dummett described the rules as not only harmonious but stable if the E-rules allow one to infer no more and no less than the I-rules justify. Pfenning and Davies call the rules locally complete if the E-rules are strong enough to allow one to infer the original judgement. A method is given of generating harmonious general-elimination rules from a collection of I-rules. We show that the general-elimination rules satisfy Pfenning and Davies' test for local completeness, but question whether that is enough to show that they are stable. Alternative conditions for stability are considered, including equivalence between the introduction- and elimination-meanings of a connective, and recovery of the grounds for assertion, finally generalizing the notion of local completeness to capture Dummett's notion of stability satisfactorily. We show that the general-elimination rules meet the last of these conditions, and so are indeed not only harmonious but also stable.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The verification of correspondence between the media and the public agenda

This thesis deals with the subject of correspondence between the media and the public agenda. It is based on previous studies , where the relationship between the media and the public agenda confirmed sociologist McCombs (Dearing a Rogers 1996: 6). On the sources it is trying to establish a linkage on the specific topic of the church restitutions , which discusses in particular the development and opinions both in the media and in the public agenda. In contrast to previous pieces I try to penetrate deeper into the linkage between media and public agenda and investigate their mutual correspondence. For analyzing the media agenda, the author uses the method of content analysis of newspaper articles in selected printed media. Then the result is compared to a secondary analysis of survey data Naše společnost, that realized the Center for Public Opinion Research, which represents the public agenda in this case. The main results of the analysis is verified that the media and the public agenda influenced each toher in the particular case, the issue of restitution of churches . First, it is managed to identify similarities between the frequency of occurrences of each media reports and public interest in the topic. It is also discovered a connection between opinions on the topic in the media and public...Diplomová práce se věnuje tématu korespondence mezi mediální a veřejnou agendou. Vychází z dřívějších výzkumů, kde vztah mezi mediální a veřejnou agendou jako první zanalyzoval sociolog McCombs (Dearing a Rogers 1996: 6). Na základě pramenů se zaměřuje na prokázání souvislosti na konkrétním případu církevních restitucí, kde se probírá zejména jejich vývoj a názory jak v mediální, tak ve veřejné agendě. Oproti předchozí teorii se práce snaží hlouběji proniknout do souvislostí mezi mediální a veřejnou agendou a zkoumat jejich vzájemnou korespondenci. Pro zanalyzování mediální agendy autorka používá metodu obsahové analýzy novinových článků ve vybraných tištěných médiích. Výsledek pak porovnává se sekundární analýzou dat průzkumu Naše společnost realizovaným Centrem pro výzkum veřejného mínění, který v tomto případě zastupuje veřejnou agendu. Hlavním výsledkem šetření je pak ověření, že mezi mediální a veřejnou agendou k vzájemnému ovlivňování dochází i v konkrétním případě problematiky církevních restitucí. Jednak se daří identifikovat podobnost mezi četností výskytů jednotlivých mediálních zpráv a zájmu veřejnosti o dané téma. Dále se také objevuje spojitost mezi názory na téma v mediální i veřejné agendě. Ukazuje se, že negativní názor na proces schvalování zákona o majetkovém vyrovnání s církvemi...Department of SociologyKatedra sociologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Untersuchungen zur regellogischen Deutung von Aussagenverknüpfungen (Dissertation Universität Bonn 1981)

As certain aspects of my doctoral dissertation of 1981 are still being discussed, I re- publish it here as an online resource in its original German form. It introduces the notion of rules of higher levels in order to give a general schema for the characterization of logical connectives in terms of rules. It also makes a proposal for a treatment of negation on the basis of a denial operator. It thus deals with core issues of proof-theoretic semantics. The German dissertation is accompanied by an English manuscript "Sentential Calculi with Rules of Arbitrary Levels" which gives a summary of central ideas and results of Chapters 1 and 2 of the dissertation

Advances in Proof-Theoretic Semantics

Logic; Mathematical Logic and Foundations; Mathematical Logic and Formal Language

Dialogues as a Dynamic Framework for Logic

Dialogical logic is a game-theoretical approach to logic. Logic is studied with the help of certain games, which can be thought of as idealized argumentations. Two players, the Proponent, who puts forward the initial thesis and tries to defend it, and the Opponent, who tries to attack the Proponent’s thesis, alternately utter argumentative moves according to certain rules. For a long time the dialogical approach had been worked out only for classical and intuitionistic logic. The seven papers of this dissertation show that this narrowness was uncalled for. The initial paper presents an overview and serves as an introduction to the other papers. Those papers are related by one central theme. As each of them presents dialogical formulations of a different non-classical logic, they show that dialogical logic constitutes a powerful and flexible general framework for the development and study of various logical formalisms and combinations thereof. As such it is especially attractive to logical pluralists that reject the idea of “the single correct logic”. The collection contains treatments of free logic, modal logic, relevance logic, connexive logic, linear logic, and multi-valued logic.LEI Universiteit LeidenPhilosoph

The Liar Paradox: A Consistent and Semantically Closed Solution

This thesis develops a new approach to the formal de nition of a truth predicate that allows a consistent, semantically closed defiition within classical logic. The approach is built on an analysis of structural properties of languages that make Liar Sentences and the paradoxical argument possible. By focusing on these conditions, standard formal dfinitions of semantics are shown to impose systematic limitations on the definition of formal truth predicates. The alternative approach to the formal definition of truth is developed by analysing our intuitive procedure for evaluating the truth value of sentences like "P is true". It is observed that the standard procedure breaks down in the case of the Liar Paradox as a side effect of the patterns of naming or reference necessary to the definition of Truth as a predicate. This means there are two ways in which a sentence like "P is true" can be not true, which requires that the T-Schema be modified for such sentences. By modifying the T-Schema, and taking seriously the effects of the patterns of naming/ reference on truth values, the new approach to the definition of truth is developed. Formal truth definitions within classical logic are constructed that provide an explicit and adequate truth definition for their own language, every sentence within the languages has a truth value, and there is no Strengthened Liar Paradox. This approach to solving the Liar Paradox can be easily applied to a very wide range of languages, including natural languages