16,557 research outputs found
Arthroscopy or ultrasound in undergraduate anatomy education: a randomized cross-over controlled trial
Background: The exponential growth of image-based diagnostic and minimally invasive interventions requires a detailed three-dimensional anatomical knowledge and increases the demand towards the undergraduate anatomical curriculum. This randomized controlled trial investigates whether musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) or arthroscopic methods can increase the anatomical knowledge uptake.
Methods: Second-year medical students were randomly allocated to three groups. In addition to the compulsory dissection course, the ultrasound group (MSUS) was taught by eight, didactically and professionally trained, experienced student-teachers and the arthroscopy group (ASK) was taught by eight experienced physicians. The control group (CON) acquired the anatomical knowledge only via the dissection course. Exposure (MSUS and ASK) took place in two separate lessons (75 minutes each, shoulder and knee joint) and introduced standard scan planes using a 10-MHz ultrasound system as well as arthroscopy tutorials at a simulator combined with video tutorials. The theoretical anatomic learning outcomes were tested using a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ), and after cross-over an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Differences in student's perceptions were evaluated using Likert scale-based items.
Results: The ASK-group (n = 70, age 23.4 (20--36) yrs.) performed moderately better in the anatomical MC exam in comparison to the MSUS-group (n = 84, age 24.2 (20--53) yrs.) and the CON-group (n = 88, 22.8 (20--33) yrs.; p = 0.019). After an additional arthroscopy teaching 1 % of students failed the MC exam, in contrast to 10 % in the MSUS- or CON-group, respectively. The benefit of the ASK module was limited to the shoulder area (p < 0.001). The final examination (OSCE) showed no significant differences between any of the groups with good overall performances. In the evaluation, the students certified the arthroscopic tutorial a greater advantage concerning anatomical skills with higher spatial imagination in comparison to the ultrasound tutorial (p = 0.002; p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The additional implementation of arthroscopy tutorials to the dissection course during the undergraduate anatomy training is profitable and attractive to students with respect to complex joint anatomy. Simultaneous teaching of basic-skills in musculoskeletal ultrasound should be performed by medical experts, but seems to be inferior to the arthroscopic 2D-3D-transformation, and is regarded by students as more difficult to learn. Although arthroscopy and ultrasound teaching do not have a major effect on learning joint anatomy, they have the potency to raise the interest in surgery
Teaching Security Defense Through Web-Based Hacking at the Undergraduate Level
The attack surface for hackers and attackers is growing every day. Future cybersecurity professionals must have the knowledge and the skills to defend against these cyber attacks. Learning defensive techniques and tools can help defend against todayâs attacks but what about tomorrow\u27s? As the types of attacks change so must the cybersecurity professional. The only way for the cybersecurity professional to achieve this nimbleness is to understand the structural anatomy of the various attack types. Understanding the threat environment is the key to future success. Security defense through offensive techniques should and can be taught at the undergraduate level. Using the OWASP Mutillidae project [5], students can have a self-contained, sandbox environment for dissecting and discussing cyber attacks
FastJet user manual
FastJet is a C++ package that provides a broad range of jet finding and
analysis tools. It includes efficient native implementations of all widely used
2-to-1 sequential recombination jet algorithms for pp and e+e- collisions, as
well as access to 3rd party jet algorithms through a plugin mechanism,
including all currently used cone algorithms. FastJet also provides means to
facilitate the manipulation of jet substructure, including some common boosted
heavy-object taggers, as well as tools for estimation of pileup and
underlying-event noise levels, determination of jet areas and subtraction or
suppression of noise in jets.Comment: 69 pages. FastJet 3 is available from http://fastjet.fr
RVB superconductors with fermionic projected entangled pair states
We construct a family of simple fermionic projected entangled pair states
(fPEPS) on the square lattice with bond dimension which are exactly
hole-doped resonating valence bond (RVB) wavefunctions with short-range singlet
bonds. Under doping the insulating RVB spin liquid evolves immediately into a
superconductor with mixed pairing symmetry whose pair amplitude grows as
the square-root of the doping. The relative weight between -wave and
-wave components can be controlled by a single variational parameter . We
optimize our ansatz w.r.t. for the frustrated model (including
both nearest and next-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions and
, respectively) for and obtain an energy very close to
the infinite-PEPS state (using full update optimization and same bond
dimension). The orbital symmetry of the optimized RVB superconductor has
predominant d-wave character, although we argue a residual (complex s-wave)
time reversal symmetry breaking component should always be present. Connections
of the results to the physics of superconducting cuprates and pnictides are
outlined.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures and Supplemental Material (3 pages, 2 figures).
Updated version including new iPEPS results using full update optimization
scheme, showing excellent agreement with RVB wave functio
Recent Progress in the Golem Project
We report on the current status of the Golem project which aims at the
construction of a general one-loop evaluator for matrix elements. We construct
the one-loop matrix elements from Feynman diagrams in a highly automated way
and provide a library for the reduction and numerically stable evaluation of
the tensor integrals involved in this approach. Furthermore, we present
applications to physics processes relevant for the LHC.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, contrib. to proceedings of "Loops and Legs in
Quantum Field Theory", 10th DESY Workshop on Elementary Particle Theory,
25-30 April 2010, Woerlitz, German
Edge theories in Projected Entangled Pair State models
We study the edge physics of gapped quantum systems in the framework of
Projected Entangled Pair State (PEPS) models. We show that the effective
low-energy model for any region acts on the entanglement degrees of freedom at
the boundary, corresponding to physical excitations located at the edge. This
allows us to determine the edge Hamiltonian in the vicinity of PEPS models, and
we demonstrate that by choosing the appropriate bulk perturbation, the edge
Hamiltonian can exhibit a rich phase diagram and phase transitions. While for
models in the trivial phase any Hamiltonian can be realized at the edge, we
show that for topological models, the edge Hamiltonian is constrained by the
topological order in the bulk which can e.g. protect a ferromagnetic Ising
chain at the edge against spontaneous symmetry breaking.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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