State Control of Interstate Air Pollution

Global warming is an unequivocal fact proved by the persistent rise of the average temperature of the earth. IPCC reported that scientists were more than 90 % certain that most of the global warming was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG) produced by human activities. One alternative to combat the GHG is to explore technologies for utilizing CO2 already generated by current energy systems and develop methods to convert CO2 into useful combustible gases. Two-step conversion of CO2 with catalysts is one of the most promising methods. Ceria (CeO2) is chosen as the main catalyst for this conversion in the thesis. It releases O2 when it is reduced in a heating process, and then absorbs O2 from CO2 to produce CO when it is re-oxidized in a cooling process. To make the conversion economic, solar power is employed to drive the conversion system. In this thesis, a flexible system with fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) is introduced. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to examine the performance of ceria during its reduction and oxidation. Subsequently, the exergy analysis was used to evaluate the system’s capability on exporting work. The theoretical fuel to chemical efficiency varied from 4.85 % to 43.2 % for CO2 conversions. To investigate the operation mechanism of the system, a mathematical model was built up for the dynamic simulation of the system. Variables such as temperatures and efficiencies were calculated and recorded for different cases. The optimum working condition was found out to be at 1300 ⁰C for the commercial type of ceria. Finally, an experimental system was set up. The hydrodynamics and heat transfer in the fluidized bed reactor were studied. A CFD model was built up and validated with the experimental trials around 120 ⁰C. The model was then used as a reliable tool for the optimization of the reactor. The entire work in the thesis follows the procedure of developing an engineering system. It forms a solid basis for further improvements of the system to recycle CO2.QC 20141006</p

Spartan Daily, May 14, 1968

Volume 55, Issue 124https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/spartandaily/5123/thumbnail.jp

Silencers: A Threat to Public Safety

A push by the firearms industry and gun lobby to make it far easier for private citizens to buy and possess firearm silencers will only place the police and public at increased risk warns a new and expanded edition of the Violence Policy Center's (VPC) study Silencers: A Threat to Public Safety. In detailing this marketing push, the study also documents examples of lethal attacks and criminal activity involving silencers

Flaming Misogyny or Blindly Zealous Enforcement? The Bizarre Case of R v George

This article examines the distinction between judicial reasoning flawed by errors on questions of law, properly addressed on appeal, and errors that constitute judicial misconduct and are grounds for removal from the bench. Examples analysed are from the transcripts and reasons for decision in R v George SKQB (2015), appealed to the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal (2016) and the Supreme Court of Canada (2017), and from the sentencing decision rendered by the same judge more than a decade earlier in R v Edmondson SKQB (2003). Both were sexual assault cases. In George a thirty-five year old woman with five children was tried and ultimately acquitted of sexual assault and sexual interference after she was assaulted in her home by a fourteen year old male. Striking similarities between the reasoning and language in the trial decision in George and the sentencing decision in Edmondson demonstrate entrenched antipathy for sexual assault law and the fundamental principles of justice, equality, and impartiality. This is arguably judicial misconduct, persisting despite access in the interim to many years of judicial education programming, not merely legal error. The problem does not lie with the judge alone, however. A toxic mix of misogyny and blindly zealous enforcement of the law appears to have undermined the administration of justice in George from the outset at all levels. The problems are systemic. Were this not the case, it is likely that Barbara George would not have been charged

Young people today: news media, policy and youth justice

The new sociology of childhood sees children as competent social agents with important contributions to make. And yet the phase of childhood is fraught with tensions and contradictions. Public policies are required, not only to protect children, but also to control them and regulate their behaviour. For children and young people in the UK, youth justice has become increasingly punitive. At the same time, social policies have focused more on children's inclusion and participation. In this interplay of conflict and contradictions, the role the media play is critical in contributing to the moral panic about childhood and youth. In this article, we consider media representations of “antisocial” children and young people and how this belies a moral response to the nature of contemporary childhood. We conclude by considering how a rights-based approach might help redress the moralised politics of childhood representations in the media

TOWARDS A COMPASSIONATE AND COST-EFFECTIVE DRUG POLICY: A FORUM ON THE IMPACT OF DRUG POLICY ON THE JUSTICE SYSTEM AND HUMAN RIGHTS

This is a transcript from the the first of three panels on drug policy and the impact of drug policy on the justice system and human rights. Don Johnson of the New York Society for Ethical Culture and Tom Haines the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Partnership for Responsible Drug Information introduced the moderator Kathy Rocklen. Judge Sweet of the Southern District of New York is joined by experts on drug policy from the medical and academic worlds, private foundations and other interested organizations, who will give their views on the impact of drug policy on the justice system and on human rights. Judge Sweet believes the current policy of criminalizing the use and the commerce of particular mind-altering substances has failed of its purposes, has weakened the justice system, and impinged upon human rights. Judge Sweet believes that criminal sanctions should be removed and our society should be educated about the use of drugs, all drugs, and that to the extent that drugs create a problem for the society, that problem be considered an issue of public health. Judge Sweet’s remarks are followed by a question and answer period in which panelists and the audience will participate, as well. The panelists are Ernest Drucker, Professor of Epidemiology and Social Medicine at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Robert Gangi, executive director of the Correctional Association of New York; Julie Stewart, who is the founder and president of Families Against Mandatory Minimum; Richard Stratton, the editor-in-chief of “Prison Life” magazine; and Carol J. Weiss, addiction psychiatrist and Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health at Cornell Medical Center

Accounting for Violence: How to Increase Safety and Break Our Failed Reliance on Mass Incarceration

In the United States, violence and mass incarceration are deeply entwined, though evidence shows that both can decrease at the same time. A new vision is needed to meaningfully address violence and reduce the use of incarceration—and to promote healing among crime survivors and improve public safety. This report describes four principles to guide policies and practices that aim to reduce violence: They should be survivor-centered, based on accountability, safety-driven, and racially equitable