International Research Project on Job Retention and Return to Work Strategies for Disabled Workers: Germany

[Excerpt] The International Research Project on Job Retention and Return to Work Strategies for Disabled Workers is an initiative of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the Global Applied Research and Information Network on Employment and Training (GLADNET). It reflects ILO and GLADNET joint aims of establishing a base for cross-national research and strengthening links between research analysis and policy reform in the field of employment of disabled people. The Project is a response to a combination of developments which highlight the need for more effective policies and practices in support of workers whose prospects of remaining in employment are jeopardised by work injury, illness or disability. Persons with disabilities are increasingly claiming rights to stay in work as well as to access employment. Pressures on state budgets, the rising costs of compensation claims and disability benefits, and changes in the structure of the labour market are strengthening policies in favour of job retention and return to work. Enterprises are developing their own strategies to minimise the costs of disability and to retain valued employees. Overall, the balance of responsibility is shifting from the state to the enterprise. Policies and practices to prevent disabled workers from leaving work unnecessarily, and to facilitate rapid return to employment if job loss cannot be prevented, are recent developments in many countries. The cross-national exchange of information on initiatives and their effects is limited. The first aim of this Project has been to gather information about what has been attempted, by whom, for what purposes, in which contexts and to what effects. The second, more ambitious, aim, is to examine the interaction between the various policies and practices, identify dysfunctions, and work towards more coherent and cost-effective strategies for job retention and return to work which might be applied in different national systems. The ultimate objective is to identify strategies which can be put into effect in the workplace

Trade-throughs in European cross-traded equities after transaction costs – empirical evidence for the EURO STOXX 50

This paper investigates the accuracy and heterogeneity of output growth and inflation forecasts during the current and the four preceding NBER-dated U.S. recessions. We generate forecasts from six different models of the U.S. economy and compare them to professional forecasts from the Federal Reserve’s Greenbook and the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). The model parameters and model forecasts are derived from historical data vintages so as to ensure comparability to historical forecasts by professionals. The mean model forecast comes surprisingly close to the mean SPF and Greenbook forecasts in terms of accuracy even though the models only make use of a small number of data series. Model forecasts compare particularly well to professional forecasts at a horizon of three to four quarters and during recoveries. The extent of forecast heterogeneity is similar for model and professional forecasts but varies substantially over time. Thus, forecast heterogeneity constitutes a potentially important source of economic fluctuations. While the particular reasons for diversity in professional forecasts are not observable, the diversity in model forecasts can be traced to different modeling assumptions, information sets and parameter estimates. JEL Classification: G14, G15, G2

Examining the Effect of Self-selection Bias on Consumer Satisfaction: A Product Type Perspective

Prior studies have evidenced that consumers can self-select themselves in submitting online reviews, thus introducing biases in the distribution of online review ratings. This kind of bias is termed self-selection bias. This research aims to explore the specific influences of self-selection bias on consumer satisfaction from a product type perspective. The adopted product classification system combines search and experience differentiation, as well as vertical and horizontal differentiation. An agent-based modeling approach is employed to systematically examine the combined effects of different types of self-selection bias and products. Based on experiment analysis, a novel theory is developed arguing that self-selection bias can have nuanced influences on consumer satisfaction with different kinds of products, by affecting the usefulness of online reviews in suggesting product quality information

From Block to TOE: Analyzing Opportunities of Blockchain Technologies in the Automotive Industry

Through the lens of the technology-organization-environment framework, this study aims to identify the relevant influencing factors and future opportunities for blockchain technology (BCT) adoption in the automotive industry. By applying an exploratory qualitative empirical study with semi-structured interviews with blockchain experts from the German automotive industry, a revised TOE framework is proposed in this context, confirming previous findings while also incorporating the newly discovered contextual factors of education & skills and sustainability. The analysis of a subsequent quantitative study reveals that while all factors affect BCT adoption, not all context factors have an equally strong impact. The most emphasized emerging BCT opportunities are autonomous driving, decentralized network, digital identity management, and traceability of the supply chain. The findings of this study provide guidance to organizations, politicians, consultants, and managers for defining strategies that aid in the successful adoption and value creation of BCT applications

Public Goods and Territory

The paper will attempt to demostrate the fundamental importance of public goods in the performance of any territory or economy. After discussing the concept and definition of public goods, the most important of them will be reviewed along with their degree of publicness. Their relative positions within society will also be analyzed. Finally, the relationship between private and public goods will be discussed and some conclusions will be reached as to the necessary balance and relative importance among them.

Managing and governing in a hybrid German-American corporation : the case of the DaimlerChrysler AG

Dans le cadre du débat entre les conceptions convergentes ou dépendantes des trajectoires (path dependency) de la gouvernance d'entreprises, ce mémoire analyse les modifications et les changements ayant eu cours des années 1990 à 2005 au sein de la firme Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft (AG) (devenue en cours de route DaimlerChrysler Corporation). Dans la première section de ce travail, nous soulignons les principales caractéristiques des modèles de gouvernance Anglo-américains (orientés en fonction de la valeur des actionnaires) et de l'Europe continentale (plus axés vers leurs parties prenantes) tout en mettant en lumière les enjeux contemporains entourant les transformations structurelles auxquelles sont soumises les sociétés par actions allemandes. La deuxième section de ce mémoire, focalise sur l'évolution interne de Daimler-Benz AG d'un modèle d'entreprise traditionnel allemand à une entreprise Germano-américaine internationale. Dans cette section, nous étudions également l'impact externe de trois forces marchandes sur la firme allemande soit: le marché dérégulé des capitaux, le marché mondial des produits et services, et le marché émergent des talents de gestion. Au final, notre étude de cas révèle comment, à la suite des pressions des marchés internationaux, les firmes allemandes en sont incrémentalement venues à adopter des principes de gouvernance plus orientés en fonction de la valeur des actionnaires, tout en maintenant certaines caractéristiques importantes du système de gouvernance pour les parties prenantes

Development and implementation issues for managing sales performance

The research project concentrates on the issues which a host organisation faces, in developing and implementing an efficient and cost-effective conceptual framework for measuring and managing sales performance in the automotive retail sector. Sales performance is a critical and main issue for an organisation in order to achieve its strategic objectives, by translating the results into action and monitoring the process. Due to the global financial crisis, organisations experience an economic downturn. This makes the use of a standard framework which can support their derived action plans of vital importance. This framework would aim to offer a holistic view of the sales performance with accurate results. A review of the literature provided extensive information and analysis of the different models and frameworks that could be identified and used in performance measurement literature. In addition, it provided an evaluation of the existing documentary and practices of the host organisation regarding performance measurement. As, a result, the needs for the development of an improved framework were identified. The proposed methodology was based on the integration of three frameworks, namely the SWOT Analysis, Balanced Score Card and Internal procedures as part of a performance management system. The research indicated that it is essential to synthesise and extend the existing models and frameworks with the aim to produce the most suitable conceptual framework based on the size, kind, and available resources of the organisation. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, this project provides evidence, which indicates the successful application of measuring and managing sales performance techniques through the use of reports, training communication capabilities and presentation skills. It creates a new political and organisational challenge for the staff of the organisation, which in its turn had to learn to interact fast and effectively in order to achieve their targets. It considers the external and internal influences impacting on a sales organisation and how the management team and staff can offer an actively sought process to monitor business performance on an on-going basis and to generate recommendations for changes. The research indicates that the proposed framework connects the measurement results with the derived action plans following a continuing improvement approach. The project has not only a theoretical approach but it also focuses on the implementation process. The proposed framework was developed in the host organisation with a step by step methodology establishing a reporting analysis tool. It concludes by the realisation that specific processes are required to implement the sales performance reporting analysis tool

Power, Techno-economics, and Transatlantic Relations in 1987-1999

This essay suggests that in 1987-1999 European elites, in their efforts of asymmetric balancing against the United States hegemony, decided to trade-off military capability for economic competitiveness. Thus, it documents a correlation between a) the reluctance of especially France and Germany during the 1990s to fully embrace and pursue the US-led RMA; and, b) the European Union's efforts since the late 1980s to challenge America's technological and economic supremacy in the aerospace sector. Two projects (Airbus and Galileo) indicate that the quest for strategic independence and the fear of reduced influence in international affairs were the driving forces behind European efforts to challenge the US commercial and technological supremacy in the aerospace sector in 1987-99. Furthermore, the article tries to identify what role the RMA played in this context (focusing in particular on Germany and France). It argues also that since the late 1980s (and especially during the 1990s), the European Commission and countries such as France and Germany perceived US policies in high-technology sectors (accentuated also by vigorous pursuit of the RMA) as limiting Europe’s abilities to advance its own agenda in international economic and security affairs