The Internet in India and China

This article compares the diffusion of the Internet in China and India. Using a six–dimension framework for characterizing the state of the Internet in a nation, we observe that, while both nations have made significant progress since our last comparison (in 1999), China enjoys a substantial lead over India. We also examine determinants of Internet diffusion. We find that the Chinese Internet has benefited from economic and trade reform begun in the late 1980s, a strong government commitment to the Internet, complementary human and capital resources, etc. The two nations have very different governments and policies, leading to differing approaches to the introduction of telecommunication competition and infrastructure development. China has pursued a strategy of competition among government–owned organizations while India has set policy via recommendations of publicly visible task forces. It remains to be seen whether India’s relatively transparent and market driven approach to Internet policy (and access) will prove effective in the long run. India and China have approximately 40 percent of the world population, and most of their inhabitants live in rural villages that lack basic telephone service. If the Internet is to succeed in raising the level of human development and curtailing migration to teeming urban centers, it must succeed in India and China. What we learn there may enable us to provide communication and information to the world\u27s 1.5 million unconnected villages

Fostering Freedom Online: The Role of Internet Intermediaries

“Fostering Freedom Online: the Role of Internet Intermediaries” is the title of a new title in the UNESCO Internet freedom series. With the rise of Internet intermediaries that play a mediating role on the internet between authors of content and audiences, UNESCO took a joint initiative, with the Open Society Foundations, the Internet Society, and Center for Global Communication Studies at the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg School for Communication, to examine this recent historical phenomenon and how it impacts on freedom of expression and associated fundamental rights such as privacy. The case study research, collaboratively delivered by 16 international researchers led by Ms Rebecca MacKinnon and Mr Allon Bar, as well as 14 members of International Advisory Committee, covers of three categories of intermediaries: Internet Service Providers (fixed line and mobile) such as Vodafone (UK, Germany, Egypt), Vivo/Telefônica Brasil (Brazil), Bharti Airtel (India, Kenya), Safaricom (Kenya), Search Engines such as Google (USA, EU, India, China, Russia), Baidu (China), Yandex (Russia) and Social Networking Platforms such as Facebook (USA, Germany, India, Brazil, Egypt), Twitter (USA, Kenya), Weibo (China), iWiW (Hungary). The research showed that internet intermediaries are heavily influenced by the legal and policy environments of states, but they do have leeway over many areas of policy and practice affecting online expression and privacy. The findings also highlighted the challenge where many state policies, laws, and regulations are – to varying degrees – poorly aligned with the duty to promote and protect intermediaries’ respect for freedom of expression. It is a resource which enables the assessment of Internet intermediaries’ decisions on freedom of expression, by ensuring that any limitations are consistent with international standards

CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CONSUMERS' PERCEPTION ON PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS E-PRODUCTS THROUGH E-RETAIL MARKET

Abstract The emergence of internet has created opportunities for firms to stay competitive by providing customers with a convenient, faster and cheaper way to make purchases. Electronic Retailing is more than just buying and selling products online. It also includes entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing and paying for products and services. India has shown tremendous growth in E-Retailing segment. With an internet user base of over 300 million, India has third largest internet population after US & China. India has witnessed major breakthrough E-commerce success stories particularly in e-retail in Consumer Electronics & Fashion Apparel & Home Furnishing segments. E-Retailing creates new opportunities for entrepreneurial start-ups. Ease of Internet access, Safe and secure payment modes coupled with aggressive marketing by E-Retailing Giants has revolutionized this segment. Rapid development in mobile technology has given way to e-logistics companies to serve people as and when required very effectively

Green investment and its influence on green growth in high polluted Asian economies: Do financial markets and institutions matter?

The notion of green growth has occurred as a leading policy response to environmental pollution. This study explores the dynamic impacts of green investment, financial institutions & markets on green growth based on a time series data set comprised of four high polluted Asian countries from 1995 to 2019. We found several important short and long-run results from the ARDL bounds testing approach. First, green investment has a positive long-run effect on green growth in China, India, and Russia. Second, financial institutions have positive long-run effects on green growth in China, India, and Japan; but financial markets improve only in China and Russia. The findings also propose that internet users and R&D foster green growth in mostly high polluted Asian countries. Thus, our findings offer some implications for high polluted Asian countries to stimulate green growth in the future

EXPLORATION OFTHE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF YOUTH: A SOCIAL MEDIA INTERVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO DIGITAL INDIA AND SWATCH BHARATH MISSIONS

Young people between the ages of 15 and 25 constitute a fifth of the world’s population. India is one of the youngest countries in the world, with an estimated 65 percent of the population under the age of 35. UN report says, with 356 million 10-24 year-olds, India has the world’s largest youth population despite having a smaller population than China. There are 243 Million internet users in India and it is likely to increase to 500 Million by 2018 making India larger than the US in terms of the number of Internet users (RajanAnandan, MD, Google India). In 2018, it is estimated that there will be around 283 million social network users in India, up from close to 216.5 million in 2016 (The Statistics Portal). Indians are very active on different social networks and 88% of users share content on their social profiles and as wellincreasingly spend time on various social networking sites. The ease of using and creating social media have spawned an explosion of grassroots participation, allowing individuals to express their opinions more openly and freely as well as to build a more active and significant relationship with official institutions (Rojas H 2012). The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and Digital India, one is the most significant cleanliness campaign by the Government of India and the other, to ensure that Government services are made available to citizens electronically by improving online infrastructure and increasing Internet connectivity.The purpose of this thematic paper is priority to investigate the relationship between social media use and political participation focusing on India’s two massive movements Swach Bharath and Digital India which happen in the network society. This paper provides an overview of what is considered the power of social media and how it shapes national news agenda with democratic values. It also analyses how social media users shape the future of news and information about these movements. This paper attempts to explain the exposure to human interest and conflict frames of news based on Swach Bharath and Digital India as a result of use of social media and it concludes on all aspects of governance and attempts to improve the quality of life of citizens

Few Throats to Choke: On the Current Structure of the Internet

The original design of the Internet was as a resilient, distributed system, able to route around (and therefore recover from) massive disruption - up to and including nuclear war. However, network effects and business decisions (e.g. the pur- chase of GlobalCrossing by Level-3) have led to centralization of routing power. This is not merely an academic issue; it has practical implications, such as whether the citizens of a country may be subject to censorship by an “upstream” ISP in some other country, that controls its entire access to the Internet. In this paper, we examine the extent of routing centralization in the Internet; identify the major players who control the “Internet backbone”; and point out how many these are, in fact, under the jurisdiction of censorious countries. We also measure the collateral damage caused by censorship, particularly by the two largest Internet-using nations, China and India

Internet and E-Mail

Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. It connects several millions of computers all over the world. There is no central computer. All computers are placed at different places and are connected to each other by phone lines, cables or wireless connections. Any two computers connected to the internet can exchange information. The internet is therefore a very fast and efficient way of sending information. According to recent statistics, there is an estimated 3,179,035,200 internet users worldwide. The number of Internet users represents nearly 40 per cent of the world's population. The largest number of Internet users is in China, followed by the United States and India. This chapter is organized as follows. It gives an introduction to internet and its applications in day to day life followed by basic requirements for connecting to internet. Subsequently a brief on World Wide Web, Web browsers, search engines, online safety measures are given. Lastly, a step by step procedure for creating e-mail ID is given in the chapter

An Exploratory Investigation Of The Impact Of National Culture On Motivation And Learning Styles Of B-School Students From India

India has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Business magazines and newspapers routinely refer to India as an emerging global powerhouse along with Brazil, China, and Russia (commonly referred to as the BRIC economies). The Indian GDP has experienced a real growth of 8.9 percent from 2003-2007 and is projected to grow by 7.1 percent in 2009 and 7.5 percent in 2010. India’s GDP was US$911 billion in 2007 (data obtained from Economist.com and EconomyWatch.com). The rapid economic growth rate can be attributed to the following three factors:  1) deregulation policies adopted by the Indian government in the early 1990s, 2) dynamics of globalization, and 3) ever advancing capabilities of the Internet and other forms of telecommunication

Trials and Justice in Awaara: A Post-Colonial Movie on Post-Revolutionary Screens

Perhaps surprisingly, one of the most popular Chinese movies of all time is actually an Indian film. Filmed in 1951 in newly independent India, Awaara (The Vagabond) was released in China after the official introduction of the opening and reform policies in 1979, when the country embarked on its current post-socialist, post-revolutionary course. Known as Liulangzhe in China, Awaara received a rapturous response from Chinese audiences and even now everyone over a certain age remembers watching the movie. Thanks to the Internet, many younger Chinese have also seen Awaara, sometimes dubbed in Chinese (I first saw it dubbed in Chinese myself), or if they haven’t seen it they can tell you why their parents and grandparents loved it so much