Effect of Advertising Exposure, Sales Promotion and Packaging Towards Purchase Request of Kinder Joy to Childrens

Marketing activities are so exist nowaday for company profit of marketers. One of them is for brand of snacks children. The marketers are trying so hard to attract children's attention. Moreover, children are easy targets to affected because their thought process and the logic still in the developing stages. So, all kind of marketing activities maximized its use by the marketer. Some of them such as advertising impressions on television, the addition of sales promotion or packaging on snacks. The impact arising from the strategy of marketing activities is the level of consumption of children at these snacks are high. Whereas most of that snacks are not good for their health. This study aims to determine the influence of television advertising (X1), sales promotion (X2) and packaging (X3) against the purchase request Kinder Joy to Children (Y). This study uses the theory Overall Model Of Consumer Behavior with supporting concepts from Shimp about ads and sales promotion and also from Peter and Olson about consumer behavior. Subjects were 50 students from SD N 2 Banyumanik Semarang, and non-probability sampling is obtained in the form of purposive sampling. Methods of data collection using questionnaires with data analysis statistical test multiple linear regeresi. The first hypothesis test, demonstrate the significant value of TV advertising exposure to purchase request 0,018 ( 0.05) so it can be interpreted that the variable is not significant. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that TV advertising and sales promotion affect the purchase request of Kinder Joy. These findings support the theory Overall Model Of Consumer Behavior. That is, the higher exposure to TV advertising and sales promotion, make higher demand for the purchase of Kinder Joy to children. But not for packaging because the findings were not significant and this finding is supported by the concept of Peter and Olson regarding consumer behavior

A standardised sampling protocol for robust assessment of reach-scale fish community diversity in wadeable New Zealand streams

The New Zealand fish fauna contains species that are affected not only by river system connectivity, but also by catchment and local-scale changes in landcover, water quality and habitat quality. Consequently, native fish have potential as multi-scale bioindicators of human pressure on stream ecosystems, yet no standardised, repeatable and scientifically defensible methods currently exist for effectively quantifying their abundance or diversity in New Zealand stream reaches. Here we report on the testing of a back-pack electrofishing method, modified from that used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, on a wide variety of wadeable stream reaches throughout New Zealand. Seventy-three first- to third-order stream reaches were fished with a single pass over 150-345 m length. Time taken to sample a reach using single-pass electrofishing ranged from 1-8 h. Species accumulation curves indicated that, irrespective of location, continuous sampling of 150 stream metres is required to accurately describe reach-scale fish species richness using this approach. Additional species detection beyond 150 m was rare (<10%) with a single additional species detected at only two out of the 17 reaches sampled beyond this distance. A positive relationship was also evident between species detection and area fished, although stream length rather than area appeared to be the better predictor. The method tested provides a standardised and repeatable approach for regional and/or national reporting on the state of New Zealand's freshwater fish communities and trends in richness and abundance over time

Determination of Formant Features in Czech and Slovak for GMM Emotional Speech Classifier

The paper is aimed at determination of formant features (FF) which describe vocal tract characteristics. It comprises analysis of the first three formant positions together with their bandwidths and the formant tilts. Subsequently, the statistical evaluation and comparison of the FF was performed. This experiment was realized with the speech material in the form of sentences of male and female speakers expressing four emotional states (joy, sadness, anger, and a neutral state) in Czech and Slovak languages. The statistical distribution of the analyzed formant frequencies and formant tilts shows good differentiation between neutral and emotional styles for both voices. Contrary to it, the values of the formant 3-dB bandwidths have no correlation with the type of the speaking style or the type of the voice. These spectral parameters together with the values of the other speech characteristics were used in the feature vector for Gaussian mixture models (GMM) emotional speech style classifier that is currently developed. The overall mean classification error rate achieves about 18 %, and the best obtained error rate is 5 % for the sadness style of the female voice. These values are acceptable in this first stage of development of the GMM classifier that should be used for evaluation of the synthetic speech quality after applied voice conversion and emotional speech style transformation

Partners with God: A Celebration of Human Sexuality

Reviewed Book: Thomas, David. Partners with God: A Celebration of Human Sexuality. Winfield, BC: Wood Lake Books, 1988