21,829 research outputs found
Medial adjunct PPs in English: implications for the syntax of sentential negation
This paper provides evidence that medial adjunct PPs in English are possible. On the basis of corpus data, it is shown that sentence-medial adjunct PPs are not unacceptable and are attested. Our corpus data also reveal a sharp asymmetry between negative and non-negative adjunct PPs. The analysis of the corpus revealed the following pattern: Non-negative adjunct PPs such as at that time resist medial position and instead tend to be postverbal; negative adjunct PPs such as at no time appear medially rather than postverbally. In the second part of the paper, we broaden the empirical domain and include negative complement PPs in the discussion. It is shown that when it comes to the licensing of question tags, English negative complement PPs, which are postverbal, pattern differently from postverbal negative adjunct PPs. That is, sentences with a postverbal negative adjunct PP pattern with negative sentences in taking a positive question tag, while sentences containing a postverbal negative argument PP pattern with affirmative sentences in taking a negative tag. To account for the observed adjunct-argument asymmetry in the licensing of question tags, we propose that clauses are typed for polarity and we explore the hypothesis that a polarity head in the left periphery of the clause is crucially involved in the licensing of sentential negation
Truth and Theories of Truth
The concept of truth and competing philosophical theories on what truth amounts to have an important place in contemporary philosophy. The aim of this chapter is to give a synopsis of different theories of truth and the particular philosophical issues related to the concept of truth. The literature on this topic is vast, and we must necessarily be rather selective and very brief about complex questions of interpretation of various philosophers. The focus of the chapter is mainly on selected systematic issues and the most influential and well-established philosophical theories and key concepts
Intonation and discourse : biased questions
This paper surveys a range of constructions in which prosody affects discourse function and discourse structure.We discuss English tag questions, negative polar questions, and what we call “focus” questions. We postulate that these question types are complex speech acts and outline an analysis in Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) to account for the interactions between prosody and discourse
Predicativity, the Russell-Myhill Paradox, and Church's Intensional Logic
This paper sets out a predicative response to the Russell-Myhill paradox of
propositions within the framework of Church's intensional logic. A predicative
response places restrictions on the full comprehension schema, which asserts
that every formula determines a higher-order entity. In addition to motivating
the restriction on the comprehension schema from intuitions about the stability
of reference, this paper contains a consistency proof for the predicative
response to the Russell-Myhill paradox. The models used to establish this
consistency also model other axioms of Church's intensional logic that have
been criticized by Parsons and Klement: this, it turns out, is due to resources
which also permit an interpretation of a fragment of Gallin's intensional
logic. Finally, the relation between the predicative response to the
Russell-Myhill paradox of propositions and the Russell paradox of sets is
discussed, and it is shown that the predicative conception of set induced by
this predicative intensional logic allows one to respond to the Wehmeier
problem of many non-extensions.Comment: Forthcoming in The Journal of Philosophical Logi
Leverage Financial News to Predict Stock Price Movements Using Word Embeddings and Deep Neural Networks
Financial news contains useful information on public companies and the
market. In this paper we apply the popular word embedding methods and deep
neural networks to leverage financial news to predict stock price movements in
the market. Experimental results have shown that our proposed methods are
simple but very effective, which can significantly improve the stock prediction
accuracy on a standard financial database over the baseline system using only
the historical price information.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, technical repor
Large-scale event extraction from literature with multi-level gene normalization
Text mining for the life sciences aims to aid database curation, knowledge summarization and information retrieval through the automated processing of biomedical texts. To provide comprehensive coverage and enable full integration with existing biomolecular database records, it is crucial that text mining tools scale up to millions of articles and that their analyses can be unambiguously linked to information recorded in resources such as UniProt, KEGG, BioGRID and NCBI databases. In this study, we investigate how fully automated text mining of complex biomolecular events can be augmented with a normalization strategy that identifies biological concepts in text, mapping them to identifiers at varying levels of granularity, ranging from canonicalized symbols to unique gene and proteins and broad gene families. To this end, we have combined two state-of-the-art text mining components, previously evaluated on two community-wide challenges, and have extended and improved upon these methods by exploiting their complementary nature. Using these systems, we perform normalization and event extraction to create a large-scale resource that is publicly available, unique in semantic scope, and covers all 21.9 million PubMed abstracts and 460 thousand PubMed Central open access full-text articles. This dataset contains 40 million biomolecular events involving 76 million gene/protein mentions, linked to 122 thousand distinct genes from 5032 species across the full taxonomic tree. Detailed evaluations and analyses reveal promising results for application of this data in database and pathway curation efforts. The main software components used in this study are released under an open-source license. Further, the resulting dataset is freely accessible through a novel API, providing programmatic and customized access (http://www.evexdb.org/api/v001/). Finally, to allow for large-scale bioinformatic analyses, the entire resource is available for bulk download from http://evexdb.org/download/, under the Creative Commons -Attribution - Share Alike (CC BY-SA) license
Exclamative clauses at the syntax-semantics interface
Exclamative clauses exhibit a structural diversity which raises the question of whether they form a clause type in the sense of Sadock & Zwicky (1985). Based on data from English, Italian, and Paduan, we argue that the class of exclamatives is syntactically characterizable in terms of a pair of abstract syntactic properties. Moreover, we propose that these properties encode two components of meaning which uniquely define the semantics and pragmatics of exclarnatives. Overall, our paper is a contribution to the study of the syntaxlsemantics interface and offers a new perspective on the notion of clause type
A continuation semantics of interrogatives that accounts for Baker's ambiguity
Wh-phrases in English can appear both raised and in-situ. However, only
in-situ wh-phrases can take semantic scope beyond the immediately enclosing
clause. I present a denotational semantics of interrogatives that naturally
accounts for these two properties. It neither invokes movement or economy, nor
posits lexical ambiguity between raised and in-situ occurrences of the same
wh-phrase. My analysis is based on the concept of continuations. It uses a
novel type system for higher-order continuations to handle wide-scope
wh-phrases while remaining strictly compositional. This treatment sheds light
on the combinatorics of interrogatives as well as other kinds of so-called
A'-movement.Comment: 20 pages; typo fixe
- …